Collectivité territoriale de Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon Territorial Collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon
Unofficial flag Coat of arms
Motto A Mare Labor  (Latin) "From the Sea, Work"
Anthem La Marseillaise
Capital (and largest city)		Saint-Pierre 46°47′N, 56°10′W
Official languages		French
Government		Dependent territory
-	President of France	Nicolas Sarkozy
-	President of the Territorial Council	Stéphane Artano
-	Prefect	Yves Fauqueur
Overseas collectivity of France
-	Ceded by the UK†	30 May 1814
-	Overseas territory	27 October 1946
-	Overseas department	17 July 1976
-	Territorial collectivity	11 June 1985
-	Overseas collectivity	28 March 2003
Area
-	Total	242 km² (208th) 93.4 sq mi
-	Water (%)	negligible
Population
-	January 2006 census	6,125
-	Density	25 /km² (176th) 66 /sq mi
GDP (PPP)		2003 estimate
-	Total	$48.3 million (226th)
-	Per capita	$6,874 (not ranked)
Currency		Euro (€) (EUR)
Time zone		PMST (UTC-3)
-	Summer (DST)	PMDT (UTC-2)
Internet TLD		.pm
Calling code		+508
† Treaty of Paris (1814).

The territorial collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (French: Collectivité territoriale de Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon) are a group of small islands — the main ones being Saint Pierre and Miquelon — off the eastern coast of Canada near Newfoundland. Image File history File links Flag_of_Saint-Pierre_and_Miquelon. ... Image File history File links Coat_of_Arms_of_Saint-Pierre_and_Miquelon. ... The local flag of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon is blue with a yellow ship, said to be the Grande Hermine, which brought Jacques Cartier to Saint-Pierre on 15 June 1536. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... A motto (from Italian) is a phrase or a short list of words meant formally to describe the general motivation or intention of an entity, social group, or organization. ... For other uses, see Latin (disambiguation). ... A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that is evoking and eulogising the history, traditions and struggles of its people, recognised either by a countrys government as the official national song, or by convention through use by the people. ... This article is about the anthem La Marseillaise. A sculpture popularly called La Marseillaise is part of the sculptural program of the Arc de Triomphe. ... Image File history File links LocationSaint-PierreAndMiquelon. ... Not to be confused with capitol. ... Population: 6,896 (July 2000 est. ... Saint-Pierre is the capital of the French overseas collectivity of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon, off of the coast of Newfoundland in North America. ... An official language is a language that is given a unique legal status in the countries, states, and other territories. ... A dependent territory, dependent area or dependency is a territory that does not possess full political independence or sovereignty as a State. ... The President of France, known officially as the President of the Republic (Président de la République in French), is Frances elected Head of State. ... Nicolas Sarkozy (IPA: —  ), (born Nicolas Paul Stéphane Sarközy de Nagy-Bocsa on 28 January 1955 in Paris, France is the current President of France, elected on 6 May 2007 after defeating Socialist Party contender Ségolène Royal during the second round of the 2007 election. ... Country name: conventional long form: Territorial Collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon conventional short form: Saint Pierre and Miquelon local long form: Departement de Saint-Pierre et Miquelon local short form: Saint-Pierre et Miquelon Data code: SB Dependency status: self-governing overseas collectivity of France See also: Administrative divisions... Uniforme hat of a French préfet A prefect (French: préfet) in France is the States representative in a department or region. ... The prefect of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon is the local representative of the President of France and in effect the Governor or Executive officer of the territory. ... A collectivité doutre-mer (in English Overseas Community) or COM, is an administrative division of France. ... is the 150th day of the year (151st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1814 (MDCCCXIV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ... The term Overseas territory (French: Territoire doutre-mer or TOM), is an administrative division of France and is currently only applied to the French Southern Territories. ... is the 300th day of the year (301st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 198th day of the year (199th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1976 Pick up sticks(MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... A Territorial collectivity (French: collectivité territoriale and sometimes collectivité locale) is the generic name for all subnational entities and dependent areas which have an elected local government and (per article #72 of the French constitution) a certain freedom of administration. // Regions: There are 21 regions in metropolitan France and 4... is the 162nd day of the year (163rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... is the 87th day of the year (88th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Area is a physical quantity expressing the size of a part of a surface. ... To help compare different orders of magnitude and geographical regions, we list here areas between 100 km² and 1000 km². See also areas of other orders of magnitude. ... This is a list of the countries of the world sorted by area. ... A square mile is an English unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (≈1,609 m) in length. ... Impact from a water drop causes an upward rebound jet surrounded by circular capillary waves. ... A percentage is a way of expressing a proportion, a ratio or a fraction as a whole number, by using 100 as the denominator. ... Population density per square kilometre by country, 2006 Population density map of the world in 1994. ... Population density by country, 2006 List of countries and dependencies by population density in inhabitants/km². The list includes sovereign states and self-governing dependent territories that are recognized by the United Nations. ... Gross domestic product (by purchasing power parity) in 2006 The purchasing power parity (PPP) theory was developed by Gustav Cassel in 1920. ... There are three lists of countries of the world sorted by their gross domestic product (GDP) (the value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year). ... Per capita is a Latin phrase meaning for each head. ... Map of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita for the year 2006. ... For other uses, see Euro (disambiguation). ... The euro (€; ISO 4217 code EUR) is the currency of twelve European Union member states: Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, and Spain. ... ISO 4217 is the international standard describing three letter codes (also known as the currency code) to define the names of currencies established by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). ... Timezone and TimeZone redirect here. ... “UTC” redirects here. ... Though DST is common in Europe and North America, most of the worlds people do not use it. ... “UTC” redirects here. ... A country code top-level domain (ccTLD) is a top-level domain used and reserved for a country or a dependent territory. ... . ... A telephone number is a sequence of decimal digits (0-9) that is used for identifying a destination telephone line in a telephone network. ... The Treaty of Paris was signed on May 30, 1814 and ended the war between France and the Sixth Coalition of the United Kingdom, Russia, Austria, Sweden, Portugal and Prussia. ... Newfoundland —   IPA: [nuw fÉ™n lænd] (French: , Irish: ) is a large island off the east coast of North America, and the most populous part of the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. ...

