Salyut 1

Mission Insignia
Mission Statistics
Mission Name:	Salyut 1
Call Sign:	Salyut
Launch:	April 19, 1971 01:40:00 UTC Baikonur, U.S.S.R
Reentry:	October 11, 1971
Crews:	1
Occupied:	24 days
In Orbit:	175 days
Number of Orbits:	2,929
Apogee:	138 mi (222 km)
Perigee:	124 mi (200 km)
Period:	88.5 min
Inclination	51.6 deg
Distance Traveled:	~73,696,192 mi (~118,602,524 km)
Orbital Mass:	18,425 kg
Salyut 1

Salyut 1 (DOS 1) was the first Salyut space station, and the first human-made space station of any kind. It was launched April 19, 1971. Its first crew launched in Soyuz 10 but was unable to board it due to a failure in the docking mechanism; its second crew launched in Soyuz 11 and remained on board for 23 productive days. Unfortunately, a pressure-equalization valve in the Soyuz 11 reentry capsule opened prematurely when the crew returned to Earth, killing all three. Salyut 1 reentered Earth's atmosphere October 11, 1971. Salyut insignia. ... April 19 is the 109th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (110th in leap years). ... 1971 (MCMLXXI) is a common year starting on Friday (click for link to calendar). ... UTC also stands for the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga Coordinated Universal Time or UTC, also sometimes referred to as Zulu time, the basis for civil time, differs by an integral number of seconds from atomic time and a fractional number of seconds from UT1. ... October 11 is the 284th day of the year (285th in leap years). ... 1971 (MCMLXXI) is a common year starting on Friday (click for link to calendar). ... The Salyut (Russian: Салют, Salute or Firework) program was a series of space stations launched by the Soviet Union in the 1970s. ... A space station is an artificial structure designed for humans to live in outer space. ... April 19 is the 109th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (110th in leap years). ... 1971 (MCMLXXI) is a common year starting on Friday (click for link to calendar). ... Soyuz 10 was the first planned visit to the worlds first space station, Salyut 1, which had been successfully placed in orbit on April 19, 1971. ... Soyuz 11 was the second attempted but first successful visit to the worlds first space station, Salyut 1. ... October 11 is the 284th day of the year (285th in leap years). ... 1971 (MCMLXXI) is a common year starting on Friday (click for link to calendar). ...

Specifications

• Length - 15.8 m
• Maximum diameter - 4.15 m
• Habitable volume - 90 m³
• Weight at launch - 18,900 kg
• Launch vehicle - Proton (three-stage)
• Span across solar arrays - about 10 m
• Area of solar arrays - 28 m²
• Number of solar arrays - 4
• Resupply carriers - Salyut 1-type Soyuz
• Number of docking ports - 1
• Total manned missions - 2
• Total long-duration manned missions - 1

Visiting spacecraft and crews

• Soyuz 10 - April 23–April 25, 1971 - Failed Docking
  • Vladimir Shatalov
  • Aleksei Yeliseyev
  • Nikolai Rukavishnikov

• Soyuz 11 - June 6–June 29, 1971 - Crew died on reentry
  • Georgi Dobrovolski
  • Viktor Patsayev
  • Vladislav Volkov

Soyuz 10 was the first planned visit to the worlds first space station, Salyut 1, which had been successfully placed in orbit on April 19, 1971. ... April 23 is the 113th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (114th in leap years). ... April 25 is the 115th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (116th in leap years). ... 1971 (MCMLXXI) is a common year starting on Friday (click for link to calendar). ... Vladimir Shatalov Vladimir Aleksandrovich Shatalov (Russian: Владимир Александрович Шаталов; born December 8, 1927 in Petropavlovsk) was a Soviet cosmonaut who flew three space missions of the Soyuz programme: Soyuz 4, Soyuz 8, and Soyuz 10. ... Aleksei Yeliseyev Aleksei Stanislavovich Yeliseyev (Russian: Алексей Станиславович Елисеев; born July 13, 1934 in Zhizdra) was a Soviet cosmonaut who flew on three missions in the Soyuz programme as a flight engineer: Soyuz 5, Soyuz 8, and Soyuz 10. ... Nikolai Nikolayevich Rukavishnikov (Russian: Николай Николаевич Рукавишников; September 18, 1932, Tomsk – October 19, 2002) was a Soviet cosmonaut who flew three space missions of the Soyuz programme: Soyuz 10, Soyuz 16, and Soyuz 33. ... Soyuz 11 was the second attempted but first successful visit to the worlds first space station, Salyut 1. ... June 6 is the 157th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (158th in leap years), with 208 days remaining. ... June 29 is the 180th day of the year (181st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 185 days remaining. ... 1971 (MCMLXXI) is a common year starting on Friday (click for link to calendar). ... Georgi Dobrovolski Georgi Timofeyevich Dobrovolski (Russian: Георгий Тимофеевич Добровольский; June 1, 1928 – June 30, 1971) was a Soviet cosmonaut. ... Viktor Patsayev Viktor Ivanovich Patsayev (Russian: Виктор Иванович Пацаев; June 19, 1933, Aktuybinsk – June 30, 1971) was a Soviet cosmonaut who flew on the Soyuz 11 mission and had the unfortunate distinction of being part of the second crew to die during a space flight. ... Vladislav Nikolayevich Volkov (Russian: Владислав Николаевич Волков; born November 23, 1935, Moscow – June 30, 1971) was a Soviet cosmonaut who flew on the Soyuz 7 and Soyuz 11 missions. ...

