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Encyclopedia > San Luis Valley
The Great Sand Dunes sit directly west of the Sangre de Cristo Range, which is featured in the background.

The San Luis Valley (IPA: /saːn luː'i 'vɒli/) is a very extensive alpine valley (approximately 8,000 square miles, with an elevation of about 7500 feet above sea level) in the Rio Grande Basin of south-central Colorado and an adjacent region of New Mexico in the United States. The valley is drained to the south by the Rio Grande River which rises in the San Juan Mountains to the west of the valley and flows south into New Mexico. The valley is approximately 122 miles (196 km) long and 74 miles (119 km) wide, extending from the Continental Divide on the northwest side into New Mexico on the south, and sits atop the Rio Grande Rift. Image File history File linksMetadata SDC_Range_GSDNP.jpg Description: View of the Great Sand Dunes National Park with the Sange de Cristo Mountains in the background Source: Self Date: 7. ... Image File history File linksMetadata SDC_Range_GSDNP.jpg Description: View of the Great Sand Dunes National Park with the Sange de Cristo Mountains in the background Source: Self Date: 7. ... IPA may refer to: The International Phonetic Alphabet or India Pale Ale ... This chart shows concisely the most common way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is applied to represent the English language. ... For other uses, see Rio Grande (disambiguation). ... Official language(s) English Capital Denver Largest city Denver Largest metro area Denver-Aurora Metro Area Area  Ranked 8th  - Total 104,185 sq mi (269,837 km²)  - Width 280 miles (451 km)  - Length 380 miles (612 km)  - % water 0. ... Capital Santa Fe Largest city Albuquerque Area  Ranked 5th  - Total 121,665 sq mi (315,194 km²)  - Width 342 miles (550 km)  - Length 370 miles (595 km)  - % water 0. ... This article is about the river that empties into the Gulf of Mexico. ... The San Juan Mountains are a rugged mountain range in the Rocky Mountains in southwestern Colorado. ... Capital Santa Fe Largest city Albuquerque Area  Ranked 5th  - Total 121,665 sq mi (315,194 km²)  - Width 342 miles (550 km)  - Length 370 miles (595 km)  - % water 0. ... A continental divide is a line of elevated terrain which forms a border between two watersheds such that water falling on one side of the line eventually travels to one ocean or body of water, and water on the other side travels to another, generally on the opposite side of... Capital Santa Fe Largest city Albuquerque Area  Ranked 5th  - Total 121,665 sq mi (315,194 km²)  - Width 342 miles (550 km)  - Length 370 miles (595 km)  - % water 0. ... The Rio Grande Rift is a rift valley extending north from Mexico, near El Paso, Texas through New Mexico into central Colorado. ...

Contents

Geography

The San Luis Valley is generally considered to comprise 6 Colorado counties: Saguache, Alamosa, Rio Grande, Conejos, Costilla and Mineral. The principal towns are: Alamosa, Monte Vista, Del Norte, South Fork, Creede, Saguache, Center, Fort Garland, San Luis, Antonito, La Jara, Capulin, Manassa, Crestone, Villa Grove, Hooper, Mosca, San Acacio, Colorado and a number of smaller locations, some ghost towns. A few other counties of Colorado have some land in the Rio Grande Basin including Archuleta County, Hinsdale County and San Juan County. Saguache County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. ... Alamosa County, Colorado Alamosa County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. ... Rio Grande County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. ... Conejos County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. ... Costilla County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. ... Mineral County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. ... Alamosa is a city located in Alamosa County, Colorado. ... Monte Vista is a city located in Rio Grande County, Colorado. ... Del Norte is a town located in Rio Grande County, Colorado. ... South Fork is a town located in Rio Grande County, Colorado. ... Creede is a town located in Mineral County, Colorado. ... Saguache is a town located in Saguache County, Colorado. ... Center is a town located in Rio Grande County, Colorado. ... Fort Garland is a census-designated place located in Costilla County, Colorado. ... The Town of San Luis (IPA: //) is a Statutory Town located in Costilla County, Colorado, USA. Officially established on 1851-04-09, by Hispanic settlers from Taos, New Mexico, San Luis is the oldest town in the State of Colorado. ... Antonito is a town in Conejos County, Colorado, United States. ... La Jara is a town in Conejos County, Colorado, United States. ... Capulin is an unincorporated town and U.S. Post Office in Conejos County, Colorado, United States. ... Manassa is a town located in Conejos County, Colorado. ... Houses in Crestone Crestone is a town located in Saguache County, Colorado. ... Villa Grove is an unincorporated town and a U.S. Post Office located in Saguache County, Colorado, United States. ... Hooper is a town located in Alamosa County, Colorado. ... Mosca is an unincorporated town and a U.S. Post Office located in Alamosa County, Colorado, United States. ... San Acacio is an unincorporated town located in Conejos County, Colorado, United States. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Archuleta County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. ... Hinsdale County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. ... San Juan County is the name of four counties in the United States: San Juan County, Colorado San Juan County, New Mexico San Juan County, Utah San Juan County, Washington This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title. ...

