Sakurajima
Landsat satellite image of Sakurajima volcano
Elevation	1,117 metres (3,665 ft)
Location	Kyūshū, Japan
Coordinates	31°35′N, 130°39′E
Type	Stratovolcano
Last eruption	2008

Sakurajima (桜島, Sakurajima^?) is an active volcano and a former island (now connected to the mainland) of the same name in Kagoshima Prefecture in Kyūshū, Japan. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (800x753, 85 KB)Sakurajima volcano, Japan, imaged by Landsat satellite. ... The Landsat program is the longest running enterprise for acqusition of imagery of Earth from space. ... A topographical summit is a point on a surface which is higher in elevation than all points immediately adjacent to it. ... This article is about the unit of length. ... A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ... Mountains can be characterized in several ways. ... A cutaway diagram of a stratovolcano Mount St. ... Cleveland Volcano in the Aleutian Islands of Alaska photographed from the International Space Station For other uses, see Volcano (disambiguation). ... Cleveland Volcano in the Aleutian Islands of Alaska photographed from the International Space Station For other uses, see Volcano (disambiguation). ... Kagoshima Prefecture ) is located on KyÅ«shÅ« island, Japan. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

It is a stratovolcano with the summit split into three peaks, Kitadake (northern peak), Nakadake (central peak) and Minamidake (southern peak) which is active now. The surface of the island is about 77 km². A cutaway diagram of a stratovolcano Mount St. ... A summit is: Summit (topography), a point higher than all the ground immediately surrounding it; the highest point of a hill or mountain Route summit, the highest point on a transportation route crossing high ground Summit (meeting), a meeting of heads of state or other leaders Summit may also refer... Categories: Stub ...

Its North Peak (北岳, Kitadake^?) is Sakurajima's highest peak, rising to 1,117 metres above sea level. The mountain is located in a part of Kagoshima Bay known as Kinkō Bay (錦江湾, Kinkōwan^?). The former island is part of the city of Kagoshima. For considerations of sea level change, in particular rise associated with possible global warming, see sea level rise. ... This article is about the Japanese municipality system. ... Kagoshima (鹿児島市; -shi) is the capital city of Kagoshima Prefecture at the southwest tip of the Kyushu island of Japan. ...

In 1914, a great eruption occurred, burying the straits with lava, thus connecting the former island to the Osumi Peninsula, so that Sakurajima is no longer an island. The volcanic activity still continues, dropping large amounts of volcanic ash on the surroundings. Earlier eruptions built the white sands highlands in the region. Look up lava, Aa, pahoehoe in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Satellite image of Osumi Peninsula The Osumi Peninsula (大隅半島, Ōsumi Hantō) projects south from the Japanese island of Kyushu and includes the southernmost point on the island, Cape Sata. ... Ash plume from Mt Cleveland, a stratovolcano Diamond Head, a well-known backdrop to Waikiki in Hawaii, is an ash cone that solidified into tuff Volcanic ash consists of very fine rock and mineral particles less than 2 mm in diameter that are ejected from a volcanic vent. ...

Geological history

Sakurajima is located in the Aira caldera, formed in an enormous eruption 22,000 years ago.^[1] Several hundred cubic kilometres of ash and pumice were ejected, causing the magma chamber underneath the erupting vents to collapse. The resulting caldera is over 20 kilometers across.^[1] It lies about 8 kilometers south of the centre of the caldera. Its first eruption in recorded history occurred in 963 AD.^[2] Most of its eruptions are strombolian,^[2] affecting only the summit areas, but larger plinian eruptions have occurred in 1471-1476, 1779-1782 and 1914.^[3] Aira Caldera is a supervolcanic caldera in the south of the island of Kyūshū, Japan. ... A cubic kilometre (symbol km³) is an SI derived unit of volume. ... Ash plume from Mt Cleveland, a stratovolcano Diamond Head, a well-known backdrop to Waikiki in Hawaii, is an ash cone that solidified into tuff Volcanic ash consists of very fine rock and mineral particles less than 2 mm in diameter that are ejected from a volcanic vent. ... Specimen of highly porous pumice from Teide volcano on Tenerife, Canary Islands. ... A magma chamber is a chamber typically between 1 km and 10 km beneath the surface of the Earth formed as rising magma forms a reservoir if it is unable to rise any further. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Strombolian activity. ... Eruption of Vesuvius in 1822. ...

