Sakhalin Koreans trace their roots back to immigrants from Gyeongsang and Jeolla provinces in the late 1930s and early 1940s. At that time, the southern half ofSakhalin, then known as Karafuto Prefecture, was under the control of the Empire of Japan; the Japanese government recruited and/or forced Korean labourers into service and shipped them to Karafuto in order to fill labour shortages caused by World War II. Sakhalin Koreans may or may not identify as Koryo-saram; the term "Koryo-saram" typically refers to ethnic Koreans from Hamgyong province whose ancestors emigrated to the Russian Far East in the 19th century, and then were later deported to Central Asia, but is sometimes expanded to refer to all Koreans in the former USSR. The issue of self-identification is complicated by the fact that many Sakhalin Koreans feel that Koreans from Central Asia look down on them.^[1] Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk (Ю́жно-Сахали́нск) is a city in Sakhalin, Russia, administrative center of the Sakhalin Oblast. ... Kholmsk is a city in Sakhalin, Russia, administrative center of the Sakhalin Oblast. ... Orthodox Christianity is a generalized reference to the Eastern traditions of Christianity, as opposed to the Western traditions (which descend through, or alongside of, the Roman Catholic Church) or the Eastern Rite Catholic churches. ... Protestantism is one of three main groups currently within Christianity. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Koryo-saram (Russian: Корё сарам; Koryo-mar: 고려사람; Standard Korean: 고려인, Hanja: 高麗人) is the name which ethnic Koreans in the Post-Soviet states use to refer to themselves. ... Gyeongsang (Gyeongsang-do) was one of the eight provinces of Korea during the Joseon Dynasty. ... Jeolla (Jeolla-do) was one of the eight provinces of Korea during the Joseon Dynasty. ... Location of Sakhalin in the Western Pacific Sakhalin, GOST transliteration Sahalin, (Russian: , Korean: Traditional Chinese: 庫頁島; Simplified Chinese: 库页岛; pinyin: kùyèdÇŽo Japanese: 樺太 romaji: karafuto), also Saghalien, is a large elongated island in the North Pacific, lying between 45° 50 and 54° 24 N. It is part of the Russian... Karafuto (樺太) is the Japanese name for the southern part of the island of Sakhalin or the entire island of Sakhalin. ... now. ... Combatants Major Allied powers: United Kingdom Soviet Union United States Republic of China and others Major Axis powers: Nazi Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Harry Truman Chiang Kai-Shek Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tojo Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead... Koryo-saram (Russian: Корё сарам; Koryo-mar: 고려사람; Standard Korean: 고려인, Hanja: 高麗人) is the name which ethnic Koreans in the Post-Soviet states use to refer to themselves. ... Hamgyŏng (Hamgyŏng-do) was one of the Eight Provinces of Korea during the Joseon Dynasty. ... Far Eastern Federal District (highlighted in red) Russian Far East (Russian: Д́альний Вост́ок Росс́ии; English transliteration: Dalny Vostok Rossii) is an informal term that refers to the Russian part of the Far East, i. ... The total deportation of Koreans in the Soviet Union, over 172,000 persons, in September-October 1937 from the border regions of the Russian Far East was part of the systematic Stalins policy of population transfer in the Soviet Union. ... Post-Soviet states in alphabetical order: 1. ... Map of Central Asia showing three sets of possible boundaries for the region Central Asia located as a region of the world Central Asia is a vast landlocked region of Asia. ...