Structure

At launch, the announced purpose of Salyut was to test the elements of the systems of a space station and to conduct scientific research and experiments. The craft was described as being 20 m in length, 4 m in maximum diameter, and 99 m³ in interior space with an on-orbit dry mass of 18,425 kg. Of its several compartments, three were pressurized (100 m³ total), and two could be entered by the crew. The first, or transfer, compartment was connected directly with Soyuz 11. Its docking cone had a 2 m front end diameter and a 3 m aft end diameter. The second, and main, compartment was about 4 m in diameter. Televised views showed enough space for eight big chairs (seven at work consoles), several control panels, and 20 portholes (some unobstructed by instruments). The third pressurized compartment contained the control and communications equipment, the power supply, the life support system, and other auxiliary equipment. The fourth, and final, compartment (unpressurized) was about 2 m in diameter and contained the engine installations and associated control equipment. Salyut had buffer chemical batteries, reserve supplies of oxygen and water, and regeneration systems. Externally mounted were two double sets of solar cell panels that extended like wings from the smaller compartments at each end, the heat regulation system's radiators, and orientation and control devices. Image File history File links Salyut 1 Soviet Space Station diagram . ... This article is about life support systems for outer space or underwater. ... A solar cell, or photovoltaic cell, is a semiconductor device that converts photons (light) into electricity. ... Radiator a common term for several types of heat exchanger. ...

Salyut 1 Expeditions

Georgi Dobrovolski Georgi Timofeyevich Dobrovolski (Russian: Георгий Тимофеевич Добровольский; June 1, 1928 – June 30, 1971) was a Soviet cosmonaut. ... Viktor Patsayev Viktor Ivanovich Patsayev (Russian: Виктор Иванович Пацаев; June 19, 1933, Aktuybinsk – June 30, 1971) was a Soviet cosmonaut who flew on the Soyuz 11 mission and had the unfortunate distinction of being part of the second crew to die during a space flight. ... Vladislav Nikolayevich Volkov (Russian: Владислав Николаевич Волков; born November 23, 1935, Moscow – June 30, 1971) was a Soviet cosmonaut who flew on the Soyuz 7 and Soyuz 11 missions. ... June 6 is the 157th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (158th in leap years), with 208 days remaining. ... 1971 (MCMLXXI) is a common year starting on Friday (click for link to calendar). ... Soyuz 11 was the second attempted but first successful visit to the worlds first space station, Salyut 1. ... June 29 is the 180th day of the year (181st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 185 days remaining. ... 1971 (MCMLXXI) is a common year starting on Friday (click for link to calendar). ... Soyuz 11 was the second attempted but first successful visit to the worlds first space station, Salyut 1. ...

Crews and missions

After taking 24 h for rendezvous and approach, Soyuz 10 docked with Salyut on April 23 and remained docked for 5.5 h. The crew did not transfer to the space station. Soyuz 11 required 3 h 19 min on June 7 to complete docking. The crew transferred to Salyut and their mission was announced as Soyuz 10 was the first planned visit to the worlds first space station, Salyut 1, which had been successfully placed in orbit on April 19, 1971. ... April 23 is the 113th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (114th in leap years). ... Soyuz 11 was the second attempted but first successful visit to the worlds first space station, Salyut 1. ... June 7 is the 158th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (159th in leap years), with 207 days remaining. ...

1. checking and testing the design, units, onboard systems, and equipment of the orbital piloted station
2. trying out the methods and autonomous means of the station's orientation and navigation, as well as the systems for controlling the space complex while maneuvering in orbit
3. studying geological-geographical objects on Earth's surface, atmospheric formations, and the snow and ice cover of Earth
4. studying physical characteristics, processes, and phenomena in the atmosphere and outer space in various ranges of the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation, and
5. conducting medico-biological studies to determine the possibilities of performing various jobs by the cosmonauts in the station and study the influence of space flight factors on the human organism.

On June 29, after flying 362 orbits docked with Salyut, the Soyuz 11 crew transferred back to Soyuz 11. Salyut was moved to higher orbits in July and August of 1971 to ensure that it would not end through early orbital decay. On October 11, the Salyut engines were fired, for the last time, to lower its orbit and ensure prompt decay over the Pacific Ocean. After 175 days in space, the first real space station died. Pravda (October 26, 1971) reported that the Salyut tasks were carried out in 75 percent of the cases by optical means, in 20 percent by radio-technical means, and the small balance by magneto-metrical, gravitational, and other studies. Synoptic readings were taken in both the visible and invisible parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. June 29 is the 180th day of the year (181st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 185 days remaining. ... In physics, an orbit is the path that an object makes, around another object, whilst under the influence of a source of centripetal force, such as gravity. ... Orbital decay is the reduction in the height of an objects orbit over time due to the drag of the atmosphere on the object. ... October 11 is the 284th day of the year (285th in leap years). ... This article treats the Soviet/Russian newspaper. ... October 26 is the 299th day of the year (300th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 66 days remaining. ... 1971 (MCMLXXI) is a common year starting on Friday (click for link to calendar). ...

See also

• Space station for statistics of occupied space stations
• Salyut
• Mir
• Skylab
• International Space Station

A space station is an artificial structure designed for humans to live in outer space. ... The Salyut (Russian: Салют, Salute or Firework) program was a series of space stations launched by the Soviet Union in the 1970s. ... MIR is a TLA that could mean: Mail-in rebate Medical Inspection Room - the place for sick parade in most British and Commonwealth militaries and many NGOs. ... Drawing of Skylab with components labelled Skylab was the United Statess first space station. ... ISS Statistics Crew: 2 As of August 21, 2005 Perigee: 352. ...

References

• http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/database/MasterCatalog?sc=1971-032A
• Soviet Space Stations as Analogs - NASA report (PDF format)