The islands are part of France and the European Union but due to special immigration procedures, EU nationals who are not French citizens are not allowed to exercise free movement and business establishment in the archipelago [1].

The archipelago is the only remnant of the former colonial territory of New France. Capital Quebec Language(s) French Religion Roman Catholicism Government Monarchy King See List of French monarchs Governor See list of Governors Legislature Sovereign Council of New France Historical era Ancien Régime in France  - Royal Control 1655  - Articles of Capitulation of Quebec 1759  - Articles of Capitulation of Montreal 1760  - Treaty...

History

Main article: History of Saint Pierre and Miquelon

The early settlement of St. Pierre and Miquelon, which were prized by Europeans for their rich fishing grounds, was characterized by periods of conflict between the French and English. The History of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon is one of early settlement by Europeans taking advantage of the rich fishing grounds near Saint-Pierre and Miquelon, and is characterized by periods of conflict between the French and English. ...

There is evidence of prehistoric inhabitation on the islands (most likely Beothuk). The European settlements on the islands are some of the oldest in the Americas (with the Spanish and Portuguese settlements), dating from at least the early 16th century. At first the Basque fishermen only visited the islands seasonally during the fishing season, and by the mid 17th century there were permanent French residents on the islands. Newfoundland, home of the Beothuk The Beothuk (IPA: ) were the native inhabitants of the island of Newfoundland at the time of European contact in the 15th and 16th centuries. ... Languages Basque - few monoglots Spanish - 1,525,000 monoglots French - 150,000 monoglots Basque-Spanish - 600,000 speakers Basque-French - 76,000 speakers [4] other native languages Religions Traditionally Roman Catholic The Basques (Basque: ) are an indigenous people[5] who inhabit parts of northeastern Spain and southwestern France. ...

At the end of the 17th and into the early 18th century, British attacks on the islands caused the French settlers to abandon the islands, and the British took possession for 50 years (from 1713 to 1763). The French took the islands back in 1763 under the Treaty of Paris (which ceded all of New France to Britain except for Saint Pierre and Miquelon) and settlers returned to live peacefully for 15 years. The Treaty of Paris, or the Treaty of 1763, was signed on February 10, 1763, by the kingdoms of Great Britain, France and Spain, with Portugal in agreement. ...

