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Encyclopedia > Samir Geagea
Samir Geagea

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Born October 25, 1952
Residence Maarab
Occupation Party and former militia leader
Home town Bsharre
Known for Leading of Lebanese Forces
Predecessor Fouad Abou Nader
Political party Lebanese Forces
Religious beliefs Maronite
Spouse Sitrida Taouk Geagea

Samir Farid Geagea (Arabic: سمير فريد جعجع, also Samir Ja`ja`) born October 25, 1952 is the leader of the right wing Lebanese Forces (LF) political party. He lead LF in the Lebanese Civil War and after the war he was tried for four serious crimes in a Syrian dominated show trial. He was given the death sentence which was later reduced to life in prison. Geagea was imprisoned for 11 years in solitary confinement for the alleged crimes and later pardoned by Lebanese Parliament after the Cedar Revolution and the end of the Syrian occupation. This Pardon law was passed by the newly-elected Lebanese Parliament in 2005. He is currently one of the leaders of March 14 Alliance alongside Saad Hariri, Walid Jumblatt and Amine Gemayel. Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... is the 298th day of the year (299th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1952 (MCMLII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Bsharri (also spelled Becharre, Bcharre, Bsharre) is a town located in the mountains of northern Lebanon. ... Lebanese Forces (LF) (Arabic: القوات اللبنانية al-quwat al-lubnāniyya) is a Lebanese political party and a former militia, which fought on the Christian side during the civil war that ravaged Lebanon from 1975 to 1990. ... Dr. Fouad ABOU NADER Son of Antoine Abou Nader and Claude Pierre Gemayel, Fouad Abou Nader was born on June 27, 1956 in Baalbek, in Bekaa. ... Lebanese Forces (LF) (Arabic: القوات اللبنانية al-quwat al-lubnāniyya) is a Lebanese political party and a former militia, which fought on the Christian side during the civil war that ravaged Lebanon from 1975 to 1990. ... Maronites (Marunoye ܡܪܘܢܝܐܶ; in Syriac, Mâruniyya مارونية in Arabic) are members of an Eastern Catholic Church in full communion with the Pope of Rome. ... Setrida Geagea during the 2005 Lebanese parliamentary elections. ... Arabic can mean: From or related to Arabia From or related to the Arabs The Arabic language; see also Arabic grammar The Arabic alphabet, used for expressing the languages of Arabic, Persian, Malay ( Jawi), Kurdish, Panjabi, Pashto, Sindhi and Urdu, among others. ... is the 298th day of the year (299th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1952 (MCMLII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Lebanese Forces (LF) (Arabic: القوات اللبنانية al-quwat al-lubnāniyya) is a Lebanese political party and a former militia, which fought on the Christian side during the civil war that ravaged Lebanon from 1975 to 1990. ... Combatants Lebanese Front Syria LNM PLO Israel Commanders Bachir Gemayel Dany Chamoun Kamal Jumblatt Yasser Arafat Ariel Sharon The Lebanese Civil War (1975–1990) was a multifaceted civil war whose antecedents trace back to the conflicts and political compromises reached after the end of Lebanons administration by the Ottoman... Solitary confinement, colloquially referred to as the hole (or in British English the block), is a punishment in which a prisoner is denied contact with any other persons, excluding guards, chaplains and doctors. ... Cedar Revolution has become the most commonly used name for the chain of demonstrations and popular civic action in Lebanon (mainly Beirut) triggered by the assassination of former Lebanese Prime Minister Rafik Hariri on February 14, 2005. ... The 2005 Lebanese General Elections were the first elections in thirty years without a Syrian military or intelligence presence in Lebanon. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The March 14 Alliance (Arabic: ), named after the date of the Cedar Revolution, is a coalition of anti-Syrian political parties and independents in Lebanon, led by Saad Hariri, younger son of Rafik Hariri, the assassinated former prime minister of Lebanon, Samir Geagea president of the Lebanese Forces, and Walid... Saadeddine Rafiq al Hariri (Arabic: ), (born April 18th 1970 in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) is the majority leader in the Lebanese Parliament and the head of the Current for the Future, a political movement associated with corruption and founded by his late father. ... Picture of Walid Jumblatt Walid Jumblatt (Arabic: وليد جنبلاط‎) (born August 7, 1949) is the current leader of the Progressive Socialist Party of Lebanon and the most prominent leader of the Druze community. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

