NationMaster - Encyclopedia: San Fernando, Trinidad and Tobago

The City of San Fernando is the larger of the two cities, and the second largest municipality in Trinidad and Tobago. It occupies 18 km² and is located in the southwestern part of the island of Trinidad. It is bounded to the North by the Guaracara River, the south by the Oropouche River, the east by the Sir Solomon Hochoy Highway, and the West by the Gulf of Paria. The population was estimated to be 62,000 as of 2002. The former Borough of San Fernando was elevated to the status of a city on November 18, 1988. The motto of San Fernando is: "Sanitas Fortis" - In a Healthy Environment We Will Find Strength. Image File history File links SanFdo. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ... Local Government in Trinidad and Tobago is handled through 5 municipalities, 9 Regional Corporations and the Tobago House of Assembly. ... Local Government in Trinidad and Tobago is handled through 5 municipalities, 9 Regional Corporations and the Tobago House of Assembly. ... Area is a physical quantity expressing the size of a part of a surface. ... A time zone is a region of the Earth that has adopted the same standard time, usually referred to as the local time. ... Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) is a high-precision atomic time standard. ... This article is in need of attention. ... Population density by country, 2006 Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. ... Map of Trinidad and Tobago List of cities towns and villages in Trinidad and Tobago: A B C D DAbadie(Name origin: French) Debe Delaford Dibe Diego Martin Dinsley E East-West Corridor Ecclesville(Name origin: English) Eckel Village(Name origin: English) Edinburgh(Name origin: Irish-English) El Dorado... now. ... A municipality or general-purpose district (compare with: special-purpose district) is an administrative local area generally composed of a clearly defined territory and commonly referring to a city, town, or village government. ... Look up Trinidad in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The Guaracara River, located in south Trinidad, runs westward out of the Central Range and drains into the Gulf of Paria. ... The Sir Solomon Hochoy Highway is the major north-south highway in Trinidad and Tobago. ... The Gulf of Paria (Golfo de Paria in Spanish) is a shallow inland sea between the island of Trinidad (Republic of Trinidad and Tobago) and the east coast of Venezuela. ... For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ... A borough is an administrative division used in various countries. ... November 18 is the 322nd day of the year (323rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

History

The Amerindians called the area 'Anaparima'. Translation of 'Anaparima' has been translated as either 'Single Hill' or 'Without Water'. A single hill, San Fernando Hill rises from the centre of the city. A town named San Fernando de Naparima was established by Spanish Governor Don José Maria Chacón in 1784, in honour of the heir to Spanish crown. With time, the de Naparima was dropped. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2073x1401, 1101 KB)Image published in 1897 - no copyright. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2073x1401, 1101 KB)Image published in 1897 - no copyright. ... Native Americans (also Indians, Aboriginal Peoples, American Indians, First Nations, Alaskan Natives, or Indigenous Peoples of America) are the indigenous inhabitants of The Americas prior to the European colonization, and their modern descendants. ... San Fernando Hill has existed in San Fernando since its founding. ... Are you kidding?, this is solid truth here, nothing escapes the eyes of Gov!!!, not even. ... Don JosÃ© Maria ChacÃ³n was the last Spanish Governor of Trinidad. ... Coat of Arms of the King of Spain King of Spain redirects here. ...

Following the 1783 Cedula of Population, many sugar plantations were established in the Naparima Plains surrounding San Fernando. The town grew as this part of the country came to dominate sugar production. This growth continued throughout the nineteenth century as consolidation in the sugar industry led to the construction of what was then the largest sugar refinery in the world, the Usine, Ste. Madeline factory a few miles east of the town. The development of cacao cultivation and the petroleum industry helped San Fernando grow since the town served as the gateway to these areas. 1783 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Magnification of typical sugar showing monoclinic hemihedral crystal stucture. ... A plantation is an intentional planting of a crop, on a larger scale, usually for uses other than cereal production or pasture. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... Binomial name Theobroma cacao L. For the town in French Guiana, see Cacao, French Guiana. ... The oil industry is a type of industry which brings petroleum to a financial market. ...