Language

See also: Korean language North-South differences

Unlike the Koryo-saram in Central Asia, the spoken Korean of Sakhalin is nowhere near that of Hamgyong dialect or Koryo-mar, but is closer to the Jeolla and Gyeongsang dialects. As result of the diplomatic situation up until the 1980s, during which South Korea had no relations with the Soviet Union, most Korean-language instructional materials were provided by North Korea. Oddly enough, as a result, Sakhalin Koreans' writing, like that of Koryo-saram, followed the North Korean standard, but their spoken Korean in radio broadcasts and other formal occasions tended to be closer to the Seoul dialect.^[2] The North-South differences in the Korean language refers to the differences in the Korean language used in the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea (North Korea; hereafter the North) and the Republic of Korea (South Korea; hereafter denoted the South). From a linguistic point of view, the language used... Koryo-saram (Russian: Корё сарам; Koryo-mar: 고려사람; Standard Korean: 고려인, Hanja: 高麗人) is the name which ethnic Koreans in the Post-Soviet states use to refer to themselves. ... Koryo-mar (Hangul: 고려말; Russian: Корё мар; Standard Korean: 중앙아시아한국어, literally Central Asia Korean language) is the dialect of the Korean language spoken by the Koryo-saram, ethnic Koreans in the former USSR. It is descended from the North Hamgyong dialect of Korean. ... The Gyeongsang dialect is a dialect of the Korean language which is widely used in the Yeongnam region, which includes North and South Gyeongsang provinces. ... The Seoul dialect is the basis of the standard dialect of Korean in South Korea. ...

History

World War II and the Soviet invasion

In 1920, ten years after the annexation of Korea by Japan, there were fewer than one thousand Koreans in the whole of Karafuto Prefecture, overwhelmingly male.^[3] This number did not rise very rapidly despite the desire of the Japanese government to put more people on the ground in the sparsely-populated prefecture and the availability of a cheap labour force on the Korean peninsula; as late as the mid 1930s, there were still fewer than 6,000 Koreans in Karafuto.^[4] However, as Japan's war effort picked up, recruiters in Korea continued to import labour to the island to work in coal mines and lumber yards. At the peak, over 150,000 Koreans worked on the island.^[5] Of those, roughly 10,000 mine workers were relocated to Japan prior to the war's end, but nothing further has been heard of them, despite the efforts of present-day Sakhalin Koreans to locate them.^[6] The Treaty of Annexation of Korea by Japan was signed on August 22, 1910 by the representatives of the Korean and Japanese Imperial Governments. ...

In order to deal with spies, the Imperial Japanese Army in Karafuto often used local ethnic minorities (Oroks, Nivkhs, and Ainu) in order to conduct intelligence-gathering activities, but the use of Koreans as spies was not common, as the Karafuto police were wary of the support for the independence movement among Koreans. Similar suspicions in the Soviet-controlled northern half of the island led to the 1937 deported Koreans from Sakhalin and the Russian Far East in 1937.^[7] In short, suspicions against Koreans living on Sakhalin were high on both the Soviet and Japanese side. Against this background of mistrust, immediately after the war, in the confusion of the Soviet Invasion, massacres took place against the Koreans. The Imperial Japanese Army (: 大日本帝國陸軍 Shinjitai: 大日本帝国陸軍 Dai-Nippon Teikoku Rikugun) was the official ground based armed force of Japan from 1867 to 1945 when it was Imperial Japan. ... Oroks (Ороки in Russian; self designation: ульта, or ulta) are a people in the Sakhalin Oblast (mainly, eastern part of the island) in Russia. ... The Nivkhs (also Nivkh or Gilyak; ethnonym: Nivxi; language, нивхгу - Nivxgu) are an indigenous people inhabiting the region of the region of the Amur River estuary and on nearby Sakhalin Island. ... For Ainu in J.R.R. Tolkiens fictional universe of Arda, see Ainur. ... The nature of the search for Korean independence under the repressive Japanese occupation period (1890-1945) has a particularly complicated and diverse history. ... The total deportation of Koreans in the Soviet Union, over 172,000 persons, in September-October 1937 from the border regions of the Russian Far East was part of the systematic Stalins policy of population transfer in the Soviet Union. ... Far Eastern Federal District (highlighted in red) Russian Far East (Russian: Д́альний Вост́ок Росс́ии; English transliteration: Dalny Vostok Rossii) is an informal term that refers to the Russian part of the Far East, i. ...

