Sambas was a traditional state in Indonesia in modern Borneo . Image File history File links Information_icon. ... Borneo is the third largest island in the world. ...

History

The line of the Majaphit Governors of Sambas ended with the descendant of the Majaphit monarch, Sri Paduka Ratu Sepudak, the Ratu of Sambas, after 1609. She married one of her daughters to a descendant of the Sultan of Brunei .The child of this union, Sri Paduka al-Sultan Tuanku Muhammad Saif ud-din I. ibni al-Marhum Sultan Ibrahim 'Ali 'Umar Shah of Sambas became, thereafter, the first muslim Sultan of Sambas. The Sultan of Brunei is the head of state of Brunei. ...

The State remained independent until the reign of the HEIC, when the capital went through a tedious bombardment in 1812.The Dutch took their interest since 1819, leading finally into frequent minglings into succession and even the deposition and exiling to Java of . Sri Paduka al-Sultan Tuanku 'Abu Bakar Taj ud-din II. ibni al-Marhum Sultan Muhammad 'Ali Shafi ud-din I. of Sambas .

The state was one of the most stable, having strong, long-ruling leaders, up until the Japaneese conquest of 1942, which resulted in the execution of the Sultan Sri Paduka al-Sultan Tuanku Muhammad Ibrahim Shafi ud-din ibni al-Marhum Sultan Muhammad Shafi ud-din II. of Sambas at Mandor in 1944. The Sultanate was thereafter suspended and replaced by a Japaneese ruling council, being restored with the return of the Dutch in 1946 .

Since 1984,the head of the royal house was Pangeran Ratu Winata Kusuma of Sambas , who was recognised as Sultan in 2000 and installed in July of 2001 .

The Sultan

The title of the Sultan is "His Highness" and his royal name consists of Sri Paduka al-Sultan Tuanku , then followed by his personal reign name, ibni al-Marhum and concludes with his father's reigning titles and his name.

The wife of the Sultan is titled Sri Paduka Ratu .

The Sultanate follows male primogeniture, with the sons of royal wifes having precedence over those of common wives.

List of Rulers

• Sri Paduka Ratu Sepudak of Sambas, the Ratu of Sambas after 1609

• Sri Paduka al-Sultan Tuanku Muhammad Saif ud-din I. ibni al-Marhum Sultan Ibrahim 'Ali 'Umar Shah of Sambas , the Sultan of Sambas 1630-1670

• Sri Paduka al-Sultan Tuanku Muhammad Taj ud-din ibni al-Marhum Sultan Muhammad Saif ud-din of Sambas , the Sultan of Sambas 1670-1708

• Sri Paduka al-Sultan Tuanku 'Umar Akam ud-din I. ibni al-Marhum Sultan Muhammad Taj ud-din , the Sultan of Sambas 1708-1732

• Sri Paduka al-Sultan Tuanku 'Abu Bakar Kamal ud-din I. ibni al-Marhum Sultan Muhammad Jalal ud-din of Sabas , the Sultan of Sambas 1732-1762

• Sri Paduka al-Sultan Tuanku 'Umar Akam ud-din II. ibni al-Marhum Sultan 'Abu Bakar Kamal ud-din of Sambas , the Sultan of Sambas 1762-1793

• Sri Paduka al-Sultan Tuanku 'Abu Bakar Taj ud-din I. ibni al-Marhum Sultan 'Umar Akam ud-din of Sambas , the Sultan of Sambas 1790-1814

• Sri Paduka al-Sultan Tuanku Muhammad 'Ali Shafi ud-din I. ibni al-Marhum Sultan 'Umar Akam ud-din II. of Sambas , the Sultan of Sambas 1814-1828

• Sri Paduka al-Sultan Tuanku 'Usman Kamal ud-din ibni al-Marhum Sultan 'Umar Akam ud-din II. of Sambas , the Sultan of Sambas 1828 - 1832

• Sri Paduka al-Sultan Tuanku 'Umar Akam ud-din III. ibni al-Marhum Sultan 'Umar Akam ud-din II. of Sambas , the Sultan of Sambas 1832 - 1845

• Sri Paduka al-Sultan Tuanku 'Abu Bakar Taj ud-din II. ibni al-Marhum Sultan Muhammad 'Ali Shafi ud-din I. of Sambas , the Sultan of Sambas 1846-1854

• Sri Paduka al-Sultan Tuanku 'Umar Kamal ud-din ibni al-Marhum Sultan 'Umar Akam ud-din III. of Sambas , the Sultan of Sambas 1854-1866

• Sri Paduka al-Sultan Tuanku Muhammad Shafi ud-din II. ibni al-Marhum Sultan 'Abu Bakar Taj ud-din II. of Sambas , the Sultan of Sambas 1866-1924

• Sri Paduka al-Sultan Tuanku Muhammad 'Ali Shafi ud-din II. ibni al-Marhum Sultan Muhammad 'Ali Shafi ud-din I. of Sambas , the Sultan of Sambas 1924-1926

• Sri Paduka al-Sultan Tuanku Muhammad Ibrahim Shafi ud-din ibni al-Marhum Sultan Muhammad Shafi ud-din II. of Sambas , the Sultan of Smbas 1926-1944

• Japaneese ruling council 1944-1945

• Interegnum 1945-1946

• Sri Paduka al-Sultan Tuanku Muhammad Taufik ibni al-Marhum Sultan Muhammad Ibrahim Shafi ud-din of Sambas ,the Sultan of Sambas 1946-1984

• Pangeran Ratu Winata Kusuma of Sambas , head of the royal family 1984-2000, Sultan 2000-present day

References

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