French support of the American Revolution led to a British attack on the islands, and the deportation of the French settlers. Possession of Miquelon and St. Pierre passed back and forth between France and Great Britain for the next 38 years, as the islands suffered attacks by both countries, voluntary or forced removal of the island's residents, and upheaval associated with the French Revolution. John Trumbulls Declaration of Independence, showing the five-man committee in charge of drafting the Declaration in 1776 as it presents its work to the Second Continental Congress in Philadelphia The American Revolution refers to the period during the last half of the 18th century in which the Thirteen... The French Revolution (1789–1815) was a period of political and social upheaval in the political history of France and Europe as a whole, during which the French governmental structure, previously an absolute monarchy with feudal privileges for the aristocracy and Catholic clergy, underwent radical change to forms based on...

France finally took the islands back after Napoleon's second abdication in 1815, and there followed 70 years of prosperity for the French fishing industry and residents on Miquelon and St. Pierre. However, political and economic changes led to a slow decline of the fishing industry after the late 19th century. For other uses, see Napoleon (disambiguation). ...

There was a short 13-year economic boom on the island associated with the period of Prohibition in the United States, when Miquelon and St. Pierre were prominent bases for alcohol smuggling. This boom ended with the repeal of prohibition in 1933, and the economy sank into depression. This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...

During the Second World War, the governor, Gilbert de Bournat, was loyal to the Vichy regime; he had to negotiate financial arrangements with U.S. authorities to obtain loans guaranteed by the French treasury. At the same time, Canada was considering an invasion of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon. Several pretexts were put forward, notably radio broadcasts of Vichy propaganda. It was alleged that the radio was helping German U-Boats on the Grand Banks, though this was never proven. Canadian prime minister William Lyon Mackenzie King never authorised the implementation of the plans. Motto Travail, famille, patrie French: Unoccupied zone of Vichy France (until November 1942) Capital Vichy Capital-in-exile Sigmaringen (1944-1945) Language(s) French Religion Roman Catholic Government Dictatorship Chief of state  - 1940 — 1944 Philippe Pétain President of the Council  - 1940 — 1942 Philippe Pétain  - 1942 — 1944 Pierre Laval... U-boat is also a nickname for some diesel locomotives built by GE; see List of GE locomotives October 1939. ... Map showing the Grand Banks Historic map of the Grand Banks. ... Not to be confused with William Lyon Mackenzie, Mackenzie Kings grandfather. ...

Under orders from de Gaulle, Admiral Émile Muselier organised the liberation of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon, without the consent and knowledge of the Canadian and U.S. authorities. On 24 December 1941, a Free French flotilla led by the submarine cruiser Surcouf took control of the islands without resistance. De Gaulle had a referendum organised, which was favourable to him, and Saint-Pierre and Miquelon thus became one of the first French territories to join Free France. The affair led to a durable distrust between De Gaulle and Roosevelt. This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Emile Henry Muselier (Marseilles, 17 April 1882 - Toulon, 2 September 1965) was a French admiral who led the naval forces of the Free French Forces during World War II. He was responsible for the idea of distinguishing his fleet from that of Vichy France by adopting the Cross of Lorraine... is the 358th day of the year (359th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see 1941 (disambiguation). ... Five ships of the French Navy have borne the name Surcouf, in honour of the 18th century Saint-Malo corsair Robert Surcouf: see French ship Surcouf for the list. ... The Free French Forces (Forces Françaises Libres in French) were French fighters who decided to go on fighting against Germany after the Fall of France and German occupation and to fight against Vichy France in World War II. General Charles de Gaulle was a member of the French Cabinet...