Typical greasewood "chico brush" in the Closed Basin of the northern San Luis Valley in Colorado. Taken just south of the bridge over La Garita Creek on Highway 17 between Hooper and Moffat, Colorado. View is to the southeast. The Great Sand Dunes are in the background as are the Sangre De Cristo Mountains. Mosca Pass is the low point, Mount Blanca the peak on the right.
Typical greasewood "chico brush" in the Closed Basin of the northern San Luis Valley in Colorado. Taken just south of the bridge over La Garita Creek on Highway 17 between Hooper and Moffat, Colorado. View is to the southeast. The Great Sand Dunes are in the background as are the Sangre De Cristo Mountains. Mosca Pass is the low point, Mount Blanca the peak on the right.

The Sangre de Cristo Mountains form the eastern border of the valley. Blanca Peak is prominent at the southern end of the northernmost section of the mountains, which is known as the Sangre de Cristo Range. There are several passes, with elevations between 9,000 and 10,000 feet (2,700 and 3,000 m), giving access to the valley. La Veta pass, through the Sangre de Cristo Mountains, is used by US Highway 160 and by the Denver and Rio Grande Railroad (D. & R. G.) tracks. Other passes used historically were Medano, Mosca and Sangre de Cristo Passes. Otto Mears was the engineering genius behind the construction of a railroad link that ran from the Arkansas River, over Poncha Pass (at the north end of the valley), and into the San Luis Valley. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 534 pixelsFull resolution (832 × 555 pixel, file size: 181 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 534 pixelsFull resolution (832 × 555 pixel, file size: 181 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Species See text. ... The Sangre de Cristo Mountains are a mountain range of the Rocky Mountains located in northern New Mexico and southern Colorado in the United States. ... Blanca Peak (elevation 14,345 ft) is the fourth highest mountain in the U.S. state of Colorado. ... The Sangre de Cristo Range is a narrow mountain range of the Rocky Mountains running north and south along the east side of the Rio Grande Rift in southern Colorado in the United States. ... U.S. Highway 160 is an east-west United States highway. ... Categories: Rail stubs | Defunct railroad companies of the United States | Colorado railroads | New Mexico railroads | Utah railroads ... Poncha Pass (9,012 ft/2,745 m) is a mountain pass in South-Central Colorado (USA). ...


The Great Sand Dunes is a famous feature of the valley. It lies directly to the west of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains. The dunes can reach 750 feet high. The Great Sands Dunes National Park and Preserve is now in place to protect both the dunes and the numerous archeological sites found in the area. The natural valley aquifer is close to the surface in this part of the valley, and helps with maintenance of water levels in the San Luis Lakes, just to the west of the sand dunes. Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve became a United States National Park by an act of Congress on September 13, 2004. ...


Elevation rises as you go north in the valley to Poncha Pass, used now by US Highway 285 and historically by the narrow gauge tracks of the D. & R. G. U.S. Highway 285 is a north-south United States highway. ... Narrow-gauge railways are railroads (railways) with track spaced at less than the standard gauge of 4 ft 8½ in (1. ... Categories: Rail stubs | Defunct railroad companies of the United States | Colorado railroads | New Mexico railroads | Utah railroads ...


