In music, a sample is a usually brief (now usually digital) recording that is inserted into another compositions.
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Sampling is that part of statistical practice concerned with the selection of individual observations intended to yield some knowledge about a population of concern, especially for the purposes of statistical inference.
The sampling frame must be representative of the population and this is a question outside the scope of statistical theory demanding the judgement of experts in the particular subject matter being studied.
In survey sampling, many of the individuals identified as part of the sample may be unwilling to participate or impossible to contact.