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International Federation of Amateur Sambo
Sambo
Execution of Sambo leg lock
Also known as	Sombo
Style	Grappling
Country of origin	Russia
Creator	Viktor Spiridonov, Vasili Oshchepkov, Anatoly Kharlampiev
Olympic Sport	1980 trial, 2010 trial

Sambo (Russian: самбо) -- (also called Sombo in the US and sometimes written in all-caps) is a modern martial art, combat sport and self-defense system developed in the former Soviet Union, and recognized as an official sport by the USSR All-Union Sports Committee in 1938, presented by Anatoly Kharlampiev. Image File history File links FIAS.gif Summary Source Licensing File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... For other uses, see Grapple. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Russia. ... Hawaiian State Grappling Championships. ... Self defense refers to actions taken by a person to defend onself, ones property or ones home. ... Year 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ...

The word Sambo is an acronym of САМозащита Без Оружия (SAMozashchita Bez Oruzhiya) meaning "self-defense without a weapon" in Russian. Sambo has its roots in traditional folk styles of wrestling such as Armenian Koch, Georgian Chidaoba, Moldovan Trîntǎ, Uzbek Kurash, Mongolian Khapsagay and Azerbaijani Gulesh (wrestling style). It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Backronym and Apronym (Discuss) Acronyms and initialisms are abbreviations, such as NATO, laser, and ABC, written as the initial letter or letters of words, and pronounced on the basis of this abbreviated written form. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Folk wrestling is a generic term for traditional wrestling disciplines which may or may not be codified as a modern sport. ... Ancient Greek wrestlers (Pankratiasts) Wrestling is the act of physical engagement between two unarmed persons. ... Kurash is the native ancient type of upright jacket wrestling practiced in Uzbekistan. ... Mongolian wrestling is a traditional Mongolian sport that has existed in Mongolia for centuries. ...

According to the International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles (FILA), Sambo is one of the four main forms of amateur competitive wrestling practiced internationally today, the other three being Greco-Roman wrestling, Freestyle wrestling and Judo. FILA accepted Sambo as the 3rd style of international wrestling in 1968 until the Sambo community formed its own organization Federation International Amateur Sambo (FIAS) in 1985. In 1993, FIAS split into two organizations. Both organizations used the same name and logo. The two groups were often referred to as FIAS "East" (under Russian Control) and FIAS "West" (under US and Western European Control). This split mirrored the last days of cold war politics of the time as well as the recent break-up of the Soviet Union. In 2005, FILA reached an agreement with FIAS "West" and reassumed sanctioning over sport sambo.^[1] At present FILA sanctions international competition in the style as does FIAS (formerly FIAS "East"). Both organizations conduct separate world championships and other international events. However, only FIAS sanctions and conducts Combat Sambo competition. The International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles, also known in French as Fédération Internationale des Luttes Associées (FILA), is an international wrestling federation that holds events around the world. ... This article is about Greco-Roman wrestling. ... This article is about freestyle wrestling. ... This article is about the martial art and sport. ...

In 1980, Sambo was a demonstration sport at the Olympic Games in Moscow, Russia. However, due to boycotts, it failed to bring sufficient numbers for continued inclusion as a participatory game. ^[2]

There is no single, universally recognized founder of Sambo. However, Anatoly Kharlampiev is often officially recognized as the founder of Sport Sambo. Two other primary authors of Sambo were Vasili Oshchepkov (who died during the political purges of 1937 for refusing to deny his education in Japanese Judo under Judo founder, Jigoro Kano), and Viktor Spiridonov, who originally developed Sambo as a soft, aikido-like system since he was maimed during the first world war ^[3]. Sambo is entirely a Russian martial art developed from other techniques. Year 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Dr. Jigorō Kanō (嘉納 治五郎 Kanō Jigorō, 1860 in Kobe, Japan - 1938) is the founder of Judo. ...

