Samuel Andrews (1836-1904) was a chemist and inventor. Born in England, he emigrated to the United States before the American Civil War, and settled in Cleveland, Ohio He is best known as a partner in the oil refining firm of Rockefeller, Andrews & Flagler, formed in 1867 in Cleveland, the major predecessor company of the Standard Oil corporate empire. When the first unit was formed in 1870, Andrews owned 16.67% of Standard Oil stock. 1836 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1904 is a leap year starting on a Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... Look up chemist on Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... An inventor is a person who creates new inventions, typically technical devices such as mechanical, electrical or software devices or methods. ... Royal motto (French): Dieu et mon droit (Translated: God and my right) Englands location within the UK Official language English de facto Capital London de facto Largest city London Area - Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population - Total (mid-2004) - Density Ranked 1st UK 50. ... The American Civil War (1861–1865) was fought in North America within the United States of America, between twenty-three mostly northern states of the Union and the Confederate States of America, a coalition of eleven southern states that declared their independence and claimed the right of secession from the... City nickname: The Forest City Location Location in Cuyahoga County, Ohio Government County Cuyahoga Mayor Jane L. Campbell; Frank G. Jackson (mayor-elect) Physical characteristics Area      Land      Water 213. ... Nodding donkey pumping an oil well near Sarnia, Ontario, 2001 Petroleum (from Latin petr – rock and oleum – oil), crude oil, sometimes colloquially called black gold, is a thick, dark brown or greenish liquid. ... 1867 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Standard Oil (1863 - 1911) was a large integrated oil producing, transporting, refining, and marketing organization. ... 1870 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...

In 1862, Samuel Andrews had already some experience in shale-oil production in the newly discovered oil fields of western Pennsylvania when he approached two Cleveland produce merchants to be stockholders in a new enterprise. One was John D. Rockefeller, who saw the potential in Andrew's plan and invested in the venture. With this capital, Andrews designed and began a small refinery in Cleveland. 1862 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... State nickname: The Keystone State Other U.S. States Capital Harrisburg Largest city Philadelphia Governor Ed Rendell (D) Senators Arlen Specter (R) Rick Santorum (R) Official language(s) None Area 119,283 km² (33rd)  - Land 116,074 km²  - Water 3,208 km² (2. ... 1917 painting by John Singer Sargent. ...

Ida M. Tarbell, an early investigative journalist who was the author of The History of Standard Oil, described Samuel Andrews as "a mechanical genius" who "devised new processes" to create a better product. He is credited with inventing a chemical process, fractional distillation (which is the separation of crude oil into its components). Ida Tarbell Ida Minerva Tarbell (November 5, 1857–January 6, 1944) was an American author and journalist, known as one of the leading muckrakers. ... Investigative journalism is a branch of journalism that usually concentrates on a very specific topic, and typically requires a lot of work to yield results. ... The History of the Standard Oil Company is a book written by journalist Ida Tarbell in 1904. ...

His better-known partners, Rockefeller and Henry Morrison Flagler, are credited with the marketing strategies and schemes which capitalized on Andrew's technical expertise. Both Andrews and Flagler each soon took a backseat to the aggressive Rockefeller, as Flagler's wife's ill health turned his attention to Florida, where he founded the Florida East Coast Railway and helped develop many resort communities, most notably, the cities of Palm Beach and Miami. While Flagler began an entire new career in Florida, Samuel Andrews remained back in Ohio, where he died in 1904. Thus, John D. Rockefeller is the partner whose name is most associated with Standard Oil by history. Henry Morrison Flagler (January 2, 1830 – May 20, 1913) was a United States tycoon, real estate promoter, railroad developer and Rockefeller partner. ... State nickname: Sunshine State Other U.S. States Capital Tallahassee Largest city Jacksonville (largest metropolitan area is Miami) Governor Jeb Bush (R) Senators Bill Nelson (D) Mel Martinez (R) Official language(s) English Area 170,451 km² (22nd)  - Land 137,374 km²  - Water 30,486 km² (17. ... The Florida East Coast Railway (AAR reporting mark FEC) is a Class II railroad operating in the US state of Florida; in the past, it has been a Class I railroad. ... Palm Beach is a town located in Palm Beach County, Florida, 65 miles north of Miami. ... City nickname: The Magic City, The American Riviera, The Sixth Borough Location Location of Miami in the State of Florida Government County Miami-Dade Mayor Manuel “Manny” Diaz (R) Physical characteristics Area      Land      Water 139. ... State nickname: The Buckeye State Other U.S. States Capital Columbus Largest city Columbus Governor Bob Taft (R) Senators Mike DeWine (R) George Voinovich (R) Official language(s) None Area 116,096 km² (34th)  - Land 106,154 km²  - Water 10,044 km² (8. ...

See also main article Standard Oil Standard Oil (1863 - 1911) was a large integrated oil producing, transporting, refining, and marketing organization. ...

Sources, additional reading

Tarbell, Ida M. The History of the Standard Oil Company. New York: McClure, Phillips & Co., 1904. The History of the Standard Oil Company is a book written by journalist Ida Tarbell in 1904. ... 1904 is a leap year starting on a Friday (link will take you to calendar). ...