The Soviet Union invaded the Japanese portion of Sakhalin on August 11, 1945, resulting the deaths of 20,000 civilians. In the confusion and terror of the Soviet invasion of Karafuto, a rumour began to spread that ethnic Koreans were spying for the Soviet Union; on this suspicion of spying, many Koreans were massacred by Japanese people. Two examples that are comparatively well-known today are the incident in Kamishisuka (上敷香, near present-day Poronaysk）on August 18, 1945, and the incident in Mizuho Village (瑞穂村, near present-day Kholmsk), which lasted from August 20 to August 23, 1945. In Kamishisuka, on August 17 or August 18, 19 Koreans were taken to the police on suspicions of spying;^[8] of those, 18 were found shot within the police station the next day. The remaining survivor, a Korean known only by his Japanese name Nakata, had survived by hiding in a toilet; he later offered testimony about the event.^[9] In Mizuho Village, where Koreans and Japanese lived and worked side by side, Koreans typically worked as tenant farmers or contract labourers on construction projects, but on August 20, when the Red Army landed at Kholmsk, the danger of war threatened the village; Japanese escaping from north of the Soviet-Japanese line of control, claiming that the Red Army were cooperating with Koreans and that Koreans were pillaging Japanese property; as a result, the Japanese people in Mizuho became resolved to wipe out their neighbours, and over the next three days, 27 Koreans were killed as a result.^[7] In August 1991, the descendants of the victims filed a joint lawsuit in the Tokyo District Court seeking compensation, but the suit was dismissed in July 1995.^{[citation needed]} August 11 is the 223rd day of the year (224th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1945 (MCMVL) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1945 calendar). ... Poronaysk (Russian: ) is a town in Sakhalin Oblast, Russia, located on the Poronay River some 288 km north of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk. ... August 18 is the 230th day of the year (231st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1945 (MCMVL) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1945 calendar). ... Kholmsk is a city in Sakhalin, Russia, administrative center of the Sakhalin Oblast. ... August 20 is the 232nd day of the year (233rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... August 23 is the 235th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (236th in leap years), with 130 days remaining. ... 1945 (MCMVL) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1945 calendar). ... August 17 is the 229th day of the year (230th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... August 18 is the 230th day of the year (231st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... A tenant farmer is one who resides on and farms land owned by a landlord. ... August 20 is the 232nd day of the year (233rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... The short forms Red Army and RKKA refer to the Workers and Peasants Red Army, (in Russian: Рабоче-Крестьянская Красная Армия - Raboche-Krestyanskaya Krasnaya Armiya), the armed forces first organized by the Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War in 1918. ... Kholmsk is a city in Sakhalin, Russia, administrative center of the Sakhalin Oblast. ... Tokyo District Court Tokyo District Court (東京地方裁判所; Tōkyō Chihō Saibansho) is a district court in Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan. ...

In the years after the Soviet invasion, most of the 400,000 Japanese civilians left voluntarily under the auspices of the US-USSR Agreement on Repatriation of those left in the USSR, signed in December 1946. However, out of the 150,000 Koreans on the island, while many were able to return to mainland Japan or the northern half of the Korean peninsula, roughly 43,000 were not accepted for repatriation by Japan, and also could not be repatriated to the southern half of the Korean peninsula due to the political situation;^[5] Stalin also reportedly blocked their departure because he wanted to retain them as coal miners in Sakhalin. For years, the Sakhalin Koreans were a stateless people forced to stay in Sakhalin.^[10] A stateless person is someone with no citizenship or nationality. ...

