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Sambal (Spanish: zambal) is a Sambalic language spoken primarily in the province of Zambales in the Philippines. Zambales is a province of the Philippines located in the Central Luzon region. ...
For the article on the capital city of the Philippines, see Manila. ...
Olongapo City is a 1st class highly urbanized city in the province of Zambales, Philippines. ...
Quezon is a 1st class municipality in the province of Palawan, Philippines. ...
Current distribution of Human Language Families Most languages are known to belong to language families. ...
The Austronesian languages are a language family widely dispersed throughout the islands of Southeast Asia and the Pacific, with a few members spoken on continental Asia. ...
The Malayo-Polynesian languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian languages used by some 351 million speakers. ...
ISO 639-1 is the first part of the ISO 639 international-standard language-code family. ...
ISO 639-2 is the second part of the ISO 639 standard, which lists codes for the representation of the names of languages. ...
ISO 639-3 is in process of development as an international standard for language codes. ...
For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words see here. ...
Phonetics (from the Greek word φωνή, phone meaning sound, voice) is the study of sounds and the human voice. ...
Unicode is an industry standard designed to allow text and symbols from all of the writing systems of the world to be consistently represented and manipulated by computers. ...
This chart shows concisely the most common way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is applied to represent the English language. ...
The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ...
Map of the Philippines showing the regions and provinces (click for larger version). ...
Zambales is a province of the Philippines located in the Central Luzon region. ...
Varieties
Sambal has two varieties, Tina and Botolan, spoken by approximately 70,000 (SIL 2000) and 32,867 (ibid. 2000) people, respectively. Tina is spoken primarily in the Zambaleño municipalities of Santa Cruz, Candelaria, Masinloc, and Iba; speakers can also be found in Quezon, Palawan. Botolan, on the other hand, is spoken primarily in the Zambaleño municipalities of Botolan and Cabangan. SIL International is a worldwide non-profit evangelical Christian organization whose main purpose is to study, develop and document lesser-known languages in order to expand linguistic knowledge, promote literacy and aid minority language development. ...
Santa Cruz is a 2nd class municipality in the province of Zambales, Philippines. ...
Candelaria is a 4th class municipality in the province of Zambales, Philippines. ...
Masinloc is a 1st class municipality in the province of Zambales, Philippines. ...
Iba is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Zambales, Philippines. ...
Quezon is a 1st class municipality in the province of Palawan, Philippines. ...
Botolan is a 2nd class municipality in the province of Zambales, Philippines. ...
Cabangan is a 4th class municipality in the province of Zambales, Philippines. ...
Phonology Sambal has 20 phonemes: 16 consonants and four vowels. Syllable structure is relatively simple. Each syllable contains at least a consonant and a vowel. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
In articulatory phonetics, a consonant is a sound in spoken language that is characterized by a closure or stricture of the vocal tract sufficient to cause audible turbulence. ...
Note: This page contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ...
Vowels Sambal has four vowels. They are: There are five main diphthongs: /aɪ/, /uɪ/, /aʊ/, /ij/, and /iʊ/. Vowels Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel. ...
North American English is a collective term used for the varieties of the English language that are spoken in the United States and Canada. ...
Vowels Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel. ...
Vowels Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel. ...
Vowels Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel. ...
In phonetics, a diphthong (Greek δίφθογγος, diphthongos, literally with two sounds, or with two tones) is a vowel combination in a single syllable involving a quick but smooth movement from one vowel to another, often interpreted by listeners as a single vowel sound or phoneme. ...
Consonants Below is a chart of Sambal consonants. All the stops are unaspirated. The velar nasal occurs in all positions including at the beginning of a word. The velar nasal is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. ...
In phonetics, a bilabial consonant is a consonant articulated with both lips. ...
Dentals are consonants such as t, d, n, and l articulated with either the lower or the upper teeth, or both, rather than with the gum ridge as in English. ...
Palatal consonants are consonants articulated with the body of the tongue raised against the hard palate (the middle part of the roof of the mouth). ...
Velars are consonants articulated with the back part of the tongue (the dorsum) against the soft palate (the back part of the roof of the mouth, known also as the velum). ...
Glottal consonants are consonants articulated with the glottis. ...
A stop, plosive, or occlusive is a consonant sound produced by stopping the airflow in the vocal tract. ...
