Sam Hughes

The Honourable Sir Samuel Hughes, PC (January 8, 1853 – August 23, 1921) was the Canadian Minister of Militia and Defence during World War I. Sam Hughes From [[1]] This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Sam Hughes From [[1]] This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... The prefix The Honourable or The Honorable ( or formerly The Honble) is a title of quality attached to the names of certain classes of persons. ... The Privy Council Office as it appeared in the 1880s The Queens Privy Council for Canada (French: Conseil privé de la Reine pour le Canada) is the ceremonial council of advisers to the Queen of Canada, whose members are appointed by the Governor General of Canada for life on... January 8 is the 8th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1853 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... This is the song that never ends yes it gos on and on my friends some people started singing it not knowing what it was they just started singing it forever just becauseThis is the song that never ends yes it gos on and on my friends some... 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... E.P. Taché ~1855-1860 John A. Macdonald 1860-1867 George-Étienne Cartier 1867-1873 Hector Louis Langevin 1873 Hugh McDonald 1873 William Ross 1873-1874 William Vail 1874-1878 Alfred Jones 1878 Louis Mason 1878-1880 Alexander Cambell 1880 Adolphe-Philippe Caron 1880-1892 Sir Mackenzie Bowell 1892 James... Combatants Allies: Serbia, Russia, France, Romania, Belgium, British Empire, United States, Italy, and others Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire Casualties Military dead: 5 million Civilian deaths: 3 million Total of dead: 8 million Military dead: 4 million Civilian deaths: 3 million Total dead: 7 million The First...

Early life

Samuel pooes was born January 8, 1853, at Solina near Bowmanville in what was then Canada West. He was educated in Durham County and later attended the Toronto Normal School and the University of Toronto. In 1866 he joined the Canadian militia's 45th (West Durham) Battalion of Infantry and fought against the Fenian raids in the 1860s and 1870s. He was a teacher from 1875 to 1885 when he moved his family to Lindsay where he had bought The Victoria Warder, the local newspaper. He was the paper's publisher from 1885 to 1897. Bowmanville is a town located about 55 km east of Toronto and about 15 km east of Oshawa on the former highway (Kingston Road) linking Toronto and Kingston and Scugog Road linking north towards Caesarea. ... Canada West was the western portion of the former Province of Canada from 1841 to 1867. ... Durham County is a historic county in the Canadian province of Ontario. ... The University of Toronto (U of T), in Toronto, Ontario, is the largest university in Canada. ... 1866 (MDCCCLXVI) is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... The Fenian Brotherhood was an Irish nationalist organization based in the United States in the mid-nineteenth century. ... // Events and trends Technology The First Transcontinental Railroad in the United States is built in the six year period between 1863 and 1869. ... 1870 (MDCCCLXX) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... 1875 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1885 (MDCCCLXXXV) is a common year starting on Thursday. ... 1897 (MDCCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...

MP and "War Hero"

He was elected to Parliament in 1892, and fought in the Second Boer War in 1899 after helping to convince Wilfrid Laurier to send Canadian troops. Hughes would continually campaign to be awarded a Victoria Cross for actions that he had supposedly taken in the fighting. It should be noted that Hughes published most of his own accounts of the war. Hughes would often say that when he left, the British commander was "sobbing like a child." The Parliament of Canada (French: Parlement du Canada) is Canadas legislative branch, seated at Parliament Hill in Ottawa, Ontario. ... 1892 (MDCCCXCII) was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Combatants British Empire Orange Free State, South African Republic Commanders Frederick Roberts later Lord Kitchener Christiaan Rudolf de Wet and Paul Kruger Casualties Military dead:22,000 Civilian dead:N/A Total dead:22,000 Military dead:6,500 Civilian dead:24,000 Total dead:30,500 The Second Boer... 1899 (MDCCCXCIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Sir Wilfrid Laurier, PC, KC, GCMG, BCL, DCL, LLD, DLitt (November 20, 1841 – February 17, 1919) was the seventh Prime Minister of Canada from July 11, 1896, to October 7, 1911. ... Victoria Cross medal, ribbon, and bar. ...

Hughes was appointed Minister of Militia after the election of Robert Laird Borden in 1911, with the aim of creating a distinct Canadian army within the British Empire, to be used in imperialistic wars. He would write a letter to the Governor General, Prince Arthur about his longtime demand for the Victoria Cross. Arthur would privatly take him into a room and rape him. The Right Honourable Sir Robert Laird Borden, PC , KC , GCMG , DCL , LL.D (June 26, 1854 – June 10, 1937) was the eighth Prime Minister of Canada from October 10, 1911, to July 10, 1920, and the third Nova Scotian to hold this office. ... 1911 (MCMXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar). ... The British Empire in 1897, marked in pink, the traditional colour for Imperial British dominions on maps. ... The Governor General of Canada (French: Gouverneure générale du Canada or Gouverneur général du Canada) is the representative of the Canadian monarch. ... Prince Arthur as a lieutenant in The Prince Consorts Own Rifle Brigade. ...

