The Salyut (Russian: Салют, Salute or Firework) program was a series of space stations launched by the Soviet Union in the 1970s. The Salyuts were all relatively simple structures consisting of a single main module placed into orbit in a single launch. The program was originally designated the DOS 7-K program, with each Salyut station receiving a designation. A space station is an artificial structure designed for humans to live in outer space. ... The 1970s decade refers to the years from 1970 to 1979, inclusive. ... In physics, an orbit is the path that an object makes, around another object, whilst under the influence of a source of centripetal force, such as gravity. ...

Salyut 3 and its Proton booster on the launch pad

Salyut 1 (DOS 1) was launched April 19, 1971. It was the first space station ever orbited. Its first crew launched in Soyuz 10 but was unable to board it due to a failure in the docking mechanism; its second crew launched in Soyuz 11 and remained on board for 23 productive days. Unfortunately, a pressure-equalization valve in the Soyuz 11 reentry capsule opened prematurely when the crew returned to Earth, killing all three. Salyut 1 reentered Earth's atmosphere October 11, 1971. Salyut 3 and its proton booster on the launch pad. ... Salyut 3 was launched on June 25, 1974. ... The Proton rocket (formal designation: UR-500) is a Russian unmanned space vehicle design first launched in 1965 and still in use as of 2003. ... A launch pad is designed and built to meet a launch vehicles special needs and requirements. ... Salyut 1 (DOS 1) was the first Salyut space station, and the first human-made space station of any kind. ... April 19 is the 109th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (110th in leap years). ... 1971 (MCMLXXI) is a common year starting on Friday (click for link to calendar). ... Soyuz 10 was the first planned visit to the worlds first space station, Salyut 1, which had been successfully placed in orbit on April 19, 1971. ... Soyuz 11 was the second attempted but first successful visit to the worlds first space station, Salyut 1. ... October 11 is the 284th day of the year (285th in leap years). ...

Salyut 2 was launched April 3, 1973. It was not really a part of the same program as the other Salyut stations, instead being the highly classified prototype military space station Almaz. It was given the designation Salyut 2 to conceal its true nature. Despite its successful launch, within two days the as-yet-unmanned Salyut 2 began losing pressure and its flight control failed; the cause of the failure was likely due to shrapnel piercing the station when the discarded Proton rocket upper stage that had placed it in orbit later exploded nearby. Salyut 2 was launched April 4, 1973. ... April 3 is the 93rd day of the year (94th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 272 days remaining. ... 1973 (MCMLXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday. ... The Almaz (Алмаз - Diamond) program was a series of military space stations launched by the Soviet Union under cover of the Salyut program. ...

The Salyut space station that Almaz had substituted for, designated DOS 3, was launched on May 11, 1973, three days before the launch of Skylab. Due to errors in the flight control system while out of the range of ground control, the station fired its orbit-correction engines until it consumed all of its fuel. Since the spacecraft was already in orbit and had been registered by Western radar, the Soviets disguised the launch as "Cosmos 557" and quietly allowed it to reenter Earth's atmosphere and burn up a week later. It was revealed to have been a Salyut station only much later. May 11 is the 131st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (132nd in leap years). ... Drawing of Skylab with components labelled Skylab was the first space station the United States launched into orbit. ...

Salyut 3 was launched on June 25, 1974. It was another Almaz military space station, this one launched successfully. It tested a wide variety of reconnaissance sensors, returning a canister of film for analysis. On January 24, 1975 trials of the on-board 23mm Nudelmann aircraft cannon (other sources say it was a Nudelmann NR-30 30mm gun) were conducted with positive results at ranges from 3000 m to 500 m. Cosmonauts have confirmed that a target satellite was destroyed in the test. The next day, the station was ordered to deorbit. Only one of the three intended crews successfully boarded and manned the station, brought by Soyuz 14; Soyuz 15 attempted to bring a second crew but failed to dock. Nevertheless, Salyut 3 was an overall success. Salyut 3 was launched on June 25, 1974. ... June 25 is the 176th day of the year (177th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 189 days remaining. ... 1974 (MCMLXXIV) is a common year starting on Tuesday (click on link for calendar). ... January 24 is the 24th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1975 calendar). ... Crew Yuri Artyukhin (1) Pavel Popovich (2) Mission Parameters Mass: 6,800 kg Perigee: 195 km Apogee: 217 km Inclination: 51. ... Soyuz 15 was a human spaceflight mission of the Soviet Union. ...