Politics

Main article: Politics of Saint Pierre and Miquelon

The politics of Saint Pierre and Miquelon take place within a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic French overseas collectivity, whereby the President of the Territorial Council is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Country name: conventional long form: Territorial Collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon conventional short form: Saint Pierre and Miquelon local long form: Departement de Saint-Pierre et Miquelon local short form: Saint-Pierre et Miquelon Data code: SB Dependency status: self-governing overseas collectivity of France See also: Administrative divisions... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Representative democracy is a form of government founded on the principles of popular sovereignty by the peoples representatives. ... A collectivité doutre-mer (in English Overseas Community) or COM, is an administrative division of France. ... The Territorial Council (Conseil territorial) is the legislative branch of the government of the French territory. ... The Head of Government is the chief officer of the executive branch of a government, often presiding over a cabinet. ... Under the doctrine of the separation of powers, the executive is the branch of a government charged with implementing, or executing, the law. ...

Saint Pierre and Miquelon also sends one deputy to the French National Assembly and one senator to the French Senate. A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a parliament. ... The Palais Bourbon, front The French National Assembly (French: ) is one of the two houses of the bicameral Parliament of France under the Fifth Republic. ... The Senate (in French : le Sénat) is the upper house of the Parliament of France. ...

In 1992, a maritime boundary dispute with Canada over the delineation of the Exclusive Economic Zone belonging to France was settled by the International Court of Arbitration. In the decision, France kept the 12 nautical mile (NM) (22.2 km) territorial sea surrounding the islands and was given an additional 12 NM (22.2 km) contiguous zone as well as a 10.5 NM (19.4 km) wide corridor stretching 200 NM (370 km) south. The total area in the award was 18% of what France had requested. Sea areas in international rights Under the law of the sea, an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) is a seazone over which a state has special rights over the exploration and use of marine resources. ... The International Court of Arbitration is an institution for the resolution of international commercial disputes. ... A nautical mile or sea mile is a unit of length. ...

The boundary dispute had been a flash point for Franco-Canadian relations. New claims made under UNCLOS by France over the continental shelf might cause new tensions between France and Canada. Modern Canada-France relations have been marked by high levels of military and economic cooperation, but also by periods of diplomatic discord, primarily over the status of Quebec. ... United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea Opened for signature December 10, 1982 in Montego Bay (Jamaica) Entered into force November 16, 1994[1] Conditions for entry into force 60 ratifications Parties 149[2] For maritime law in general see Admiralty law. ...

Administrative divisions

Saint-Pierre and Miquelon is administratively divided into two communes (municipalities). They are: Miquelon-Langlade and Saint-Pierre. Image File history File links Stpierremap. ... This is a map of Saint Pierre et Miquelon from the CIA world factbook (retrieved from http://www. ... Map of the 36,568 communes of metropolitan France. ... Map of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon Miquelon-Langlade is the less populated of the two communes (municipalities) making up the French overseas collectivity of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon, in North America. ... Map of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon Saint-Pierre is the capital of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon. ...

Geography and environment

Main article: Geography of Saint Pierre and Miquelon

The island of Saint-Pierre is surrounded by smaller dependencies which include the island of Grand Colombier, Petit Colombier, Île aux Marins (formally known as Île aux Chiens), Île aux Pigeons and Île aux Vainqueurs. The total area of the islands is 242 km² (93.4 sq mi). They have a coastline which is 120 km (75 miles) long. Location: Northern North America, islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, south of Newfoundland (Canada) Geographic coordinates: 46 50 N, 56 20 W Map references: North America Area: total: 242 km² land: 242 km² water: 0 km² note: includes eight small islands in the Saint Pierre and the Miquelon groups Area... Saint-Pierre is the capital of the French overseas collectivity of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon, off of the coast of Newfoundland in North America. ... ÃŽle aux Marins // ÃŽle aux Marins ÃŽle aux Marins (formally known as ÃŽle aux Chiens) is a ghost town and island located near the French island of Saint-Pierre, Saint-Pierre and Miquelon. ... ‹ The template below (Unit of length) is being considered for deletion. ... “Miles” redirects here. ...

The island of Miquelon is roughly 25 km (16 mi) from the main coast of Newfoundland at their closest points. However, there is a small Canadian island with a lighthouse belonging to Newfoundland called Green Island that is halfway between Langlade and Newfoundland at 46°52′44″N 56°05′21″W / 46.87889, -56.08917, and is about 10 km (6 mi) from both Langlade and St. Pierre.^[1] for Green Island (Catalina), Newfoundland Green Island is a rocky island in the mouth of Fortune Bay, off the Burin Peninsula of Newfoundland. ...