Contents

Early life and education

Geagea was born in Beirut in 1952 to a Maronite family from the town of Bsharri, Northern Lebanon. His father was an adjutant in the Lebanese Army and his mother a housewife. He attended "Ecole Bénilde" elementary and secondary school in Furn el-Chebek, which was a free private school. With the aid of a scholarship from the Khalil Gibran association, he studied medicine for two years at the American University of Beirut and then continued his studies at Saint Joseph University because of the war. He was an active member of the right-wing Phalangist Party, which became the main Christian fighting force upon the outbreak of the Lebanese Civil War in 1975. Location in the Republic of Lebanon Coordinates: , Governorate Government  - Mayor Abdel Mounim Ariss[1] Area  - City 100 km² (31 sq mi) Population (2005)  - City 1,574,397  - Metro 1,792,111 Time zone +2 (UTC)  - Summer (DST) +3 (UTC) Website: City of Beirut This article is about the Lebanese city. ... Maronites (Marunoye ܡܪܘܢܝܐܶ; in Syriac, Mâruniyya مارونية in Arabic) are members of an Eastern Catholic Church in full communion with the Pope of Rome. ... Bsharri (also spelled Becharre, Bcharre, Bsharre; Arabic: ), is a Lebanese city at 1,650 m of altitude, near the Kadisha Valley. ... The Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) consists of three branches: Lebanese Army Lebanese Air Force Lebanese Navy // General overview The Lebanese Armed Forces primary missions include maintaining security and stability in the country, guarding the countrys borders, port security, relief operations, rescue operations, fire fighting, and fighting drug smuggling. ... Khalil Gibran Gibran Khalil Gibran (January 6, 1883 – April 10, 1931) was a Lebanese poet, artist and Maronite Christian. ... The American University of Beirut (AUB; Arabic: ) is a private, independent, non-sectarian university in Beirut, Lebanon. ... Université Saint-Joseph (USJ) is a private higher institute of education founded by the Jesuits in 1875 in Beirut, Lebanon, known for its school of medicine and its hospital, Hôtel-Dieu de France. ... The Kataeb Party, better known in English-speaking countries as the Phalange, is a Lebanese political party that was first established as a Maronite nationalist youth movement in 1936 by Pierre Gemayel. ... Combatants Lebanese Front Syria LNM PLO Israel Commanders Bachir Gemayel Dany Chamoun Kamal Jumblatt Yasser Arafat Ariel Sharon The Lebanese Civil War (1975–1990) was a multifaceted civil war whose antecedents trace back to the conflicts and political compromises reached after the end of Lebanons administration by the Ottoman... Year 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...


War Period

Geagea steadily rose through the ranks and led several operations at the request of Bashir Gemayel, then commander of the Phalangist militia. In 1978, following the targeted killing of a Phalangist party leader in the North Lebanon called Joud el Bayeh in a power struggle with former president Suleiman Frangieh, Bachir Gemayel ordered Geagea and Elie Hobeika to co-lead a unit to capture the suspects who were taking cover in Frangieh's mansion in Ehden. The convoy was ambushed on the way and Geagea was hit and admitted to Hotel Dieu hospital in Achrafieh where ironically he was doing his internship, his right hand was partially paralysed and he never continued his formation while the military operation resulted in the murder of Tony Frangieh and his family. Bachir Gemayel, first name also spelt Bashir, (November 10, 1947 - September 14, 1982) was a Lebanese military commander and politician. ... Year 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar). ... North Lebanon Township is a township located in Lebanon County, Pennsylvania. ... Suleiman Frangieh Suleiman Kabalan Beik Frangieh, last name also spelt Frangié, Franjieh, or Franjiyeh, (15 June 1910 - 23 July 1992, was President of Lebanon from 1970 to 1976. ... Bachir Gemayel Bachir Gemayel, first name also spelt Bashir (Arabic: بشير الجميل), (November 10, 1947 – September 14, 1982) was a Lebanese military commander, politician and president elect. ... Elie Hobeika // Elie Hobeika ,(1956–24 Jan 2002)(Arabic:وعــــد: إيلي حبيقة born in Kleiat, Lebanon, Was a Phalangist and Lebanese Forces militia commander during the Lebanese Civil War trained and supplied by USA and Israel. ... Ehden (اٍهدن in Arabic) is a mountainous town situated in the heart of the northern mountains of Lebanon and on the southwestern slopes of Makmal mountain and Kornet el Sawda, the highest peak of Lebanon. ... Achrafieh, (Arabic: الأشرفية; sometimes spelled as Ashrafieh in English), is a part of Beirut, the capital city of Lebanon. ... Antoine Frangieh (1 September 1939 - 13 June 1978, better known by his diminutive, Tony, طوني فرنجيه ) was a Lebanese politician and militia leader during the early years of the Lebanese Civil War. ...