Volcanic activity at Kitadake ended around 4900 years ago: subsequent eruptions have been centered on Minamidake.^[4]

1914 eruption

Sakurajima

The 1914 eruption has been the most powerful in the Japanese twentieth century, and during the eruption lava flows filled in the narrow strait between the island and the mainland, converting it into a peninsula. Before 1914, the volcano had been dormant for over a century.^[1] The eruption began on 11 January 1914. Almost all residents had left the island in the previous days, in response to several large earthquakes which warned them that an eruption was imminent. Initially, the eruption had been very explosive, generating eruption columns and pyroclastic flows, but after a very large earthquake on 13 January 1914 which killed 35 people, it became effusive, generating a large lava flow.^[1] Image File history File links SakurajimaVolcano. ... Image File history File links SakurajimaVolcano. ... In computer programming jargon, lava flow is a problem in which computer code, usually written under less than optimal conditions, is put into production and then built on when still in a developmental state. ... is the 11th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... This article is about the natural seismic phenomenon. ... Eruption column over Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines An eruption column consists of hot volcanic ash emitted during an explosive volcanic eruption. ... Pyroclastic flows sweep down the flanks of Mayon Volcano, Philippines, in 1984 A pyroclastic flow (also known as a pyroclastic density current) is a common and devastating result of some volcanic eruptions. ... is the 13th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

Sakurajima ferry

Lava flows are rare in Japan-the high silica content of the magmas there mean that explosive eruptions are far more common.^[5] But the lava flows at Sakurajima continued for months.^[1] The island grew, engulfing several smaller islands nearby, and eventually becoming connected to the mainland by a narrow isthmus. Parts of the Kagoshima bay became significantly shallower, and tides were affected, becoming higher as a result.^[1] Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2048 × 1536 pixel, file size: 501 KiB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Sakurajima Metadata This file contains additional... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2048 × 1536 pixel, file size: 501 KiB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Sakurajima Metadata This file contains additional... The chemical compound silicon dioxide, also known as silica, is the oxide of silicon, chemical formula SiO2. ... Magma is molten rock located beneath the surface of the Earth (or any other terrestrial planet), and which often collects in a magma chamber. ... Kagoshima (鹿児島市; -shi) the capital city of Kagoshima Prefecture at the southwest tip of the Kyushu island of Japan. ...

During the final stages of the eruption, the centre of the Aira Caldera sank by about 60 cm (two feet), due to subsidence caused by the emptying out of the underlying magma chamber.^[1] The fact that the subsidence occurred at the centre of the caldera rather than directly underneath Sakurajima showed that the volcano draws its magma from the same reservoir that fed the ancient caldera-forming eruption.^[1] A road destroyed by subsidence and shear. ...

Current activity

Space radar image of Sakurajima. The volcano lies within the bay formed by the Aira caldera

The volcano resumed activity in 1955, and has been erupting almost constantly ever since. Thousands of small explosions occur each year, throwing ash to heights of up to a few kilometers above the mountain. The Sakurajima Volcano Observatory was set up in 1960 to monitor these eruptions.^[2] Image File history File links Download high resolution version (518x642, 114 KB)Sakura-Jima volcano from space image description here larger version here Image courtesy: NASA/JPL-Caltech File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (518x642, 114 KB)Sakura-Jima volcano from space image description here larger version here Image courtesy: NASA/JPL-Caltech File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...

Monitoring of the volcano and predictions of large eruptions are particularly important because of its location in a densely populated area, with the city of Kagoshima's 6800,000 residents just a few kilometers from the volcano. The city conducts regular evacuation drills, and a number of shelters have been built where people can take refuge from falling volcanic debris.^[6] Population density per square kilometre by country, 2006 Population density map of the world in 1994. ...

In light of the dangers it presents to nearby populations, Sakurajima was designated a Decade Volcano in 1991, identifying it as worthy of particular study as part of the United Nations' International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction.^[7] A map showing locations of the 16 Decade Volcanoes The Decade Volcanoes are 16 volcanoes identified by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earths Interior (IAVCEI) as being worthy of particular study in light of their history of large, destructive eruptions and proximity to populated areas. ... UN redirects here. ...

Sakurajima is part of the Kirishima-Yaku National Park, and its lava flows are a major tourist attraction. The area around Sakurajima contains several hot spring resorts. One of the main agricultural products of Sakurajima is a huge basketball-sized white radish (sakuradaikon).^[8]

References

Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 215th day of the year (216th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 215th day of the year (216th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 215th day of the year (216th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Smithsonian Institution Building or Castle on the National Mall serves as the Institutions headquarters. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 216th day of the year (217th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 218th day of the year (219th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 218th day of the year (219th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 218th day of the year (219th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 218th day of the year (219th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Further Reading

• Aramaki S. (1984), Formation of the Aira Caldera, Southern Kyūshū, ~22,000 years ago, Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 89, issue B10, p. 8485.

Journal of Geophysical Research is a publication of the American Geophysical Union. ...

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Sakurajima

• Sakurajima Volcano Research Centre
• VolcanoWorld article about the 1914 eruption
• Smithsonian Institution Global Volcanism Program: Sakurajima
• Photos of the Island, volcano and hot springs