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In philosophy, identity is whatever makes an entity definable and recognizable, in terms of possessing a set of qualities or characteristics that distinguish it from entities of a different type. Or, in layman's terms, identity is whatever makes stuff the same or different. Image File history File links Please see the file description page for further information. ...
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The Death of Socrates, by Jacques-Louis David (1787) depicts the philosopher Socrates carrying out his own execution. ...
Look up Layman in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Stuff is an aggregate or a mass of items, matter, or events. ...
See: In logic, sameness is synonymous with identity. ...
Becky - But in that crazy good way redirect inequality ...
Logic of identity In logic, the identity relation is normally defined as the relation that holds only between a thing and itself. That is, identity is the two-place predicate, "=", such that for all x and y, "x = y" is true iff x is the same thing as y. Logic, from Classical Greek λόγος (logos), originally meaning the word, or what is spoken, (but coming to mean thought or reason) is the study of criteria for the evaluation of arguments, although the exact definition of logic is a matter of controversy among philosophers. ...
In mathematics, a binary relation (or a dyadic relation) is an arbitrary association of elements of one set with elements of another (perhaps the same) set. ...
In mathematics, a predicate is a relation. ...
When someone sincerely agrees with an assertion, they might claim that it is the truth. ...
IFF, Iff or iff can stand for: Interchange File Format - a computer file format introduced by Electronic Arts Identification, friend or foe - a radio based identification system utilizing transponders iff - the mathematics concept if and only if International Flavors and Fragrances - a company producing flavors and fragrances International Freedom Foundation...
Identity is transitive, symmetric, and reflexive. In mathematics, a binary relation R over a set X is transitive if it holds for all a, b, and c in X, that if a is related to b and b is related to c, then a is related to c. ...
In mathematics, a binary relation R over a set X is symmetric if it holds for all a and b in X that if a is related to b then b is related to a. ...
In set theory, a binary relation can have, among other properties, reflexivity or irreflexivity. ...
It is an axiom of most normal modal logics that for all x, if x = x then necessarily x = x. This article does not cite its references or sources. ...
A modal logic is any logic for handling modalities: concepts like possibility, impossibility, and necessity. ...
(These definitions are of course inapplicable in some area of quantified logic, such as fuzzy logic and fuzzy set theory, and with respect to vague objects.) Fuzzy logic is derived from fuzzy set theory dealing with reasoning that is approximate rather than precisely deduced from classical predicate logic. ...
Fuzzy sets are an extension of classical set theory and are used in fuzzy logic. ...
Metaphysics of identity Metaphysicians, and sometimes philosophers of language and mind, ask other questions: - What does it mean for an object to be the same as itself?
- If x and y are identical (are the same thing), must they always be identical? Are they necessarily identical?
- What does it mean for an object to be the same, if it changes over time? (Is applet the same as applet+1?)
- If an object's parts are entirely replaced over time, as in the Ship of Theseus example, in what way is it the same?
A traditional view is that of Gottfried Leibniz, who held that x is the same as y if and only if every predicate true of x is true of y as well. Look up Change in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
The Ship of Theseus is a replacement paradox also known as Theseuss paradox. ...
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In mathematics, a predicate is a relation. ...
Leibniz's ideas have taken root in the philosophy of mathematics, where they have influenced the development of the predicate calculus as Leibniz's law. Mathematicians sometimes distinguish identity from equality. More mundanely, an identity in mathematics may be an equation that holds true for all values of a variable. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
First-order predicate calculus or first-order logic (FOL) permits the formulation of quantified statements such as there exists an x such that. ...
The identity of indiscernibles, also known as Leibnizs Law, is an ontological principle first forumlated by German philosopher Göttfried Wilhelm Leibniz. ...
In mathematics, two mathematical objects are considered equal if they are precisely the same in every way. ...
Euclid, Greek mathematician, 3rd century BC, known today as the father of geometry; shown here in a detail of The School of Athens by Raphael. ...
An equation is a mathematical statement, in symbols, that two things are the same. ...
In computer science and mathematics, a variable (sometimes called a pronumeral) is a symbol denoting a quantity or symbolic representation. ...
Hegel argued that things are inherently self-contradictory and that the notion of something being self-identical only made sense if it were not also not-identical or different from itself and did not also imply the latter. In Hegel's words, "Identity is the identity of identity and non-identity." Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (August 27, 1770 - November 14, 1831) was a German philosopher born in Stuttgart, Württemberg, in present-day southwest Germany. ...
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (August 27, 1770 - November 14, 1831) was a German philosopher born in Stuttgart, Württemberg, in present-day southwest Germany. ...
More recent metaphysicians have discussed trans-world identity -- the notion that there can be the same object in different possible worlds.
Qualitative versus numerical identity Arbitrary objects a and b can be said to be qualitatively identical if a and b are duplicates, that is, if a and b are exactly similar in all respects, that is, if a and b have all qualitative properties in common. Examples of this might be two wine glasses made in the same wine glass factory on the same production line (at least, for a relaxed standard of exact similarity), or a carbon atom in one's left hand and a carbon atom in one's right shoulder (perhaps true even for the most strict standard of exact similarity). so. ...
Alternatively, a and b can be said to be numerically identical if a and b are one and the same thing, that is, if a is b, that is, if there is only one thing variously called "a" and "b". For example, Clark Kent is numerically identical with Superman in the sense that there is only one person (who happens to wear different clothes at different times). This relationship is expressed in mathematics with the "=" symbol, e.g., a = b, or Clark Kent = Superman. Superman and his secret identity Clark Kent being portrayed as distinct individuals. ...
Superman is a fictional character and one of the most famous and popular comic book superheroes of all time. ...
See also The ethic of reciprocity or The Golden Rule is a fundamental moral principle found in virtually all major religions and cultures, which simply means It is arguably the most essential basis for the modern concept of human rights. ...
Cultural identity is the (feeling of) identity of a group or culture, or of an individual as far as she/he is influenced by her/his belonging to a group or culture. ...
Digital identity refers to the aspect of digital technology that is concerned with the mediation of peoples experience of their own identity and the identity of other people and things. ...
An ethnic group is a human population whose members identify with each other, usually on the basis of a presumed common genealogy or ancestry (Smith 1986). ...
Identity theft is defined as the stealing of a persons financial information, esp. ...
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In philosophy, the issue of personal identity concerns the conditions under which a person at one time is the same person at another time. ...
Pseudonymity is a word derived from pseudonym, meaning false name, and describes a state of disguised identity resulting from the use of a pseudonym (also called nym). ...
Recognition of acquaintances From nearby, a human individual is mainly recognized by his or her face. ...
The references in this article would be clearer with a different style of citation, footnoting or external linking. ...
Social identity is a theory formed by Henri Tajfel and John Turner to understand the psychological basis of intergroup discrimination. ...
External links - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy:
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