The island of Miquelon is separated from St. Pierre by a 6 km (4 mi) strait with very fierce currents. Fishermen call this section of ocean "The Mouth of Hell". The waters around these islands are very treacherous, and there have been over 600 shipwrecks along the coasts of the islands.

Simulated view of the islands by NASA

The island of Miquelon was formed by the joining of three islands by sand dunes and Quaternary deposits. These islands are Le Cap, Miquelon (Grande Miquelon), and Langlade (Petite Miquelon). Miquelon and Langlade were separate until a large sandbar joined them in the 18th century.^[1] Miquelon has a lagoon called Grand Barachois, where seals and other wildlife can be found. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (4000x3000, 17326 KB) From NASAs Visible Earth. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (4000x3000, 17326 KB) From NASAs Visible Earth. ... Map of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon Miquelon is a town and an island, part of the Saint-Pierre and Miquelon archipelago. ... The Quaternary Period is the geologic time period from the end of the Pliocene Epoch roughly 1. ... Map of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon Langlade Island, also referred to by foreigners as Little Miquelon, is par of the Saint-Pierre and Miquelon archipelago. ...

The term 'Miquelon' is Basque for "Michael". The island name 'Langlade' is a corruption of 'l'île à l'Anglais' (which is translated as Englishman's Island). Saint-Pierre is the Patron Saint of Fishermen (along with St. Andrew, St. Anthony of Padua, St. Benno, St. Nicholas of Myra, St. Zeno of Verona^[2]). Saint Andrew (Greek: Andreas, manly), the Christian Apostle, brother of Saint Peter, was born at Bethsaida on the Lake of Galilee. ... Saint Anthony of Padua Saint Anthony of Padua, also venerated as Anthony of Lisbon, particularly in Portugal (August 15, 1195 – June 13, 1231) is a Catholic saint who was born in Lisbon as Fernando de Bulhões, to a wealthy family. ... Benno of Meissen (1010 - June 16, 1106), bishop of Meissen. ... Saint Nicholas (Greek: , Victory of the people) is the common name for Saint Nicholas of Myra, who had a reputation for secret gift-giving, but is now commonly identified with Santa Claus, Father Christmas or in The Netherlands and Belgium as Sint-Nicolaas or Sinterklaas. ... Zeno of Verona, Italian: Zenone da Verona (about 300 - 371 or 300 - 380) was either an early Christian Bishop or martyr. ...

The climate is very damp and windy, the winters are harsh and long. The spring and early summer are foggy and cool. Late summer and early fall are sunny.

Every spring, whales migrating to Greenland are visible off the coasts of Miquelon and St. Pierre.

Trilobite fossils have been found on Langlade. There were a number of stone pillars off the island coasts called "L'anse aux Soldats" that have been eroded away and disappeared in the 1970s.^[3]

Economy

Main article: Economy of Saint Pierre and Miquelon

The islands were dependent upon the cod fishery for the best part of the last four centuries. However, overfishing on the Grand Banks has led Canada to impose a long-term closure of this industry. Since fishing quotas are governed by Canada, Saint-Pierre and Miquelon and the French fishing fleet (whether based out of the islands or out of mainland France) have been seriously affected. The Economy of Saint Pierre and Miquelon possesses the feature that the inhabitants have traditionally earned their livelihood by fishing and by servicing fishing fleets operating off the coast of Newfoundland. ... the world is coming to the end!!!!! cod is going to eat up alive and do us hard up the emmm. ... × The Traffic Light colour convention, showing the concept of Harvest Control Rule (HCR), specifying when a rebuilding plan is mandatory in terms of precautionary and limit reference points for spawning biomass and fishing mortality rate. ... Map showing the Grand Banks Historic map of the Grand Banks. ...