Versions of Sambo

Although it was originally a single system, there are now four generally recognized versions of Sambo:

• Sport Sambo (Borba Sambo) is stylistically similar to amateur wrestling or Judo. The competition is similar to Judo, but with some differences in rules, protocol, and uniform. For example, in contrast with Judo, Sambo allows all types of leg locks, while not allowing chokeholds.^[4]
• Self-defense Sambo, which is similar to Aikijutsu, jujitsu or Aikido, and is based on self-defense application, such as defending against attacks by both armed and unarmed attackers. Many practitioners consider Self-Defense Sambo as part of Combat Sambo and not a system unto itself.
• Combat Sambo (Russian: Боевое Самбо, Boyevoye Sambo). Utilized and developed for the military, this is arguably the root of Sambo as it is now known, and includes practice with weapons and disarming techniques. Competition in combat sambo resembles older forms of judo and modern mixed martial arts, including extensive forms of striking and grappling. The first FIAS World Sambo Championships were held in 2001.
• Special Sambo - developed for Army Special Forces and Rapid Reaction Police (Militsija) teams and other law enforcement formations. The "Special Sambo" version differ from team to team due to different tasks and aims, however the base of any special system developed in that field is of course Sambo. The term "Special Sambo" is a relatively new term which refers to specialized versions of combat sambo.
• Freestyle Sambo - Uniquely American Set of competitive sambo rules created by the American Sambo Association (ASA) in 2004. These rules differ from traditional sport sambo in that they allow choke holds and other submissions from combat sambo that are not permitted in sport sambo. Freestyle Sambo, like all sambo, focuses on throwing skill and fast ground work. No strikes are permitted in Freestyle Sambo. The ASA created this rule set in order to encourage non-sambo practitioners from judo and jujitsu to participate in sambo events.

FILA Greatest Wrestler of 20th Century (Greco-Roman) Alexander Karelin throws Olympian Jeff Blatnick with his Karelin Lift Womens wrestling Andrell Durden (top) and Edward Harris grapple for position during the All-Marine Wrestle Offs. ... A uniform is a set of standard clothing worn by members of an organisation whilst participating in that organisations activity. ... Straight ankle lock A leglock is a joint lock that is directed at joints of the leg such as the ankle, knee or hip joint. ... The lateral vascular neck restraint is a very potent chokehold. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Aikido ), is a Japanese martial art developed by Morihei Ueshiba as a synthesis of his martial studies, philosophy, and religious beliefs. ... This article is about the martial art and sport. ... For the fighting styles that combine different arts, see hybrid martial arts. ... For other uses, see Grapple. ...

Uniform and Ranking

A Sambo practitioner normally wears either a red or blue jacket kurtka, a belt and shorts of the same color, and sambovki (Sambo shoes). The Sambo uniform does not reflect rank or competitive rating. Sport rules require an athlete to have both red and blue sets to visually distinguish competitiors on the mat. A kurtka is the generic word for a jacket in a number of European languages, most notably in Polish and Russian. ... Bold textA belt is a flexible band, typically made of leather or heavy cloth, and worn around the waist. ...

In Russia, a competitive rating system is used rather than belt colors like [judo] and jiujitsu to demonstrate rank, though some schools around the world now institute belt colors as well. The system is called Unified Sports Classification System of the USSR with the highest athletic distinction known as the Distinguished Masters of Sport in Sambo. Jujutsu (also jujitsu, ju jitsu, ju jutsu, or jiu jitsu; from the Japanese 柔術 jūjutsu gentle/yielding/compliant Art) is a Japanese martial art. ... Unified Sports Classification System of the USSR (Russian:Единая Всесоюзная спортивная классификация) was a document, which provided general Soviet physical education system requirements for athletes. ...

Examination requirements vary depending on country, age group and of course the rating aspired to. The examination itself includes competitive accomplishment as well as technical demonstration of knowledge. Higher level exams must be supervised by independent judges from a national Sambo association. For a rating to be recognised it must be registered with the national Sambo organization.

History of Sambo

Cover of a book about Sambo released in 1973.

The founders of Sambo sifted deliberately through all of the world’s martial arts available to them to augment their military’s hand-to-hand combat system. One of these men, Vasili Oschepkov, taught judo and karate to elite Red Army forces at the Central Red Army House. He had earned his nidan (second degree black belt out of then five) from judo’s founder, Jigoro Kano, and used some of the founder's philosophy in formulating the early development of the new Russian art. Image File history File links Sambo1973. ... Image File history File links Sambo1973. ... For other uses, see Karate (disambiguation). ... For other organizations known as the Red Army, see Red Army (disambiguation). ...