Samir Geagea during the Lebanese civil war.
Samir Geagea during the Lebanese civil war.

Geagea was appointed head of the Lebanese Forces' militia northern Front in the early 1980s, where he commanded around 1,500 battle-hardened soldiers, drawn mainly from his native town of Bsharri and other towns and villages in Northern Lebanon. Geagea led his men in fierce battles against the Syrian Army in El-Koura, Qnat and during the siege of Zahle in 1980-1981. In 1982-1983, Geagea commanded the Lebanese Forces against Walid Jumblat's Progressive Socialist Party militia, the Palestinians, and the Syrians in a ruthless battle for the control of the Chouf mountains in central Lebanon. Combatants Lebanese Front Syria LNM PLO Israel Commanders Bachir Gemayel Dany Chamoun Kamal Jumblatt Yasser Arafat Ariel Sharon The Lebanese Civil War (1975–1990) was a multifaceted civil war whose antecedents trace back to the conflicts and political compromises reached after the end of Lebanons administration by the Ottoman... Lebanese Forces (LF) (Arabic: القوات اللبنانية al-quwat al-lubnāniyya) is a Lebanese political party and a former militia, which fought on the Christian side during the civil war that ravaged Lebanon from 1975 to 1990. ... (Arabic: ) is a district (in arabic qadaa) in the North Governorate, Lebanon. ... This article is about a town in Lebanon. ... Year 1982 (MCMLXXXII) was a common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar). ... Year 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar). ... The Progressive Socialist Party (PSP) (Arabic al-hizb al-taqadummi al-ishtiraki) is a political party in Lebanon. ... Chouf (also spelled Shouf, Shuf or Chuf, in Arabic جبل الشوف Jebel ash-Shouf) is a historical region of Lebanon, and also an administrative district in the governorate (mohafazat) of Mount Lebanon. ...


Lebanese Forces

On March 12, 1985, Geagea and Elie Hobeika orchestrated an internal coup in order to end the leadership of Fouad Abou Nader in the Lebanese Forces. Abou Nader was considered to be too close to his uncle, president Amine Gemayel whose policies were not accepted by most LF leaders. On January 15, 1986, Geagea became head of the Lebanese Forces after overthrowing Hobeika, who was widely accused of treachery in the Lebanese Christian sector for agreeing to a Syrian-sponsored accord (the Tripartite Agreement). During the following year, Geagea meticulously rebuilt the LF into an organized, well trained and equipped military force. He established social security and public services to fill the void that was created by the war-crippled state administration. He also extracted taxes from the Christian region, offered free open-heart operations and twinned Christians cities with foreign cities in Europe and America and tried to open an airport in the Halat region because the Beirut International Airport (located in the west suburb of Beirut) was under the control of the Syrian forces which made the access for Lebanese Christians almost impossible. is the 71st day of the year (72nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... Elie Hobeika // Elie Hobeika ,(1956–24 Jan 2002)(Arabic:وعــــد: إيلي حبيقة born in Kleiat, Lebanon, Was a Phalangist and Lebanese Forces militia commander during the Lebanese Civil War trained and supplied by USA and Israel. ... Dr. Fouad ABOU NADER Son of Antoine Abou Nader and Claude Pierre Gemayel, Fouad Abou Nader was born on June 27, 1956 in Baalbek, in Bekaa. ... Lebanese Forces (LF) (Arabic: القوات اللبنانية al-quwat al-lubnāniyya) is a Lebanese political party and a former militia, which fought on the Christian side during the civil war that ravaged Lebanon from 1975 to 1990. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... is the 15th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar). ... This page is a candidate to be copied to Wiktionary using the Transwiki process. ...


The Post-War Period

On October 13, 1990, General Michel Aoun was ousted from the presidential palace in Baabda. With Aoun out of the picture, Geagea was now the only leader in the Christian heartland. Geagea was subsequently offered ministerial portfolios in the new Lebanese government (formed on Christmas Eve) but refused them under the basis that the government was under Syrian control.[1] is the 286th day of the year (287th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1990 (MCMXC) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar). ... Michel Naim Aoun (Arabic: ميشال عون) (born 18 February 1935 in Haret Hreik, Lebanon) is a Lebanese military commander and politician. ... The Christmas Eve (1904-05), watercolor painting by the Swedish painter Carl Larsson (1853-1919) Christmas Eve, the evening of December 24th, the preceding day or vigil before Christmas Day, is treated to a greater or a lesser extent in most Christian societies as part of the Christmas season. ...