Post-Stalin era

Due to their greater population density and expectation that they would one day be allowed to return to Korea, the Sakhalin Koreans kept something of a sojourner mentality rather than a settler mentality, which influenced their relation to the surrounding society; even today, they tend to speak much better Korean than those who were deported to Central Asia.^[11] During the 1950s, North Korea demanded that the Sakhalin Koreans be treated as North Korean citizens, even setting up Juche study groups for them (analogous to Chongryon's more successful organization of the Zainichi Koreans); slowly, as relations between the Soviet Union and North Korea deteriorated, this practise came to an end. However, the Sakhalin Koreans continued to be treated as foreigners, forced to apply for permission when they sought to leave the island, and generally blocked from obtaining Soviet citizenship.^[10] Additionally, some of the Sakhalin Koreans had been registered by the Soviet authorities under their Japanese names, which they had adopted under the Japanese colonial-era policy of soushi-kaimei; when they requested to be re-registered under their Korean names, they were refused, and some of them continue to be registered under their Japanese names up until today.^[12] In 1957, Seoul also requested Tokyo's assistance in securing the departure of ethnic Koreans from Sakhalin via Japan; however, Tokyo disregarded the request and blamed their lack of action on Soviet intransigence, while continuing their earlier policy of only granting entrance to Sakhalin Koreans who were married to Japanese citizens, or had a Japanese parent.^[13] The Juche Idea (also Juche Sasang or Chuche; pronounced // in Korean, approximately joo-chey) is the official state ideology of North Korea and the political system based on it. ... The General Association of Korean Residents in Japan (Chae Ilbon Chosŏnin Chongryŏnhaphoe in Korean or Zai-Nihon Chōsenjin Sōrengōkai in Japanese), abbreviated to Chongryon () or Chōsen Sōren (朝鮮総連), is one of two main organisations for Zainichi Koreans (long term Korean residents in Japan... Zainichi (在日) is short for Zainichi Chōsenjin (Koreans/Choson people in Japan, 在日朝鮮人, 재일조선인) or Zainichi Kankokujin (South Koreans in Japan, 在日韓国人, 재일한국인), meaning the Korean residents of Japan. ... Yamada Tarō (), a typical Japanese name (male), equivalent to John Smith in English. ... The Korean name Hong Gildong (a common anonymous name, like John Doe in American English). ...

In the 1970s, the situation of the Sakhalin Koreans began to improve. By this time, only 2,000 more of their population had been able to leave Sakhalin, but the outside world began to pay much more attention to their situation. Park No Hak, a former Sakhalin Korean who had successfully repatriated to Japan by virtue of his having a Japanese wife, petitioned the Japanese government 23 times to discuss the issue of the Sakhalin Koreans with the Soviet government. His actions inspired 500,000 South Koreans to form an organisation to work towards the repatriation of their co-ethnics, which resulted in Seoul beginning radio broadcasts targetted at the Sakhalin Koreans. At the same time, Rei Mihara, a Tokyo housewife, formed a similar pressure group in Japan, and 18 Japanese lawyers attempted to sue the Japanese government to force them to accept responsibility and pay for the transportation of the Sakhalin Koreans back to South Korea.^[14] Additionally, the Soviet government finally began to permit the Sakhalin Koreans to naturalize.^[10] Yet as many as 10% continued to refuse both Soviet and North Korean citizenship, and demanded repatriation to South Korea.^[15]

However, the situation took a turn for the worse during the 1980s. Locally-born Korean youth, increasingly interested in their heritage, were seen as traitors for wanting to know more about their ancestral land. The low point of ethnic relations came after the 1983 crash of Korean Air Flight 007.^[16] Korean Air Lines Flight 007, also known as KAL 007 or KE007, was a Korean Air Lines civilian airliner shot down by Soviet jet interceptors on September 1, 1983 just west of Sakhalin island. ...