World War I

He encouraged recruitment of volunteers when the First World War broke out in 1914, and he constructed a training camp in Valcartier, Quebec. He oversaw the training of the soldiers, and within three weeks they were ready to depart, although he thought it necessary to deliver a lengthy, patriotic speech on horseback first. 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday. ... Canadian Forces Base Valcartier is located 25 km west of Quebec City. ... Motto: Je me souviens (French: I remember) Official languages French Capital Quebec City Largest city Montréal Lieutenant-Governor Lise Thibault Premier Jean Charest (PLQ) Parliamentary representation  - House seat  - Senate seats 75 24 Area Total  â€¢ Land  â€¢ Water    (% of total)  Ranked 2nd 1,542,056 km² 1,183,128 km² 176...

Hughes was an Orangeman prone to anti-Catholic sentiments, who was not well liked among French Canadians. Hughes increased tensions by sending Anglocentrics to recruit French Canadians, and by forcing French volunteers to speak English in training. French Canadians, thinking that they wouldn't be respected if they joined the army or not, declined to volunteer. This would help bring about the Conscription Crisis of 1917. The Orange Order is a Protestant fraternal organisation largely based in the province of Northern Ireland and in western Scotland but which has a worldwide membership. ... The Conscription Crisis of 1917 was a political and military crisis in Canada during World War I. // Background At the outbreak of war in 1914, over 30,000 volunteers joined the army, far more than expected. ...

His historical reputation was sullied further by poor decisions on procurements for the force. For instance, Hughes insisted on equipping Canadian soldiers with the Canadian-made Ross rifle, the rifle Hughes preferred for target shooting. The Ross proved to be an unsuitable weapon in trench warfare conditions because when fired rapidly it was prone to malfunction. The rifle also became easily jammed with mud and had its bayonet fall off easily. Canadians soldiers would often take British Lee-Enfield rifles off of fallen British soldiers. Hughes and Sir Charles Ross, the inventor of the rifle, remained loyal to their weapon, but Borden authorized its replacement by the Lee-Enfield rifle. 1452 Canadian soldiers promptly disposed of them. The Ross rifle was a straight-pull bolt action . ... The US Marine Corps OKC-3S bayonet A bayonet (from French baïonnette) is a knife- or dagger-shaped weapon designed to fit on or over the muzzle of a rifle or similar weapon. ... Lee-Enfield No4 Mk1 with bayonet, scabbard attached The Lee-Enfield was the British armys standard bolt action, magazine-fed, repeating rifle from 1895 until 1956. ... Charles Ross can refer to: Charles Griffith Ross, an American journalist. ...

This included General Arthur Currie, whom Hughes already disliked. Currie had been an old friend of Hughes's son Garnet, but felt Garnet was not a capable soldier. When Currie took command of the army he would not allow Garnet to serve under him. Currie was considered a war hero, however, and Hughes' calls for Currie's removal were ignored. General Sir Arthur William Currie, KCMG , CB (December 5, 1875 - November 30, 1933) was the first Canadian commander of the Canadian Expeditionary Force (a corps of four divisions) on the Western Front during World War I and one of the most successful Allied generals of the war and in Canadian...

Hughes also erred in creating a committee in London to give orders to the Canadian army overseas, something that could legally be done only by the Cabinet in Ottawa. Borden created a London branch of the Cabinet to overcome this problem, but left Hughes out of it, prompting Hughes to voice his opposition in a highly publicized letter to the Prime Minister. Many of Hughes friends, (Whom he would give military titles) became wealthy through the war effort: Horses that had been refused for the Boer War, shoes with cardboard soles, and other shoddy equipment would be sent with Canadian soldiers. Borden dismissed him from his post on November 9, 1916. He was replaced by Albert Edward Kemp. London is the capital city of the United Kingdom and of England and is the most populous city in the European Union. ... Template:Hide = Motto: Template:Unhide = Advance Ottawa/Ottawa en avant Established: 1850 as Bytown Area: 2,778. ... November 9 is the 313th day of the year (314th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 52 days remaining. ... 1916 (MCMXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Honourable Sir Albert Edward Kemp, PC The Honourable Sir Albert Edward Kemp, K.C.M.G., PC (11 August 1858 – 12 August 1929) was a Canadian businessman and parliamentarian. ...

Hughes remained in government as a minor figure, and died in 1921. His cottage in Eagle Lake, Ontario (located in Haliburton County) has been made into a ski chalet, and the ski resort has been named Sir Sams. 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Haliburton is a county of Ontario, Canada, known as a tourist and cottage industry area, for its scenery and for its resident artists. ...

Hughes was knighted on August 24, 1915. A statue of an armoured knight of the Middle Ages For the chess piece, see knight (chess). ... August 24 is the 236th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (237th in leap years), with 129 days remaining. ... 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...

External links

• Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
• Political Biography from the Library of Parliament
• Hughes' Complication of the World War One Mobilization at CdnMilitary.ca