Relation with the Kataeb party

In addition to being the LF leader, Geagea retained his seat in the Kataeb Politburo. In 1993, he ran for the Kataeb presidential election but lost to Georges Saadeh with whom the conflict grew. Later that year, Saadeh dismissed Geagea and all members of what was known as the "Rescue Committee" from the party.[2] The committee was formed by several members of the Politburo and districts leaders loyal to the LF and Geagea. The Kataeb Party, better known in English-speaking countries as the Phalange, is a Lebanese political party that was first established as a Maronite nationalist youth movement in 1936 by Pierre Gemayel. ... Politburo is short for Political Bureau. ... Year 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar). ... The Kataeb Party, better known in English-speaking countries as the Phalange, is a Lebanese political party that was first established as a Maronite nationalist youth movement in 1936 by Pierre Gemayel. ... Georges Saadeh was born on the 21st of November 1930 in Chabtine a small village in the caza if Batroun. ...


Arrest and trial

There was increased pressure by Syria on Geagea to accept the Syrian presence or face justice. Prior to his arrest, he was contacted by several sympathetic politicians and warned about the forthcoming proceedings and offered safe passage out of Lebanon. Geagea refused to leave. On February 27, 1994, a bomb exploded in the Church of Sayyidet Al Najet and killed ten worshippers.[3] The LF were suspected and on March 23, 1994, the Lebanese government ordered the dissolution of the LF and Geagea's deputy Fouad Malek was taken into custody.[4] Geagea himself was arrested on April 21, 1994, on charges of ordering the church bombing, of attempting to undermine government authority by "maintaining a militia in the guise of a political party", of instigating acts of violence, and of committing assassinations during the Lebanese Civil War. He was accused of the assassinations of Former Prime Minister Rashid Karami, National Liberal Party leader Dany Chamoun and his family, and former LF member Elias Al Zayek. He was also accused of attempting to kill Minister Michel Murr. He was acquitted in the church's case but given four life sentences in the other cases. Amnesty International criticized Samir Geagea's trial and conviction, citing that it was politically motivated, unjust and done under Syrian interference.[5] is the 58th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1994 (MCMXCIV) The year 1994 was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by the United Nations. ... is the 82nd day of the year (83rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1994 (MCMXCIV) The year 1994 was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by the United Nations. ... is the 111th day of the year (112th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1994 (MCMXCIV) The year 1994 was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by the United Nations. ... Combatants Lebanese Front Syria LNM PLO Israel Commanders Bachir Gemayel Dany Chamoun Kamal Jumblatt Yasser Arafat Ariel Sharon The Lebanese Civil War (1975–1990) was a multifaceted civil war whose antecedents trace back to the conflicts and political compromises reached after the end of Lebanons administration by the Ottoman... Rashid Karami Rashid Abdul Hamid Karami (December 30, 1921 – June 1, 1987) (Arabic: رشيد كرامي) was a Lebanese statesman. ... The National Liberal Party (Hizb al-Watanyin al-Ahrar) is a political party in Lebanon, established by President Camille Chamoun in 1958. ... Dany Chamoun (Arabic: داني شمعون) (August 26, 1934, Is a former KKK member who assasinated the president of the United States Of America. ... Michel Murr is the former Lebanese Minister of the Interior. ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Amnesty international Amnesty International (commonly known as Amnesty or AI) is an international non-governmental organization which defines its mission as to undertake research and action focused on preventing and ending grave abuses of the rights to physical and mental integrity, freedom of conscience...


Imprisonment

Geagea was held for 11 years in a small windowless cell in solitary in the basement of the Ministry of Defense in Yarze in poor health conditions which made him lose weight dramatically. [6] He was also deprived of contact with the outside world through press, TV or radio.[7] Only his close family and lawyers were allowed to visit him. During the visits, a guard would monitor the conversation, interrupting it if a political topic was discussed. Members and followers of the Cedar Revolution considered Geagea trials and sentences as being unjust and politically motivated, mainly orchestrated by the regime that ruled Lebanon during the Syrian hegemony period to oust Geagea from the political scene and dismantle the Lebanese Forces party. Ironically, many of the leaders in the March 14 coalition who orchestrated his removal from prison had been the same ones to acquiesce to his imprisonment during the years of Syrian occupation. Yarze Prison is the largest and most notorious prison located in Southeast direction of Beirut, Lebanon. ... Cedar Revolution has become the most commonly used name for the chain of demonstrations and popular civic action in Lebanon (mainly Beirut) triggered by the assassination of former Lebanese Prime Minister Rafik Hariri on February 14, 2005. ... Lebanese Forces (LF) (Arabic: القوات اللبنانية al-quwat al-lubnāniyya) is a Lebanese political party and a former militia, which fought on the Christian side during the civil war that ravaged Lebanon from 1975 to 1990. ...