Salyut 4 (DOS 4) was launched on December 26, 1974. It was essentially a copy of the DOS 3, and unlike its ill-fated sibling it was a complete success. Three crews made stays aboard Salyut 4 (Soyuz 17, Soyuz 18 and Soyuz 21), including one of 63 days duration, and an unmanned Soyuz capsule remained docked to the station for three months, proving the systems' long-term durability. Salyut 4 was deorbited February 3, 1977. Salyut 4 (DOS 4) was a Salyut space station launched on December 26, 1974 into an orbit with an apogee of 355 km, a perigee of 343 km and an orbital inclination of 51. ... December 26 is the 360th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, 361st in leap years. ... 1974 (MCMLXXIV) is a common year starting on Tuesday (click on link for calendar). ... Crew Georgi Grechko (1) Aleksei Gubarev (1) Mission Parameters Mass: 6800 kg Perigee: 185 km Apogee: 249 km Inclination: 51. ... Soyuz 18, of the Soyuz spacecraft series, brought cosmonauts Pyotr Klimuk and Vitali Sevastyanov to the Salyut 4 space station where they remained in orbit for 63 days. ... Crew Boris Volynov (2) Vitali Zholobov (1) (1) number of spaceflights each crew member has completed, including this mission. ... February 3 is the 34th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... For the album by Ash, see 1977 (album). ...

Salyut 5 was launched on June 22, 1976. It was the third and last Almaz military space station. Its launch and subsequent mission were both completed successfully, with three crews launching and two (Soyuz 21 and Soyuz 24) successfully boarding the craft for lengthy stays (the second crew on Soyuz 23 was unable to dock and had to abort). Salyut 5 reentered on August 8, 1977. Salyut 5 was launched on June 22, 1976 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome aboard a Proton 8K82K rocket. ... June 22 is the 173rd day of the year (174th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 192 days remaining. ... 1976 (MCMLXXVI) is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... Crew Boris Volynov (2) Vitali Zholobov (1) (1) number of spaceflights each crew member has completed, including this mission. ... Crew Viktor Gorbatko (2) Yuri Glazkov (1) Mission Parameters Mass: 6800 kg Perigee: 184. ... Soyuz 23 was intended to carry cosmonauts Vyacheslav Zudov and Valeri Rozhdestvenski to the Salyut 5 space station, presumably on an Almaz military mission. ... August 8 is the 220th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (221st in leap years), with 145 days remaining. ... For the album by Ash, see 1977 (album). ...

Salyut 6 was launched on September 29, 1977. Although it resembled the previous Salyut stations in overall design, it featured several revolutionary advances including a second docking port where an unmanned Progress cargo spacecraft could dock and refuel the station. From 1977 until 1982 Salyut 6 was visited by five long-duration crews and 11 short-term crews, including cosmonauts from Warsaw Pact countries. The very first long-duration crew on Salyut 6 broke a record set onboard Skylab, staying 96 days in orbit. The longest flight onboard Salyut 6 lasted 185 days. The fourth Salyut 6 expedition deployed a 10-meter radio-telescope antenna delivered by a cargo ship. After Salyut 6 manned operations were discontinued in 1981, a heavy unmanned spacecraft called TKS and developed using hardware left from the canceled Almaz program was docked to the station as a hardware test. Salyut 6 was deorbited July 29, 1982. Salyut 6 was a Soviet space station launched on September 29, 1977. ... September 29 is the 272nd day of the year (273rd in leap years). ... For the album by Ash, see 1977 (album). ... ISS Progress cargo spacecraft (NASA) The Progress is an expendable unmanned freighter spacecraft; it was derived from the Soyuz spacecraft, and is launched with the Soyuz launch vehicle. ... Seal of the Warsaw Pact Distinguish from the Warsaw Convention, which is an agreement among airlines about financial liability. ... Drawing of Skylab with components labelled Skylab was the first space station the United States launched into orbit. ... July 29 is the 210th day (211th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 155 days remaining. ... 1982 (MCMLXXXII) is a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Salyut 7 was launched on April 19, 1982. It was the back-up vehicle for Salyut 6 and very similar in equipment and capabilities, though several more advanced features were included. It was aloft for four years and two months, during which time it was visited by 10 crews constituting 6 main expeditions and 4 secondary flights (including French and Indian cosmonauts). Aside from the many experiments and observations made on Salyut 7, the station also tested the docking and use of large modules with an orbiting space station. The modules were called "Heavy Cosmos modules." They helped engineers develop technology necessary to build Mir. Salyut 7 deorbited on February 7, 1991. Salyut 7 was launched on April 19, 1982, the last of the Salyut space station program. ... April 19 is the 109th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (110th in leap years). ... 1982 (MCMLXXXII) is a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... MIR is a TLA that could mean: Mail-in rebate Medical Inspection Room - the place for sick parade in most British and Commonwealth militaries and many NGOs. ... February 7 is the 38th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1991 (MCMXCI) is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