Modern status

Relations with North and South Korea

In recent years, commerce, communication, and direct flights have opened up between Sakhalin and South Korea, and North and South Korea openly vie for influence among the Sakhalin Koreans. Television and radio programmes from both North ^[17] and South Korea, as well as local programming, are broadcast on Sakhalin Korean Broadcasting, the only Korean television station in all of Russia.^[18] North Korea continues to negotiate with Russia for closer economic relations with Sakhalin,^[19] and recently sponsored an art show in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk.^[20] They have also permitted delegations of Sakhalin Koreans to visit relatives in North Korea.^[16] Scholarly studies suggest that roughly 1,000 Sakhalin Koreans have opted to repatriate to North Korea, but the rise of the South Korean economy combined with the ongoing economic crisis in the North have made this option less attractive.^[21] On the flip side of the coin, Sakhalin Koreans have been observed to be very willing to assist refugees fleeing North Korea, either those who illegally escaped across the border, or those who escaped North Korean labour camps in Russia itself.^[11] Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk (Ю́жно-Сахали́нск) is a city in Sakhalin, Russia, administrative center of the Sakhalin Oblast. ...

South Korea, for their part, have, along with Japan, funded the building of a nursing home in Ansan, a suburb of Seoul, and under the auspices of the Korean Red Cross, 1,544 elderly Koreans had settled there by the end of 2002, while another 14,122 had travelled to South Korea on short-term visits at Japanese government expense.^[22] South Korean investors also participate in the international tenders for the right to develop the Sakhalin Shelf and also to participate in works contracts, as they are extremely interested in the potential supply of liquefied natural gas. South Korean missionaries have opened several active churches, and South Koreans comprise the majority of international students at the Sakhalin State University. ^[16] The Korean Residents' Association on Sakhalin, an ethnic representative body, is generally described as being pro-South Korean, analogous to Japan's Mindan.^[23] Ansan is a city in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. ... This article or section contains information that has not been verified and thus might not be reliable. ... The Anarchist Black Cross was originally called the Anarchist Red Cross. The band Redd Kross was originally called Red Cross. This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... 2002 is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Liquefied natural gas or LNG is natural gas that has been processed to remove impurities and heavy hydrocarbons and then condensed into a liquid at atmospheric pressure by cooling it to approximately -163 degrees Celsius. ... International students are students, usually in early adulthood, who study in foreign schools. ... Mindan, or the Korean Residents Union in Japan(Korean: 재일본대한민국민단, Hanja: 在日本大韓民國民團), is the name of an organization for South Koreans living in Japan, which has ties to South Korea. ...

Of the Koreans who remain on Sakhalin, roughly 7,000 are first-generation, with the other 36,000 being locally-born.^[17] However, with the economic rise in the region and the integration of younger Koreans into Sakhalin society, many Koreans are opting to stay in Sakhalin, as they have come to consider it their home. Those who chose to remain have still benefitted from increased trade with South Korea, using their family connections to make business contacts in South Korea and import foodstuffs and other products, and they are reported to be economically better-off than the average resident of Sakhalin.^[24] Despite this income gap, ethnic relations generally are not described as being a problem on Sakhalin, but Sakhalin Koreans who have travelled to the mainland of Russia, or relocated there (a population of roughly 10,000^[21]), report that they have encountered various forms of racism.^[25] In addition to the elderly, a few younger Koreans have also chosen to move to South Korea, either to find their roots, or for economic reaons, as wages in South Korea are as much as three times those in Sakhalin. However, upon arrival, they often find that they are viewed as foreigners by the South Korean locals, despite their previous exposure to Korean culture in Sakhalin. As one returnee put it, "Sakhalin Koreans live in a different world than Sakhalin Russians but that world isn’t Korea".^[26] Of the 1,542 Koreans who have so far repatriated to South Korea, nearly 10% eventually returned to Sakhalin.^[21] April 1984 cover of Newsweek featuring an article on the success of Asian American students Model minority refers to a minority ethnic, racial, or religious group whose members achieve a higher degree of success than the population average. ...