Release

When the Cedar Revolution won the majority in the 2005 parliamentary elections, they formulated an amnesty law to free Geagea from his disputed sentences, right after the 2005 elections. The Lebanese Parliament passed a law in the form of an amnesty bill on 18 July 2005 to free Samir Geagea. It was subsequently signed by President Emile Lahoud. [8] Geagea was released from prison on July 26, 2005 and left Lebanon for medical tests. [9] He returned to Lebanon on October 25 (his birthday), and lived in the Cedars region in northern Lebanon until December 11, 2006, after which he moved to an hotel in Bzoummar in Keserwan. On June 30, 2007, he moved to a new residence in "Me'arab", Keserwan. Cedar Revolution has become the most commonly used name for the chain of demonstrations and popular civic action in Lebanon (mainly Beirut) triggered by the assassination of former Lebanese Prime Minister Rafik Hariri on February 14, 2005. ... is the 199th day of the year (200th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Émile Lahoud General Émile Geamil Lahoud (Arabic: اميل لحود) (born January 12, 1936) is the current President of Lebanon. ... is the 207th day of the year (208th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 298th day of the year (299th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 345th day of the year (346th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Bzoummar is one of the main cities in Lebanon. ... Keserwan (Qadaa Keserwèn) (Arabic قضاء كسروان) is a district (qadaa) in the Mount Lebanon Governorate (Arabic محافظة جبل لبنان), Lebanon, to the northeast of the Lebanons capital Beirut. ... is the 181st day of the year (182nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...


Current political activity

On the Lebanese political scene, Geagea and the LF are considered to be the main Christian component of the March 14 Alliance. Internationally, Geagea is trying to renew his relations with influential countries such as the United States and France. On March 19, 2007, he met French president Jacques Chirac in the Élysée Palace.[10] In March 2008, he is due to hold talks in the USA with officials at the White House.[11] is the 78th day of the year (79th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... “Chirac” redirects here. ... The entrance to the Élysée Palace. ... For other uses, see March (disambiguation). ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see White House (disambiguation). ...


See also

Lebanese Forces (LF) (Arabic: القوات اللبنانية al-quwat al-lubnāniyya) is a Lebanese political party and a former militia, which fought on the Christian side during the civil war that ravaged Lebanon from 1975 to 1990. ... Setrida Geagea during the 2005 Lebanese parliamentary elections. ... Bachir Gemayel, first name also spelt Bashir, (November 10, 1947 - September 14, 1982) was a Lebanese military commander and politician. ...

References

  1. ^ Lebanon's Cabinet Named, Then Boycotted. The New York Times, December 25, 1990. Retrieved on 2008-02-28.
  2. ^ Split Threatens Lebanon's Biggest Christian Party. The New York Times, January 16, 1993. Retrieved on 2008-02-28.
  3. ^ Blast in Lebanon Church Kills 9 and Injures 60, The New York Times, February 28, 1994. Retrieved on 2007-08-27.
  4. ^ Lebanon Detains Christian in Church Blast, The New York Times, March 24, 1994. Retrieved on 2007-08-27.
  5. ^ Samir Gea’gea’ and Jirjis al-Khouri: Torture and unfair trial, Amnesty International report, November 23, 2004. Retrieved on 2008-02-27.
  6. ^ UN Commission on Human Rights - Torture - Special Rapporteur's Report. United Nations Economic and Social Council, January 12, 1995. Retrieved on 2008-02-22.
  7. ^ Lebanon Human Rights Practices, 1995. U.S. Department of State, March 1996. Retrieved on 2008-02-27.
  8. ^ Amnesty for Lebanese ex-warlord, BBC News, July 18, 2005. Retrieved on 2007-07-16.
  9. ^ Lebanese ex-warlord is released, BBC News, July 26, 2005. Retrieved on 2007-07-16.
  10. ^ Geagea meets Chirac (in Arabic). As-Safir Newspaper, March 20, 2007. Retrieved on 2008-02-26.
  11. ^ Geagea For White House Talks in March. Naharnet Newsdesk, February 9, 2008. Retrieved on 2008-02-26.
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External links

  • Samir Geagea Crimes and Dark Past
  • Lebanese Forces Official Website
  • A report on the abuse against Lebanese Forces members and supports

Videos

  • Best of Hakim Fi Zanzana Part of a documentary (in Arabic) on Samir Geagea's life in prison. It shows how raising a political issue between Geagea and his wife during her visit to him can result in the interruption of the visit.

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