In Saint-Pierre and Miquelon many efforts are being made, with the help of the French government, to diversify the local economy. Tourism, fish farming, crab fishing and agriculture are being developed. “Tourist” redirects here. ... A demonstration aquaculture facility Fish farming is the principal form of aquaculture. ... Superfamilies Dromiacea Homolodromioidea Dromioidea Homoloidea Eubrachyura Raninoidea Cyclodorippoidea Dorippoidea Calappoidea Leucosioidea Majoidea Hymenosomatoidea Parthenopoidea Retroplumoidea Cancroidea Portunoidea Bythograeoidea Xanthoidea Bellioidea Potamoidea Pseudothelphusoidea Gecarcinucoidea Cryptochiroidea Pinnotheroidea * Ocypodoidea * Grapsoidea * An asterisk (*) marks the crabs included in the clade Thoracotremata. ...

Between 1890 and 1965, the islanders used the Saint Pierre and Miquelon franc, which was equal to the French franc until 1945, then to the CFA franc between 1945 and 1960, and then to the French new franc until 1965, when the French currency was established as the sole circulating currency. Since 2002, the islanders have used the euro. Until the 1990s, the islanders used French postage stamps, but now the islands issue their own. Domestic French postal rates apply to mail between mainland France and the islands. The French postal code is 97500. The franc was the currency of Saint Pierre and Miquelon until 2002. ... ISO 4217 Code FRF User(s) Monaco, Andorra, France except New Caledonia, French Polynesia, and Wallis and Futuna ERM Since 13 March 1979 Fixed rate since 31 December 1998 Replaced by €, non cash 1 January 1999 Replaced by €, cash 1 January 2002 € = 6. ... now. ... For other uses, see Euro (disambiguation). ... This 1974 stamp from Japan depicts a Class 8620 steam locomotive. ... Postcodes are generally clearly visible outside Australia Post offices. ...

Demography

Main article: Demographics of Saint Pierre and Miquelon

Landscape of Miquelon

The population of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon at the 2006 local census was 6,125 inhabitants. 5,509 of these lived in the commune (municipality) of Saint-Pierre and the other 616 in the commune of Miquelon-Langlade (all on Miquelon proper, and none on Langlade Island). Population: 6,896 (July 2000 est. ... Image File history File links Miquelon_9. ... Image File history File links Miquelon_9. ... Map of the 36,568 communes of metropolitan France. ... Map of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon Saint-Pierre is the capital of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon. ... Map of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon Miquelon-Langlade is the less populated of the two communes (municipalities) making up the French overseas collectivity of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon, in North America. ... Map of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon Langlade Island, also referred to by foreigners as Little Miquelon, is par of the Saint-Pierre and Miquelon archipelago. ...

Langlade currently has no year-round residents, since its sole inhabitant, Charles Lafitte,^[4] died in July 2006. Langlade is a summer retreat for many inhabitants of Saint-Pierre, when its population can swell up to 1000.

Culture

French is the official language of the islands. The local accent and many of the words used are similar to the Norman language. Norman is a Romance language and one of the Oïl languages. ...

French patriotism is strong on the islands,^{[citation needed]} and the islanders are proud^{[citation needed]} that some of the soil on the island is French, having been brought over in the ballasts of ships.

Basque pride might be just as strong, given the strong historical ties of the islands to the Basque region of France and Spain. Every year in the summer there is a Basque Festival, with demonstrations of harrijasotzaile (stone heaving), haitzkolari (lumberjack skills), and paleta (a game somewhat like Jaï-Alaï). Languages Basque - few monoglots Spanish - 1,525,000 monoglots French - 150,000 monoglots Basque-Spanish - 600,000 speakers Basque-French - 76,000 speakers [4] other native languages Religions Traditionally Roman Catholic The Basques (Basque: ) are an indigenous people[5] who inhabit parts of northeastern Spain and southwestern France. ... Pelota Vasca or Pelota Valenciana (in Spanish; pilota in Basque, Valenciano and Catalan; pelote in French, from Latin pila) is a name for a variety of court sports played with a ball using ones hand, a racket, a wooden bat (pala), or a basket propulsor, against a wall (front... Now defunct Milford Jai-Alai Fronton in Milford, Connecticut. ...

Hockey is very popular in Saint Pierre and Miquelon. Several players from the islands have played on French teams and even participated on the French National hockey team in the Olympics.

Street names are not commonly used on the islands. Directions and locations are commonly given using nicknames and the names of nearby residents.