Sambo was in part born of native Russian and other regional styles of grappling and combative wrestling, bolstered with the most useful and adaptable concepts and techniques from the rest of the world. Combatives FM 21-150 Figure 4-1, Vital Targets. ...

As the buffer between Europe and Asia, Russia had more than ample opportunities to sift through the martial skills of various invaders. Earlier Russians had experienced threats from the Vikings in the west and the Tatars and Genghis Khan’s Golden Horde from Mongolia in the east. The regional, native combat systems included in Sambo’s genesis are Tuvan Khuresh, Yakuts khapsagai, Chuvash akatuy, Georgian chidaoba, Moldavian trinta, Armenian kokh, and Uzbek Kurash to name a few. For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Asia (disambiguation). ... The name Viking is a loan from the native Scandinavian term for the Norse seafaring warriors who raided the coasts of Scandinavia, Europe and the British Isles from the late 8th century to the 11th century, the period of European history referred to as the Viking Age. ... This article is about the people. ... For other uses, see Genghis Khan (disambiguation). ... The Golden Horde (Mongolian: Altan Ordyn Uls; Turkish: ; Tatar: ; Russian: ) is a Russian designation for the Mongol[1][2][3][4] — later Turkicized[3] — khanate established in the western part of the Mongol Empire upon its breakup in the 1240s: present-day Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, and the Caucasus. ... This is a list of martial arts, broken down by region and style. ... Tuva or Tyva (Russian: Республика Тыва [Тува], Respublika Tyva [Tuva]) (pop. ... Khuresh competition in Tos-Bulak at the Naadym festival of 2005. ... Yakuts, self-designation: Sakha, are a Turkic people associated with the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic. ... The Chuvash are a bunch of pakis . ... Akatuy may refer to one of the following. ... Moldavia (Moldova in Romanian) was a Romanian principality, originally created in the Middle Ages, now divided between Romania, Moldovan Republic and Ukraine. ...

The foreign influences included various styles of European Wrestling styles, Japanese jujutsu, and other martial arts of the day plus the classical Olympic sports of boxing, Greco-Roman and freestyle wrestling. Sambo even derived lunging and parrying techniques from Italian scherma fencing. Ancient Greek wrestlers (Pankratiasts) Wrestling is the act of physical engagement between two unarmed persons. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Archery competition at the Athens 2004 Summer Olympics. ... For other senses of these words, see boxing (disambiguation) or boxer (disambiguation). ... This article is about freestyle wrestling. ... In fencing, the parry is a defensive manoeuvre intended to deflect or block an attempted hit. ... This article is about the sport, which is distinguished from stage fencing and academic fencing (mensur). ...

Sambo’s early development stemmed from the independent efforts of Oschepkov and another Russian, Victor Spiridonov, to integrate the techniques of judo into native wrestling styles. Spiridonov's background involved indigenous styles of Russian martial art. His "soft-style" was based on the fact that he received a bayonet wound during the Russo-Japanese war which left his left arm lame. Both Oschepkov and Spiridonov hoped that the Russian styles could be improved by an infusion of the techniques distilled from jujitsu by Jigoro Kano into his new style of jacket wrestling. Contrary to common lore, Oschepkov and Spiridonov did not cooperate on the development of their hand-to-hand systems. Rather, their independent notions of Hand-to-hand combat merged through cross training between students and formulative efforts by their students and military staff. While Oschepkov and Spiridonov did have occasion to collaborate, their efforts were not completely united. Dr. Jigorō Kanō (嘉納 治五郎 Kanō Jigorō, 1860 in Kobe, Japan - 1938) is the founder of Judo. ...