Relations with Japan

On April 18, 1990, Taro Nakayama, Japan's Minister for Foreign Affairs, stated: April 18 is the 108th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (109th in leap years). ... The Minister for Foreign Affairs of Japan is the politician responsible for Japanese foreign policy. ...

"Japan is deeply sorry for the tragedy in which these (Korean) people were moved to Sakhalin not of their own free will but by the design of the Japanese government and had to remain there after the conclusion of the war".^[27]

This statement marked the beginning of a greater willingness by Japan to take concrete steps to provide redress for Sakhalin Koreans. Later, Japan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs also allotted 500 million yen to build a cultural centre, which will feature a library, an exhibition hall, Korean language classrooms and other facilities, but construction has been plagued by delays, causing protests among thet Sakhalin Koreans.^[23]

Prominent Sakhalin Koreans

• Park Hae Yong, head of the Korean Residents' Association on Sakhalin^[23]
• Kim Chun Ja, editor in chief of Sakhalin Korean Broadcasting^[18]
• Yi Hoe-seong, Zainichi Korean author, born in Karafuto and later repatriated to Japan (see Japanese Wikipedia article)

References

2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 20 is the 324th day of the year (325th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... German Nikolaevich Kim (Russian: Герман Николаевич Ким) is Head of the Department of Korean Studies at Al-Farabi University, Kazakhstan and one of the leading internationally-recognised scholars of the Koryo-saram. ... Al-Farabi Kazakh National University (Kazakh: ), often shortened to Al-Farabi University, is a university in Almaty, Kazakhstan. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 26 is the 330th day (331st on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... German Nikolaevich Kim (Russian: Герман Николаевич Ким) is Head of the Department of Korean Studies at Al-Farabi University, Kazakhstan and one of the leading internationally-recognised scholars of the Koryo-saram. ... Al-Farabi Kazakh National University (Kazakh: ), often shortened to Al-Farabi University, is a university in Almaty, Kazakhstan. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 26 is the 330th day (331st on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a permanent identifier (permalink) given to a World Wide Web file or other Internet document so that if its Internet address changes, users will be redirected to its new address. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 27 is the 331st day (332nd on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 26 is the 330th day (331st on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 27 is the 331st day (332nd on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 27 is the 331st day (332nd on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 26 is the 330th day (331st on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 27 is the 331st day (332nd on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 27 is the 331st day (332nd on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 27 is the 331st day (332nd on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... (Clockwise from upper left) Time magazine covers from May 7, 1945; July 25, 1969; December 31, 1999; September 14, 2001; and April 21, 2003. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 27 is the 331st day (332nd on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 26 is the 330th day (331st on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 26 is the 330th day (331st on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 26 is the 330th day (331st on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 26 is the 330th day (331st on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 26 is the 330th day (331st on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... PDF is an abbreviation with several meanings: Portable Document Format Post-doctoral fellowship Probability density function There also is an electronic design automation company named PDF Solutions. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 27 is the 331st day (332nd on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... A news release, press release or press statement is a written or recorded communication directed at members of the news media for the purpose of announcing something claimed as having news value. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 26 is the 330th day (331st on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 26 is the 330th day (331st on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ... September 2 is the 245th day of the year (246th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... July 7 is the 188th day of the year (189th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 177 days remaining. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 27 is the 331st day (332nd on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 27 is the 331st day (332nd on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 26 is the 330th day (331st on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...

See also

• Zainichi Koreans
• Korean American

Zainichi (在日) is short for Zainichi Chōsenjin (Koreans/Choson people in Japan, 在日朝鮮人, 재일조선인) or Zainichi Kankokujin (South Koreans in Japan, 在日韓国人, 재일한국인), meaning the Korean residents of Japan. ... A Korean American is a person of Korean ancestry who was either born in or is an immigrant to the United States. ...

External links

• Sakhalin Korean Broadcasting (사할린 우리말 방송국)
• A Forgotten People: The Sakhalin Koreans (documentary)