The only time the guillotine was ever used in North America was in Saint-Pierre in the late 1800s. Joseph Néel was convicted of killing Mr. Coupard on Île aux chiens on December 30, 1888, and executed by guillotine on August 24, 1889. The guillotine had to be shipped from Martinique and it did not arrive in working order. It was very difficult to get anyone to perform the execution; finally a recent immigrant was coaxed into doing the job. This event was the inspiration for the film The Widow of Saint-Pierre (La Veuve de Saint-Pierre) released in 2000. The guillotine is now in a museum in Saint-Pierre. This article is about the decapitation device. ... is the 364th day of the year (365th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the toll-free telephone number see Toll-free telephone number Year 1888 (MDCCCLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Friday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 236th day of the year (237th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1889 (MDCCCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... La Veuve de Saint-Pierre (English title The Widow of Saint-Pierre) is a 2000 film by Patrice Leconte with Juliette Binoche, Daniel Auteuil and Emir Kusturica. ...

Military

Further information: Military of France

France is responsible for the defence of the islands. The Military of France has a very long history, greatly influential in World history, of serving its country. ...

Transportation

Saint Pierre and Miquelon has no railway and 114 km (70.8 miles) of highways (plus 45 km (28 miles) of unpaved roads). Its only major harbour is Saint-Pierre. The dependency has no merchant marine and two airports; the runway at Saint-Pierre Airport is 1800m long, and at Miquelon Airport, 1000m. This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... A harbor (or harbour) or haven is a place where ships may shelter from the weather or are stored. ... Map of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon Saint-Pierre is the capital of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon. ... Saint-Pierre Airport (French: ) (IATA: FSP, ICAO: LFVP) is an airport located 1 nautical mile (1. ... Miquelon Airport, (IATA: MQC, ICAO: LFVM), is located adjacent to the town of Miquelon on the Saint-Pierre and Miquelon archipelago. ...

A regular ferry service is available between Saint-Pierre and the town of Fortune, Newfoundland. The town of Fortune is situated on the western side of the Burin Peninsula in Newfoundland, Canada. ...

Air transport is provided by Air Saint-Pierre which connects Saint-Pierre with Miquelon and several Canadian cities. Air Saint-Pierre is an airline based at Saint-Pierre, Saint-Pierre and Miquelon. ...

Saint Pierre and Miquelon is the only jurisdiction in North America not to have adopted for its vehicle registration plates the standard of six inches in height by twelve inches in width and instead uses French-style plates. This article does not cite any references or sources. ... As of 2005, France has three main kinds of car registration plates: General scheme Military plates Civilian state administration plates (domaines). ...

Time zone

Saint Pierre and Miquelon is in its own time zone with respect to the rest of North America, UTC-3, which means three hours behind Greenwich Mean Time. This also translates to two hours ahead of New York (Eastern Time Zone), one hour ahead of Halifax (Atlantic Time Zone), and thirty minutes ahead of St. John's (Newfoundland Standard Time Zone). This is the same time zone as Greenland, most of Brazil, and French Guiana. North America North America is a continent[1] in the Earths northern hemisphere and (chiefly) western hemisphere. ... −12 | −11 | −10 | −9:30 | −9 | −8 | −7 | −6 | −5 | −4 | −3:30 | −3 | −2:30 | −2 | −1 | −0:25 | UTC (0) | +0:20 | +0:30 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +3:30 | +4 | +4:30 | +4:51 | +5 | +5:30 | +5:40 | +5:45 | +6 | +6:30 | +7 | +7:20 | +7... “GMT” redirects here. ... “Eastern Daylight Time” redirects here. ... AST is UTC-4 The Atlantic Standard Time Zone (AST) is a geographic region that keeps time by subtracting four hours from Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), resulting in UTC-4. ... NST is UTC-3:30 The Newfoundland Standard Time Zone (NST) is a geographic region that keeps time by subtracting 3½ hours from Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), resulting in UTC-3:30. ...