The growth of the town placed severe strains on the supply of water, especially during the dry season. Complaints by the Burgess of the town resulted in numerous reports by geologists and hydrologists throughout the later nineteenth and early twentieth century, but the problem was not solved until the Navet Dam was constructed in the 1930s. Burgess was originally a freeman of a borough. ... World geologic provinces Oceanic crust 0-20 Ma 20-65 Ma >65 Ma Geologic provinces Shield Platform Orogen Basin Large igneous province Extended crust Geology (from Greek Î³Î·- (ge-, the earth) and Î»Î¿Î³Î¿Ï‚ (logos, word, reason))[1] is the science and study of the solid matter of a celestial body, its composition... Water covers 70% of the Earths surface. ... (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s The 20th century lasted from 1901 to 2000 in the Gregorian calendar (often from (1900 to 1999 in common usage). ... The Navet Dam is one of the major reservoirs supplying potable water in Trinidad and Tobago. ...

The nearby oil refinery at Pointe-à-Pierre played an important role in San Fernando's development between World War II and the 1980s. The refinery was constructed by Trinidad Leaseholds Limited during World War II, and constituted one of the largest contributions to the war effort by a private company. The 'oil boom' of the 1970s and 80s led to the growth the suburbs of San Fernando, especially Marabella (to the north) and Gasparillo (to the east) of the Pointe-a-Pierre refinery. In 1991 the boundaries of the city were extended, bringing the refinery (the largest in the Caribbean) immediately adjacent to the City's northern boundary. View of Shell Oil Refinery in Martinez, California. ... Pointe-Ã -Pierre is a town in Trinidad and Tobago. ... Combatants Major Allied powers: United Kingdom Soviet Union United States Republic of China and others Major Axis powers: Nazi Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Harry Truman Chiang Kai-Shek Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tojo Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead... Marabella is a town in southern Trinidad, between San Fernando (to the south) and Pointe-à-Pierre (to the north). ... Gasparillo is a town in southern Trinidad. ...

The extended City now includes the suburbs of Marabella, Bel Air, Gulf View and Cocoyea.

Geography

San Fernando is a coastal town, is located in western Victoria County. The city is bounded by the Guaracara River to the north, the Solomon Hochoy Highway to the east, the Southern Main Road to the southeast, and the Oropouche River to the south. The city proper is located on the flanks of two hills - San Fernando Hill (more correctly, Naparima Hill) and Alexander Hill. Several Mansions on the pinnacle of Alexander Hill house some of the more prominent San Fernando families. The Cipero River, the Vistabella River, the Marabella River and the Godineau River all enter the sea within the city limits. Victoria County is the name of several counties in Canada and the United States: Victoria County, New Brunswick Victoria County, Nova Scotia Victoria County, Ontario (former) Victoria County, Texas This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... The Southern Main Road is a major road in Trinidad and Tobago running from Curepe in the north through Chaguanas, Couva and San Fernando to Point Fortin in the south. ...

Climate

San Fernando has a seasonal tropical climate with a wet season lasting from June to December and a dry season lasting from January to May.

Urban structure

San Fernando can be divided into the main town, which is located on the flanks of San Fernando Hill and the adjacent Alexander Hill, and the newer suburbs to the north, west and south. Housing subdivision near Union, Kentucky, a suburb of Cincinnati, Ohio. ...

Marabella is a town in southern Trinidad, between San Fernando (to the south) and Pointe-à-Pierre (to the north). ...

Governance

The administration of San Fernando is done by San Fernando City Corporation. It is a corporate body, and the staff is instrumental in the exercise of the powers of the Corporation through the Council. Functions of this Corporation are delegated by the Central Government, and the Corporation itself is within the jurisdiction of the Minister of Local Government. Local Government in Trinidad and Tobago is handled through 5 municipalities, 9 Regional Corporations and the Tobago House of Assembly. ...

Local government administration starts in 1845 - when the Town Council was established and the Municipality of San Fernando came into being. Circa 1853, San Fernando was elevated to a Borough; the first Mayor was Dr. Robert Johnstone. From the simple start of a fishing village, San Fernando blossomed financially, and became "the Industrial Capital" of Trinidad and Tobago. 1845 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...