History

The San Luis Valley was long part of the lands of the numerous and powerful Ute Indians. The Valley was the first portion of Colorado to be settled by people of European descent: the first Spanish land grant in the area was made in 1742, but farmers and ranchers from northern New Mexico may have homesteaded as early as the middle 1600s. The area was administered as part of the Spanish, later Mexican, province of Nuevo Mexico until the area was purchased by the United States as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848. Extensive settlement began in the Valley, again primarily by Hispanic farmers and ranchers from New Mexico in the 1850s. The history of the post-war US military presence in the Valley is preserved at Fort Garland and other sites in the Valley, which became part of the Territory of Colorado in 1861. Today, the Valley has the largest native Hispanic population in Colorado; many families are directly descended from the original New Mexican settlers. The original Ute population was confined to the Southern Ute and Ute Mountain Indian reservations in the late 1800s. Ute may refer to: The Ute, a tribe of Native Americans of the Uto-Aztecan language family. ... Capital Santa Fe Largest city Albuquerque Area  Ranked 5th  - Total 121,665 sq mi (315,194 km²)  - Width 342 miles (550 km)  - Length 370 miles (595 km)  - % water 0. ... This article needs cleanup. ... The Mexican Cession (red) and the Gadsden Purchase (orange). ... Established in 1858 in southern Colorado, Fort Garland, with its garrison of over 100 men, served to protect the earliest settlers in the San Luis Valley, then part of the Territory of New Mexico. ... Ute Mountain, also known as Sleeping Ute Mountain or Sleeping Man Mountain, is a small range of mountains in Montezuma County in extreme Southwestern Colorado, just northeast of the Four Corners Monument. ...


Land ownership and management

About 50% of the 2,000,000 acres (8,000 km²) in the San Luis Valley is privately owned. Much of the land in the Valley floor itself was originally part of large Spanish and Mexican land grants.


500,000 acres (2,000 km²) on the borders of the valley (generally adjacent to National Forest Lands) are managed by the Bureau of Land Management, BLM, a division of the United States Department of the Interior. This land is usually leased to neighboring ranches for grazing for a nominal fee. Part of the value of a ranch is its continuing lease of BLM or National Forest lands. US BLM logo The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) is an agency within the United States Department of the Interior which administers Americas public lands, totaling approximately 261 million surface acres (1,056,229. ... The United States Department of the Interior (DOI) is a Cabinet department of the United States government that manages and conserves most federally owned land. ... Ranching is the raising of cattle or sheep on rangeland, although one might also speak of ranching with regard to less common livestock such as elk, bison or emu. ...


Public lands in the mountains surrounding the San Luis Valley are generally part of the Rio Grande National Forest and are managed by the United States Forest Service. This article is on national forests in the United States. ... Logo of the U.S. Forest Service. ...


Large areas of private lands have either been subdivided into subdivisions of small "ranch" lots or have been sold or donated to the Federal government and make up portions of the Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve, other wildlife preserves, and various state wildlife sites.


Agriculture and wildlife

Agriculture in the San Luis Valley is generally concentrated around the Colorado towns of Alamosa, Monte Vista and Center. Principal crops include potatoes, head lettuce and beer barley. Less favored areas with a shorter growing season and less access to water rights tend to be devoted to alfalfa and grazing. Broad areas, especially in Saguache County, Colorado have a high water table or are even flooded part of the year. Uncultivated land is often covered with "chico", low brush such as rabbitbrush, greasewood and other woody species. Cropland is typically irrigated with large (1/4-mile diameter) circular-pivot irrigation systems, and a common feature of the Rio Grande Delta area where the Rio Grande enters the valley are large piles of potato-sized rocks screened from the soil. Alamosa is a city located in Alamosa County, Colorado. ... Monte Vista is a city located in Rio Grande County, Colorado. ... Center is a town located in Rio Grande County, Colorado. ... For other uses, see Potato (disambiguation). ... Binomial name L. Percentages are relative to US recommendations for adults. ... Binomial name L. Barley (Hordeum vulgare) is an annual cereal grain, which serves as a major animal feed crop, with smaller amounts used for malting and in health food. ... For the Our Gang (Little Rascals) character, see Carl Switzer. ... Grazing To feed on growing herbage, attached algae, or phytoplankton. ... Saguache County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. ... Cross section showing the water table varying with surface topography as well as a perched water table The water table or phreatic surface is the surface where the water pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure. ... Species See text. ... Species See text. ...