In 1918, Lenin created Vseobuch (Vseobshchee voennoye obuchienie or General Military Training) under the leadership of N.I. Podovoyskiy to train the Red Army. The task of developing and organizing Russian military hand-to-hand combat training fell to K. Voroshilov, who in turn, created the NKVD physical training center, “Dinamo.” 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... Vladimir Ilyich Lenin ( Russian: Влади́мир Ильи́ч Ле́нин  listen?), original surname Ulyanov (Улья́нов) ( April 22 (April 10 ( O.S.)), 1870 – January 21, 1924), was a...   (Russian: ), popularly known as Klim Voroshilov (Russian: ) (February 4 [O.S. January 23] 1881 – December 2, 1969) was a Soviet military commander and politician. ... The NKVD (Narodny Komissariat Vnutrennikh Del  ) (Russian: , ) or Peoples Commissariat for Internal Affairs was the leading secret police organization of the Soviet Union that was responsible for political repressions during Stalinism. ... In most educational systems, physical education (PE), also called physical training (PT) or gym, is a course in the curriculum which utilizes the learning medium of large-muscle activities in a play or movement exploration setting. ... Dinamo, also Dynamo, (Russian and Ukrainian: , Belarusian: Дына́ма) was the oldest sports and physical training society of the Soviet Union, created in 1923. ...

Spiridonov was a combat veteran of World War I, and one of the first wrestling and self-defense instructors hired for Dinamo. His background included Greco-Roman wrestling, Free style wrestling, many Slavic wrestling styles, and Japanese JiuJitsu. As a “combatives investigator” for Dinamo, he traveled to Mongolia and China to observe their native fighting styles. “The Great War ” redirects here. ...

In 1923, Oschepkov and Spiridinov collaborated (independently) with a team of other experts on a grant from the Soviet government to improve the Red Army’s hand-to-hand combat system. Spiridonov had envisioned integrating all of the world’s fighting systems into one comprehensive style that could adapt to any threat. Oschepkov had observed Kano’s distillation of Tenjin Shin’yo Ryu jujitsu and Kito Ryu jujitsu into judo, and he had developed the insight required to evaluate and integrate combative techniques into a new system. Their development team was supplemented by Anatoly Kharlampiev and I.V. Vasiliev who also traveled the globe to study the native fighting arts of the world. Ten years in the making, their catalogue of techniques was instrumental in formulating the early framework of the art to be eventually referred to as Sambo. Here, Oschepkov and Spiridonov’s improvements in Russian wrestling slipped into the military’s hand-to-hand-combat system. Melée generally means hand-to-hand combat or mano-a-mano. ... The Kito-ryÅ« school of jujutsu is a koryu martial art whose syllabus comprises of atemi-waza (striking techniques), nage-waza (throwing techniques), kansetsu-waza (joint locking techniques) and shime-waza (choking techniques). ...

Kharlampiev is often called the father of Sambo. This may be largely semantics since only he had the longevity and political connections to remain with the art while the new system was named “Sambo”. However, Kharlampiev's political maneuvering is single-handedly responsible for the USSR Committee of Sport accepting Sambo as the official combat sport of the Soviet Union in 1938 - decidedly the "birth" of Sambo. So, more accurately, Kharlampiev could be considered the father of "sport" Sambo.

Spiridonov was the first to actually begin referring to the new system as one of the “S” variations cited above. He eventually developed a softer, more “aikido-like” system called Samoz that could be used by smaller, weaker practitioners or even wounded soldiers and secret agents. Spiridonov’s inspiration to develop Samoz stemmed from his injury that he suffered that greatly restricted his ability to practice Sambo or wrestling. Refined versions of Sambo are still used today or fused with specific Sambo applications to meet the needs of Russian commandos today. Taijitu, the traditional symbol representing the forces of Yin and Yang. ... Aikido ), is a Japanese martial art developed by Morihei Ueshiba as a synthesis of his martial studies, philosophy, and religious beliefs. ... Secret Agent is a 1936 British film directed by Alfred Hitchcock based on a novel by W. Somerset Maugham. ...