This crest incorporates the City motto, the sea, the hill, a fishing boat, sugar cane stalk, oil tank, house and two discs. The sea and boat represent the beginnings as a fishing village. The sugar cane stalk represents the Sugar industry. The oil tank represents productivity and the oil industry. The house represents shelter for all races. The sun-like disks represent Steelpan and Tassa, as well as togetherness. Species Ref: ITIS 42058 as of 2004-05-05 Sugarcane is one of six species of a tall tropical southeast Asian grass (Family Poaceae) having stout fibrous jointed stalks whose sap at one time was the primary source of sugar. ... Steelpan (also known as pan, steelpan, or steeldrums, and sometimes collectively with the musicians as a steelband) is a musical instrument and a form of music originating in the twin island state of Trinidad & Tobago located in the Caribbean. ... Tassa drums are found within societies of the Indo-Caribbean people. ...

During its first year as a city, San Fernando was twinned with the town of Trinite, Martinique. Ties with the French were re-established.

The City of San Fernando is divided into nine electoral districts, each represented by a Councillor. Three appointed Aldermen sit on the Council, which is chaired by the Mayor, currently Ian Atherley, an activist of the current People's National Movement government. At one point Atherley was on trial for ballot-box tampering in the 2002 General Elections. In March of 2006 he was cleared of the charges when video evidence was provided that contradicted the accusations. The Peoples National Movement is the ruling conservative political party in Trinidad and Tobago. ... Elections in Trinidad and Tobago gives information on election and election results in Trinidad and Tobago. ...

Economy

San Fernando is known as the Industrial Capital. Its economy is heavily dependent on the oil fields of southern Trinidad and the refinery at Pointe-à-Pierre. San Fernando serves as a shopping centre for much of southern Trinidad. Drilling rig in a small oil field Near Sarnia, Ontario, 2001 An oil field is an area with an abundance of oil wells extracting petroleum (oil) from below ground. ...

Culture and entertainment

Scenery/attractions

In terms of scenary, the major attraction is San Fernando Hill. The park at the top of the Hill gives a view of much of western Trinidad. Venezuela, on the South American mainland, is visible on clear days. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1024x768, 550 KB) Uploaded by Author; original may be viewed here: http://www. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1024x768, 550 KB) Uploaded by Author; original may be viewed here: http://www. ... South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ...

Harris Promenade, named after Lord Harris (Governor of Trinidad 1845-1854), houses City Hall, the Magistrates Court, Supreme Court, Police Station, Anglican, Roman Catholic and Methodist churches and two schools, St. Joseph's Convent, San Fernando and St. Gabriel's Girls R.C. School. There is also a bandstand, a statue of Mahatma Gandhi and the famous "last train" engine - the last train that was run in Trinidad. Usually referred to as simply "The Promenade", this area plays an important role in the life of the city. It runs parallel to the main shopping district (High Street), but lacks the busy throngs of people. It also serves as an important Judging Point for the J'ouvert portion of Trinidad and Tobago Carnival. The eastern end of the Promenade is known as Library Corner after the Carnegie Free Library (a gift from Andrew Carnegie) which was opened in 1919. Seven roads meet at Library Corner (including Harris Promenade, High Street, Pointe-a-Pierre Road, La Pique Road, Coffee Street and Mucarapo Street). Although Library Corner was once the transportation hub of San Fernando, this is no longer the case at taxi stands have been moved away from the centre of town in an attempt to relieve congestion. The San Fernando General Hospital is located at the western end of Harris Promenade. George Francis Robert Harris, 3rd Baron Harris (b. ... This page lists Governors of Trinidad. ... 1845 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1854 (MDCCCLIV) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... The term Anglican describes those people and churches following the religious traditions of the Church of England, especially following the Reformation. ... The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ... The Methodist movement is a group of denominations of Protestant Christianity. ... Categories: Buildings and structures stubs ... Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (Gujarati: , Hindi: , IAST: mohandÄs karamcand gÄndhÄ«, IPA: ) (October 2, 1869 â€“ January 30, 1948) was a major political and spiritual leader of the Indian independence movement. ... Jouvert - a contraction of the French jour ouvert, or day open (morning) - is a large street party during carnival in the eastern Caribbean region. ... Carnival in Trinidad and Tobago is the event of the year. ... Andrew Carnegie (November 25, 1835 â€“ August 11, 1919) was a Scottish-American businessman, a major philanthropist, and the founder of the Carnegie Steel Company which later became U.S. Steel. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...

