The salchow is a figure skating jump with a takeoff from a back inside edge and landing on the back outside edge of the opposite foot after one or more rotations in the air. It was invented by Ulrich Salchow in 1909. Figure skating is an ice skating sporting event where individuals, mixed couples, or groups perform spins, jumps, and other moves on the ice, often to music. ... Karl Emil Julius Ulrich Salchow (August 7, 1877-April 19, 1949) was a Swedish figure skater, who dominated the sport in the first decade of the 20th century. ...

Salchow technique

Entry to a triple salchow jump. The free leg extends behind (top), then swings around with a scooping motion (bottom).

The salchow is normally approached from a forward outside 3 turn, on the left foot for a counterclockwise jump. On the left back inside edge after the turn, the skater checks the rotation momentarily with the right foot extended behind, then initiates the jump by swinging the right leg forward and around with a wide scooping motion. The rotational momentum for the jump is gained by the swinging movement of the free leg and the coordination of the free leg and arms at the point of takeoff. Jump to: navigation, search Image File history File links Salchow-jump-entry. ... Jump to: navigation, search Image File history File links Salchow-jump-entry. ... A 3 turn is a figure skating element which involves both a change in direction and a change in edge. ...

The salchow can alternately be entered from an inside mohawk turn or from back crossovers. As an edge jump, it is usually performed on a circular pattern instead of from a straight-line approach. A Mohawk is a turn in figure skating that involves a change of foot but not a change of edge. ...

Occasionally, the salchow is performed as the second or third jump in a jump combination, following a one-foot axel or half loop, which land on a back inside edge. Jump to: navigation, search Tonya Harding performs a triple axel jump at the 1991 U.S. Figure Skating Championships. ... Loop (in Europe called also Rittberger) is one of the figure skating jumps that takes off from a right back outside edge and land on the same edge. ...

The mechanics of a single salchow are quite similar to those of the waltz jump, the half-rotation jump from a forward outside edge. The salchow is therefore usually the first full-rotation jump taught to beginning figure skaters. It teaches the skater to check her turn and how to jump off the edge rather than the toe pick. Tonya Harding performs a triple axel jump at the 1991 U.S. Figure Skating Championships. ...

An alternate technique used by some skaters on the takeoff for multi-rotation salchow jumps is to allow the free foot (the right foot for a counterclockwise jumper) to rest on the ice while bringing it around to the front, instead of using the scooping motion. Sometimes this is merely the result a deep knee bend on the takeoff leg. While salchows performed with this technique have been ratified by the International Skating Union in recent years, some skating purists object to it because in some cases it is clear that the skater is gaining material assist into the jump from pushing off the supposed "free foot", instead of merely skimming it over the ice. For example, Sonia Bianchetti, former chair of the ISU Technical Committee, has referred to the two-footed salchow entry as "a severe error for which a steep deduction had to be applied by the judges". The two-footed salchow entry is also confusing to spectators because the resulting jump can more strongly resemble a loop jump or toe loop jump than a traditional salchow. The International Skating Union (ISU) is the international governing body for competitive ice skating disciplines, including figure skating, synchronized skating, speed skating, and short track speed skating. ... Loop (in Europe called also Rittberger) is one of the figure skating jumps that takes off from a right back outside edge and land on the same edge. ... The toe loop is one of the simplest jumps in figure skating. ...

Salchow history

Ulrich Salchow invented the jump that bears his name in 1909. Theresa Weld was the first female skater to perform it, at the 1920 Summer Olympics; she was reprimanded for attempting anything so "unladylike", but that did not stop other female skaters from performing jumps. Karl Emil Julius Ulrich Salchow (August 7, 1877-April 19, 1949) was a Swedish figure skater, who dominated the sport in the first decade of the 20th century. ... 1909 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... The Games of the VII Olympiad were held in 1920 in Antwerp, Belgium. ...

Double salchows were first performed by Gillis Grafstrom in the 1920's, and Cecelia Colledge in the late 1930's.

The first triple salchow was landed by Ronnie Robertson at the 1955 World Figure Skating Championships. The first by a woman was by Petra Burka at the 1962 Canadian Championships; the latter was also the first triple jump of any kind landed by a woman. Jump to: navigation, search 1955 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... World Figure Skating Championships: Mens singles winners: 1896 - Gilbert Fuchs, (Germany) 1897 - Gustav Hugel, (Austria) 1898 - Henning Grenander, (Sweden) 1899 - Gustav Hugel, (Austria) 1900 - Gustav Hugel, (Austria) 1901 - Ulrich Salchow, (Sweden) 1902 - Ulrich Salchow, (Sweden) 1903 - Ulrich Salchow, (Sweden) 1904 - Ulrich Salchow, (Sweden) 1905 - Ulrich Salchow, (Sweden) 1906 - Gilbert... Petra Burka is a former World Champion Figure Skater and now coach. ... Jump to: navigation, search 1962 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Timothy Goebel is recognized to have landed the first quadruple salchow at the 1998 Junior Grand Prix Series Final. Goebel's jump, however, used the aforementioned controversial two-footed salchow technique. The first successful quadruple salchow in competition with an indisputably clean takeoff was probably that by Chengjiang Li at the 2001 ISU Four Continents Championships. The first (and, so far, only) female skater to have landed a quadruple salchow in competition was Miki Ando at the 2002 Junior Grand Prix Final. Timothy Richard Goebel was born on September 10, 1980 in Evanston, Illinois, son of Ginny and Rick Goebel. ... Jump to: navigation, search 1998 is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year of the Ocean. ... Jump to: navigation, search 2001: A Space Odyssey. ... Miki Ando (安藤美姫, Andō Miki, born on December 18, 1987) is a Japanese figure skater. ... Jump to: navigation, search 2002(MMII) is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Usage note

Ulrich Salchow's surname was reportedly pronounced "sal-kov", but the name of the jump is invariably pronounced as either "sal-kow" (in North America) or "sal-koh" (in Europe).

Skaters sometimes abbreviate the name of the salchow to either sal or sow.

References

• Sonia Bianchetti Garbato: Cracked Ice. ISBN 88-86753-72-1.

External links

• http://www.sk8stuff.com/f_recog/recog_j_salchow.htm
• http://dede.essortment.com/salchow_rhka.htm