Each technique for Sambo was carefully dissected and considered for its merits, and if found acceptable in unarmed combat, refined to reach Sambo’s ultimate goal: stop an armed or unarmed adversary in the least time possible. Thus, the best techniques of jujitsu and its cousin, Judo, entered the Sambo repertoire. When the techniques were perfected, they were woven into Sambo applications for personal self-defense, police, crowd control, border guards, secret police, dignitary protection, psychiatric hospital staff, military, and commandos. Crowd control is controlling a crowd who are not a riot and not a demonstration. ... Border Guard (Polish Straż Graniczna, SG) is a Polish military unit tasked with patrol of the Polish border. ... This article is about secret police as organizations. ... A bodyguard is a person who protects someone from personal assault, kidnapping, assassination, loss of confidential information, or other threats. ... A psychiatric hospital (also called, at various places and times, mental hospital or mental ward, historically often asylum, lunatic asylum, or madhouse), is a hospital specialising in the treatment of persons with mental illness. ... For other uses, see Commando (disambiguation). ...

Sambo practitioners

"The World Sambo Academy" in Kstovo, the venue of many Sambo competitions

• Andrei Arlovski former UFC heavyweight champion. He was also the Junior World Sambo Champion.
• Lance Campbell Sport Sombo World Champion. One of only eight grapplers selected to compete in the Ultimate Submission Showdown.
• Fedor Emelianenko, World Combat Sambo Champion and Russian Combat Sambo Champion. He is widely regarded as the best pound-for-pound mixed martial arts fighter and is the current heavyweight champion in PRIDE Fighting Championships in Japan.
• Aleksander Emelianenko, Fedor's brother, is a two-time Russian national Sambo champion, and two-time world Sambo champion in the absolute divisions.
• James Chico Hernandez, The First Sambo Champion to be featured on a box of Wheaties Energy Crunch. He is a World Cup Vice-Champion, US National Sambo Champion and British Sambo medallist.
• Scott Sonnon, Distinguished Master of Sports in Sambo, nominated as the "Pioneer of American Sambo", World Sambo Games Vice-Champion, USA Grand National and Pan-American Sambo Champion, and USA National Sambo Team Coach. ^[5].
• Oleg Taktarov UFC 6 Champion, UFC '95 Ultimate Ultimate Tournament finalist, and actor.
• Igor Yakimov, world Judo champion, as well a world sport sambo champion and a medallist at the Combat Sambo world championships.
• Sergei Kharitonov a PRIDE Fighting Championship competitor
• Ansar Chalangov, a mixed martial arts competitor who has appeared in two fights in UFC's welterweight division.
• Megumi Fujii, a Currently undefeated female MMA fighter. She is known as the 'Princess of Sambo'.

Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2048 × 1536 pixel, file size: 980 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2048 × 1536 pixel, file size: 980 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Kstovo (Кстово in Russian) is a town in the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast in Russia. ... Andrei The Pitbull Arlovski (Belarusian language: Андрэй Арлоўскі,born February 4, 1979 in Minsk, Belarus) is a Belarusian mixed martial arts fighter and a former Ultimate Fighting Championship heavyweight champion. ... UFC is a TLA that can stand for Ultimate Fighting Championship Umeå FC This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Fedor Emelianenko (IPA: , Russian: Фёдор Емельяненко, sometimes romanized as Fyodor Yemelyanenko[8]), born September 28, 1976, is a Russian heavyweight mixed martial artist and the current PRIDE heavyweight champion. ... Pride is the name of an emotion which refers to a strong sense of self-respect, a refusal to be humiliated as well as joy in the accomplishments of oneself or a person, group, nation or object that one identifies with. ... Aleksander Emelianenko (August 2, 1981 -) is a Russian mixed martial arts fighter. ... Look up Sambo in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... James Chico Hernandez James Chico Hernandez (born April 14, 1954 in Chicago, Illinois) is an accomplished athlete in the sport of Sombo wrestling and a five-time member of the Team USA National Team. ... Early Wheaties Cereal Box Wheaties, a wheat and bran mixture baked into flakes, is a breakfast cereal introduced in 1924 and marketed by the General Mills cereal company of Golden Valley, Minnesota. ... Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... Unified Sports Classification System of the USSR (Russian: Единая Всесоюзная спортивная классификация) was a document, which provided general Soviet physical education system requirements for athletes. ... Oleg Taktarov (June 25, 1968) is a Russian martial artist. ... Igor Yakimov is a world Judo champion, as well a world sport sambo champion and a medallist at the Combat Sambo world championships. ... Sergey Kharitonov (IPA: ; Russian: Сергей Харитонов) is a Russian heavyweight mixed martial arts fighter in the PRIDE Fighting Championships, a major MMA organization based in Japan. ... PRIDE or PRIDE Fighting Championships in Japan is the worlds most popular mixed martial arts championship. ... Megumi Fujii (藤井 恵 Megumi Fujii, born April 26, 1974) is a Female Japanese Mixed Martial Artist. ...