Affricate consonants begin as stops (most often an alveolar, such as or ), but release as a fricative such as or (or, in a couple of languages, into a fricative trill) rather than directly into the following vowel. ...
Fricatives (or spirants) are consonants produced by forcing air through a narrow channel made by placing two articulators close together. ...
A nasal consonant is produced when the velum—that fleshy part of the palate near the back—is lowered, allowing air to escape freely through the nose. ...
Laterals are L-like consonants pronounced with an occlusion made somewhere along the axis of the tongue, while air from the lungs escapes at one side or both sides of the tongue. ...
In phonetics, a flap or tap is a type of consonantal sound, which is produced with a single contraction of the muscles so that one articulator (such as the tongue) is thrown against another. ...
Semivowels (also called semiconsonants or glides) are vowels that function phonemically as consonants. ...
Stress Stress is phonemic in Sambal. Stress on words is very important, they differentiate words with the same spellings, but with different meanings, e.g. hikó (I) and híko (elbow).
Historical sound changes Many words pronounced as /s/ and /g/ in Tagalog are pronounced as /h/ and /j/, respectively, in their cognates in Sambal. Compare hiko and bayo with the Tagalog siko and bago. Tagalog (pronunciation: ) is one of the major languages of the Republic of the Philippines. ...
Sample texts
The Lord’s Prayer
Tina
Version from Matthew Ama mi a ison ha langit,
sambawon a ngalan mo.
Ma-kit mi na komon a pa-mag-ari mo.
Ma-honol komon a kalabayan mo iti ha lota
a bilang anamaot ison ha langit.
Biyan mo kami komon nin
pa-mangan mi para konan yadtin awlo;
tan patawaron mo kami komon ha kawkasalanan mi
a bilang anamaot ha pa-matawad mi
konlan ampagkasalanan komi.
Tan komon ando mo aboloyan a matokso kami,
nokay masbali ipa-lilih mo kamin kay makagawa doka,
ta ikon moy kaarian, kapangyarian tan karangalan a homin
panganggawan. Amen.[2]
Version from Luke Ama mi, maipatnag komon a banal mon kapangyarian.
Lomato ana komon a awlon sikay mag-ari.
Biyan mo kamin pa-mangan mi sa inawlo-awlo.
Inga-rowan mo kami sa kawkasalanan mi bilang
pa-nginganga-ro mi konlan nagkasalanan komi
tan ando mo kami aboloyan manabo sa tokso.
Wamoyo.[2] The Gospel of Luke is the third of the four canonical Gospels of the New Testament, which tell the story of Jesus life, death, and resurrection. ...
Botolan (version from Matthew) Tatay nawen ya anti ha katatag-ayan,
Hay ngalan mo ay igalang dayi nin kaganawan.
Andawaten nawen ya tampol kayna dayin mag-arí.
Mangyari dayi ya kalabayan mo bayri ha babon lotá
Bilang ombayro ha katatag-ayan.
Hapa-eg ay biyan mo kayin pamamangan ya
angka-ilanganen nawen.
Patawaren mo kayi ha kawkasalanan
nawen bilang pamatawad nawen ha
nakapagkasalanan konnawen.
Agmo kayi biyan ma-irap ya pagsobok boy
ipakarayó mo kayi koni Satanas.[3] The Gospel of Matthew is one of the four Gospels of the New Testament. ...
Philippine national proverb Below are translations in Sambal of the Philippine national proverb[4] “He who does not acknowledge his beginnings will not reach his destination,” followed by the original in Tagalog. Tagalog (pronunciation: ) is one of the major languages of the Republic of the Philippines. ...
- Sambal (Tina): “Hay kay tanda mamanomtom ha pinangibatan, kay immabot sa kakaon.”
- Sambal (Botolan): “Hay ahe nin nanlek ha pinag-ibatan, ay ahe makarateng ha lalakwen.”
- Tagalog: “Ang hindi marunong lumingon sa pinanggalingan ay hindi makararating sa paroroonan.”
See also There are over 170 languages in the Philippines; almost all of them belong to the Austronesian language family. ...
References
External links - Grammar sketch of Sambal Botolan
- Sample recordings from the GRN Network in Sambal Tina and its Candelariero sub-variety
- Sample recordings from the GRN Network, in Sambal Botolan
- Hay Halita nin Diyos, Bible verses in Sambal Botolan
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