Naparima Bowl is the performing arts centre in San Fernando. The performing arts include theater, motion pictures, drama, comedy, music, dance, opera, magic and the marching arts, such as brass bands, etc. ...

Media

The Trinidad Guardian and Trinidad Express newspapers have regional offices in San Fernando. The Trinidad Guardian (together with the Sunday Guardian) is the oldest daily newspaper in Trinidad and Tobago. ... The Trinidad and Tobago Express (and the Sunday Express) is one of three daily newspapers in Trinidad and Tobago. ...

Sports

Skinner Park was given to the people of San Fernando for recreational purposes such as football, cricket and other athletic events and training. It is also an important part of Carnival, where historically bands are judged and has been the site of the Semi-Finals of the Calypso Monarch celebrations. The role of "The Park" as a sporting venue has largely been supplanted by newer Manny Ramjohn Stadium in Marabella, on the northern end of town and by Guaracara Park in Pointe-à-Pierre. Football (soccer) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... For the insect, see Cricket (insect). ... Calypso is a style of Afro-Caribbean music which originated in the British and French colonial islands of the Caribbean at about the start of the 20th century. ... The Manny Ramjohn Stadium, located in Marabella (City of San Fernando), Trinidad and Tobago, is named for long-distance runner Manny Ramjohn, the first person to win a gold medal for Trinidad and Tobago in a major international sporting event. ... Marabella is a town in southern Trinidad, between San Fernando (to the south) and Pointe-à-Pierre (to the north). ...

Utilites

Electric generation is handled by Powergen, while electrical distribution is handled by the Trinidad and Tobago Electricity Commission (T&TEC). Powergen has one natural gas fired generation plants at Point Lisas, Penal and Wrightson Road in Port-of-Spain. Additional power can be supplied from power generation facilites controlled by Inncogen at Point Lisas. The Trinidad and Tobago Electricity Commission (T&TEC) is the sole provider of electricity in Trinidad and Tobago. ... Natural gas is a gaseous fossil fuel consisting primarily of methane. ... Point Lisas is the site of the Point Lisas Industrial Estate and the Port of Point Lisas, both of which are managed by Plipdeco (the Point Lisas Industrial Port Development Company). ... Penal (originally PeÃ±al) is a town in southern Trinidad. ... Wrightson Road links from downtown Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago with the Audrey Jeffers Highway. ...

Telecommunications are regulated by the Telecommunications Authority of Trinidad and Tobago (TATT). It has been working to de-monopolise the industry, granting several new licenses in 2005. Fixed-line telephone service is a monopoly controlled by Telecommunications Services of Trinidad and Tobago (TSTT). Licenses have been granted for competition in this area, but start-up is a while away. Wireless telephony is currently controlled by TSTT, but licenses have been granted for two private companies, Digicel and Laqtel to offer wireless service in competition with TSTT. Telecommunications Services of Trinidad and Tobago Limited (generally known as TSTT) is the largest telephone and Internet service provider in Trinidad and Tobago. ... Digicel is the leading mobile phone network provider in the Caribbean region. ... Laqtel, Ltd. ...

Water and sewerage are under the purview of the Water and Sewerage Authority of Trinidad and Tobago (WASA). The Water and Sewerage Authority of Trinidad and Tobago (WASA) is the sole water and sewerage provider in Trinidad and Tobago. ...