Fictional practitioners

• The fictional character Blue Mary of the King of Fighters video game series uses a stylized version of Sambo.
• Sergei Dragunov of Tekken 5: Dark Resurrection uses the military version of Sambo.
• Bayman and Leon of the Dead or Alive game series both use Combat Sambo.
• Cyrax uses Sambo in Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance.
• Zangief uses a variation of Sambo and integrates it into Pro Wrestling.
• Vladimir Kozlov has recently been seen on WWE TV, and has been introduced as the current World Sambo champion. This is kayfabe and not truthful.
• Mikhail Bakunin of the TV Series Lost appears to use Sambo, probably due to his military training before joining the DHARMA Initiative.

For other persons named Mary Ryan, see Mary Ryan (disambiguation). ... The King of Fighters ), or KOF for short, is a fighting game series by SNK that debuted in 1994. ... This is a list of video game franchises organised alphabetically by name. ... Sergei Dragunov (Russian: Сергей Драгунов; Japanese: セルゲイ・ドラグノフ serugei doragunofu) is a fictional character in the Tekken fighting game series. ... Bayman is a fictional character from the Dead or Alive video game series. ... Leon is a character from the Dead or Alive video game franchise. ... Dead or Alive (DOA) (デッドオアアライブ) is a video game series produced by Tecmo that is comprised primarily of fighting games. ... Cyrax is a fictional character in the Mortal Kombat fighting game series. ... Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance is a video game developed and produced by Midway. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Vladimir Kozlov may refer to: Oleg Prudius, Russian professional wrestler who has the ring name Vladimir Kozlov Vladimir Kozlov (bobsledder) (born March 7, 1958), Russian bobsledder Vladimir Kozlov (mathematician), Russian mathematician Vladimir Kozlov (music producer), Russian electronic music producer and member of Fuzzion Vladimir Kozlov (speed skater) (born August 1... In professional wrestling, kayfabe (pronounced KAY-fayb; IPA: ) refers to the portrayal of events within the industry as real, that is the portrayal of professional wrestling as not staged or worked. ... From left to right: Ben, Kate Sawyer, Claire, Charlie, Jack, Locke, Sayid, Sun, Desmond, Hurley, Jin & Juliet. ... “LOST” redirects here. ... Title card from a Dharma Initiative orientation film featured in the Lost episode Orientation Screenshot from the Sri Lanka Video, released as part of the Lost Experience, showing the Dharma acronym The Dharma Initiative is a fictional research project featured in the American television series Lost. ...

Celebrity adherents

• Vladimir Putin, President of the Russian Federation is Master of Sports in both Sambo and Judo.

Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (Russian: ) (born October 7, 1952) is the current President of the Russian Federation. ... The President of Russia (ru: Президент России) is the highest position within the Government of Russia. ...

References

External links

• American Sambo Association Website
• New York Combat Sambo Club Website
• FIAS website
• Club SAMBO-2000 in Finland
• United States Sombo Association website
• Classical SAMBO - With many examples and pictures.
• Creation of sambo - By M.Lukashev, first published in "Physical culture and sport" magazine N9-10/91.
• AnyMartialArt.org - Sambo over view
• Combat Sambo
• Combat Sambo in Canada (Toronto)
• Sambo
• SAMBO competition rules. Includes rules for combat sambo.
• CST Mag Interviews American Sambo Association's Steve Koepfer. Information about combat and freestyle sambo.
• International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles, Hall of Fame
• Interviews, reviews and articles
• Official website of Igor Kurinnoy
• SAMBO, information database | ru
• Photoalbum (SAMBO, information database) | ru
• FILA website
• Nepobedimyy (1983) at the Internet Movie Database