However, most road atlases (those from North America in particular) erroneously place Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Time Zone (UTC-4). AST is UTC-4 The Atlantic Standard Time Zone (AST) is a geographic region that keeps time by subtracting four hours from Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), resulting in UTC-4. ... −12 | −11 | −10 | −9:30 | −9 | −8 | −7 | −6 | −5 | −4 | −3:30 | −3 | −2:30 | −2 | −1 | −0:25 | UTC (0) | +0:20 | +0:30 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +3:30 | +4 | +4:30 | +4:51 | +5 | +5:30 | +5:40 | +5:45 | +6 | +6:30 | +7 | +7:20 | +7...

Notables

• Denis Kang, martial arts fighter.
• Henry Hughes Hough, Rear Admiral in the United States Navy and Governor of the United States Virgin Islands.
• Léon Charles Albert Calmette collaborated with veterinarian Camille Guérin to produce the BCG vaccine against tuberculosis. As a member of the French Naval Medical Corps, he was assigned to the islands after being stationed in Hong Kong and arrived in 1887.

Denis Kang (September 17, 1977-) is the first well-known Korean-Canadian multiethnic martial arts fighter and is widely regarded as one of the best fighters in the world. ... Henry Hughes Hough (January 8, 1871–September 9, 1943) was a Rear Admiral of the United States Navy and one-time military Governor of the United States Virgin Islands. ... The term Rear Admiral originated from the days of Naval Sailing Squadrons, and can trace its origins to the British Royal Navy. ... USN redirects here. ... List of U.S. Virgin Islands Governors 1917 - 1917 Edwin Taylor Pollock 1917 - 1919 James Harrison Oliver 1919 - 1921 Joseph Wallace Oman 1921 - 1922 Sumner Ely Wetmore Kittelle 1922 - 1923 Henry Hughes Hough 1923 - 1925 Philip Williams 1925 - 1927 Martin Edwin Trench 1927 - 1931 Waldo A. Evans 1931 - 1935 Paul... Léon Charles Albert Calmette (July 12, 1863 – October 29, 1933) was a French physician, bacteriologist and immunologist, and an important officer of the Pasteur Institute. ... Jean-Marie Camille Guérin (b. ... An apparatus (4-5 cm length, with nine short needles) used for BCG vaccination in Japan. ... Tuberculosis (abbreviated as TB for tubercle bacillus or TuBerculosis) is a common and deadly infectious disease caused by mycobacteria, mainly Mycobacterium tuberculosis. ...

See also

• Communications in Saint Pierre and Miquelon
• Franco-Canadian relations
• French overseas departments and territories
• Administrative divisions of France

Telephones - main lines in use: 4,000 (1994) Telephones - mobile cellular: 0 (1994) (SPM Telecom now offers GSM mobile phone service) Telephone system: domestic: NA international: radiotelephone communication with most countries in the world; 1 earth station in French domestic satellite system Radio broadcast stations: AM 1, FM 4, shortwave... Modern Canada-France relations have been marked by high levels of military and economic cooperation, but also by periods of diplomatic discord, primarily over the status of Quebec. ... The French Overseas Departments and Territories (often abbreviated DOM-TOM for départements doutre-mer, territoires doutre-mer) consist broadly of French-administered territories outside of Europe. ... bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla...

Notes and references

Memorial University of Newfoundland, (popularly known as Memorial University or MUN) is a comprehensive university located primarily in St. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 241st day of the year (242nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 51st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 11th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Saint Pierre and Miquelon

Community, culture and history

• Municipal Government of St-Pierre (French)
• History of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon
• St Pierre & Miquelon Online Community
• The liberation of St Pierre & Miquelon December 24th 1941 by the Free French Naval Forces
• CIA World Factbook entry for Saint-Pierre and Miquelon
• History of French submarine telegraph cables
• Miquelon and St. Pierre history site produced by Newfoundland's Memorial University

Tourism

• Tourist Office Official web site st-pierre-et-miquelon.info
• Tourism and Travel Resources for St Pierre & Miquelon
• Frequently Asked Questions Tourism and Travel
• Maps of Towns in Saint-Pierre & Miquelon
• Saint-Pierre and Miquelon travel guide from Wikitravel

Territorial issues

• Saint-Pierre & Miquelon Continental Plate - "Defend Saint-Pierre & Miquelon"

Coordinates: 46°47′N, 56°12′W Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... Wikitravel is a project to create an open content, complete, up-to-date, and reliable world-wide travel guide. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...

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