Prominent San Fernandians

Category: San Fernando Noor Mohamed Hassanali, (b. ... This page lists presidents of Trinidad and Tobago. ... 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... President Richards George Maxwell Richards, T.C., CMT, Ph. ... This page lists presidents of Trinidad and Tobago. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Dr. Jean Ramjohn-Richards (b. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Basdeo Panday Basdeo Panday (born May 25, 1933) was Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago from 1995 to 2001 and has served as Leader of the Opposition from 1976-1977, 1978-1986, 1989-1995 and 2001-present. ... This page lists prime ministers of Trinidad and Tobago. ... 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ... Patrick Manning Patrick Augustus Mervyn Manning (born August 17, 1946) is the current Prime Minister and Minister of Finance of Trinidad and Tobago and Political Leader of the Peoples National Movement (PNM). ... This page lists prime ministers of Trinidad and Tobago. ... 1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ... Lall Ramnath Sawh C.M.T., FRCS (Edin) is one of the most celebrated Urologists in the Caribbean and Latin America. ... Hasely Joachim Crawford (born August 16, 1950) is an athlete from Trinidad and Tobago. ... The five Olympic rings were designed in 1913, adopted in 1914 and debuted at the Games at Antwerp, 1920. ... 1976 (MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday. ... Manny Ramjohn (November 15, 1915-January 23, 1998) born in San Fernando and educated at Naparima College, San Fernando. ... Stephen Ames (born April 28, 1964 in San Fernando, Trinidad and Tobago) is a golfer on the PGA TOUR holding dual citizenship of Canada and Trinidad and Tobago. ... PGA means one of the following things: Professional Golfers Association Producers Guild of America Peoples Global Action Pin grid array, a type of packaging for integrated circuits Plastic grid array Professional Graphics Adapter, a video interface card for CAD applications An abbreviation for a type of prostaglandin (with PGB, PGC... Image File history File links Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago. ... Local Government in Trinidad and Tobago is handled through 5 municipalities, 9 Regional Corporations and the Tobago House of Assembly. ... Couva-Tabaquite-Talparo Regional Corporation is a Regional Corporation of Trinidad and Tobago. ... Diego Martin Regional Corporation is a Regional Corporation of Trinidad and Tobago. ... Penal-Debe Regional Corporation is a Regional Corporation of Trinidad and Tobago. ... Princes Town Regional Corporation is a Regional Corporation of Trinidad and Tobago. ... Rio Claro-Mayaro Regional Corporation is a Regional Corporation of Trinidad and Tobago. ... San Juan-Laventille Regional Corporation is a Regional Corporation of Trinidad and Tobago. ... Sangre Grande Regional Corporation is a Regional Corporation of Trinidad and Tobago. ... Siparia Regional Corporation is a Regional Corporation of Trinidad and Tobago. ... Tunapuna-Piarco Regional Corporation is a local government body in Trinidad and Tobago. ... A borough is an administrative division used in various countries. ... Chicago from the air. ... The Royal Borough of Arima (population 35,000) is the fourth largest town in Trinidad and Tobago. ... The Borough of Chaguanas is the largest (67,000, 2000 census) and fastest-growing town in Trinidad and Tobago. ... Port of Spain, population 49,000 (2000), is the capital of Trinidad and Tobago and the countrys second largest city by population, after San Fernando. ... Point Fortin in southwestern Trinidad is the smallest Borough in Trinidad and Tobago. ... The Tobago House of Assembly is the local government body responsible for the island of Tobago within the twin-island nation of Trinidad and Tobago. ... This does not cite its references or sources. ... The County of Caroni is located on the island of Trinidad, the major island in the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. ... Mayaro is the name of a bay, a county, and a group of villages in southeastern Trinidad and Tobago. ... Nariva is a county in Trinidad and Tobago. ... Saint Andrew is a county in Trinidad and Tobago. ... Saint David is a county in Trinidad and Tobago which occupies 202 km2 (78 square miles) in the northeastern corner of the island of Trinidad. ... Blanchisseuse beach, Saint George Saint George is a county in Trinidad and Tobago. ... Saint Patrick is a county in Trinidad and Tobago which occupies an area of 673 km2 (260 mi2). ... Victoria is a county in Trinidad and Tobago. ...

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