The area supports a wide variety of wildlife. Sandhill cranes migrate through the valley every spring and fall. The Monte Vista Crane Festival takes place in March, centering on the wildlife refuge located six miles south of town. Occasionally, a whooping crane can be spotted among the thoudsands of grey sandhills. The valley is a flyway for many migrating birds including avocets, bald eagles, gold finches, and a plethora of hawk varieties.


Artistic community

There are over 300 known artists living in the San Luis Valley as evidenced by an onging directory maintained by Monte Vista artists' group, [1] The Art Thing. The Art Thing's membership boasts several nationally recognised artists working in various media.


Economy

Predominantly agricultural in nature, the area is also one of the poorest rural areas of Colorado, and is a net exporter of its children. Tourism has become a more important part of the economy in recent years, coupled with attempts to establish the area as a retirement community. Adams State College, a government-run four-year college at Alamosa, with approximately 2,500 resident students, is the major educational institution in the Valley. San Luis Valley Regional Medical Center, a full service Acute-Care hospital and specialty physician clinic is the largest employer in the Valley with over 600 employees. Adams State College is a small state-supported liberal arts college in Alamosa, Colorado, USA, in Colorados San Luis Valley. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into San Luis Valley Regional Medical Center. ...


The "Mysterious" Valley

In 1996 paranormal researcher Chris O'Brien published a bestselling book, The Mysterious Valley. O'Brien, who lives in the San Luis Valley, wrote about about the numerous strange events he had investigated in the valley. According to O'Brien, UFO sightings, Bigfoot sightings, cattle mutilations, weird noises and apparations, and unusual military activity all occurred in the San Luis Valley on a frequent basis. O'Brien went on to publish two more books about the paranormal activities in the valley. In 1997 O'Brien and the San Luis Valley were prominently featured on the TBS television documentary Searching for UFOs. However, skeptics have charged that the San Luis Valley has no more unusual happenings or stories than any other region, and that people such as O'Brien have used and exaggerated "tall tales" from locals to publish books of dubious merit. // Paranormal is an umbrella term used to describe a wide variety of reported anomalous phenomena. ... UFO can mean: Unidentified flying object United Future Organization, a Japanese-Brazilian electronic jazz band UFO, the rock band that previously featured Michael Schenker UFO, the Gerry Anderson TV series United Farmers of Ontario, a political party that formed the government in Ontario from 1919 to 1923 U.F.O... It has been suggested that Evidence regarding Bigfoot be merged into this article or section. ... Cattle mutilation (also known as bovine excision[1]) is the killing and then mutilation of cattle, under unusual or anomalous circumstances. ... The acronym TBS may refer to: Broadcasting networks: Turner Broadcasting System, an international media company whose assets include the TBS cable network Tokyo Broadcasting System, a TV station in Tokyo, Japan TBS Radio & Communications, a radio station in Tokyo founded by the above Taiwan Broadcasting System Other: Tablespoon Taking Back...


External links



  Results from FactBites:
 
San Luis Valley - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (759 words)
San Luis Valley is a large broad alpine valley in the Rio Grande Basin of south-central Colorado.
The valley is drained to the south by the Rio Grande which rises in the San Juan Mountains to the west of the valley and flows south into New Mexico.
The San Luis Valley is generally considered to be comprised of 6 counties: Saguaghe, Alamosa, Rio Grande, Conejos, Costilla and Mineral.
SAN LUIS VALLEY PROJ. D2 (5991 words)
The valley extends south from Poncha Pass to beyond the Colorado-New Mexico state line, and is bordered on the east by the Sangre de Cristo Mountains, and by the San Juan Mountains and the Continental Divide to the west.
The Colorado gold rush of 1859 passed the valley by, and agriculture remained the primary economic activity in the valley.
All operations of the San Luis Valley Project are subject to the provisions of the Rio Grande Compact of 1938 regulating the development of the waters of the Rio Grande River north of Fort Quitman, Texas.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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