List of Soviet / Russian space stations

Salyut 1 (DOS 1) was the first Salyut space station, and the first human-made space station of any kind. ... April 19 is the 109th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (110th in leap years). ... 1971 (MCMLXXI) is a common year starting on Friday (click for link to calendar). ... October 11 is the 284th day of the year (285th in leap years). ... 1971 (MCMLXXI) is a common year starting on Friday (click for link to calendar). ... Salyut 2 was launched April 4, 1973. ... April 4 is the 94th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (95th in leap years). ... 1973 (MCMLXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday. ... May 28 is the 148th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (149th in leap years). ... 1973 (MCMLXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday. ... Salyut 3 was launched on June 25, 1974. ... June 25 is the 176th day of the year (177th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 189 days remaining. ... 1974 (MCMLXXIV) is a common year starting on Tuesday (click on link for calendar). ... January 24 is the 24th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1975 calendar). ... Salyut 4 (DOS 4) was a Salyut space station launched on December 26, 1974 into an orbit with an apogee of 355 km, a perigee of 343 km and an orbital inclination of 51. ... December 26 is the 360th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, 361st in leap years. ... 1974 (MCMLXXIV) is a common year starting on Tuesday (click on link for calendar). ... February 3 is the 34th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... For the album by Ash, see 1977 (album). ... Salyut 5 was launched on June 22, 1976 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome aboard a Proton 8K82K rocket. ... June 22 is the 173rd day of the year (174th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 192 days remaining. ... 1976 (MCMLXXVI) is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... August 8 is the 220th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (221st in leap years), with 145 days remaining. ... For the album by Ash, see 1977 (album). ... Salyut 6 was a Soviet space station launched on September 29, 1977. ... September 29 is the 272nd day of the year (273rd in leap years). ... For the album by Ash, see 1977 (album). ... July 29 is the 210th day (211th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 155 days remaining. ... 1982 (MCMLXXXII) is a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Salyut 7 was launched on April 19, 1982, the last of the Salyut space station program. ... April 19 is the 109th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (110th in leap years). ... 1982 (MCMLXXXII) is a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... February 7 is the 38th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1991 (MCMXCI) is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... MIR is a TLA that could mean: Mail-in rebate Medical Inspection Room - the place for sick parade in most British and Commonwealth militaries and many NGOs. ... February 19 is the 50th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... March 23 is the 82nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (83rd in Leap years). ... 2001: A Space Odyssey. ...

See also

• Salyut 1
• Salyut 2
• Salyut 3
• Salyut 4
• Salyut 5
• Salyut 6
• Salyut 7
• Mir
• Skylab
• International Space Station
• Space station for statistics of occupied space stations

Salyut 1 (DOS 1) was the first Salyut space station, and the first human-made space station of any kind. ... Salyut 2 was launched April 4, 1973. ... Salyut 3 was launched on June 25, 1974. ... Salyut 4 (DOS 4) was a Salyut space station launched on December 26, 1974 into an orbit with an apogee of 355 km, a perigee of 343 km and an orbital inclination of 51. ... Salyut 5 was launched on June 22, 1976 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome aboard a Proton 8K82K rocket. ... Salyut 6 was a Soviet space station launched on September 29, 1977. ... Salyut 7 was launched on April 19, 1982, the last of the Salyut space station program. ... MIR is a TLA that could mean: Mail-in rebate Medical Inspection Room - the place for sick parade in most British and Commonwealth militaries and many NGOs. ... Drawing of Skylab with components labelled Skylab was the first space station the United States launched into orbit. ... ISS Statistics Crew: 2 As of August 21, 2005 Perigee: 352. ... A space station is an artificial structure designed for humans to live in outer space. ...

External links

• Soviet Space Stations as Analogs - NASA report (PDF format)