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Encyclopedia > San Rafael Swell
Location of San Rafael Swell in Utah

The San Rafael Swell is a large geologic feature located in south-central Utah, USA about 30 miles (50 km) west of Green River, Utah. The San Rafael Swell, approximately 75 miles by 40 miles (120 x 65 km), consists of a giant dome-shaped anticline of sandstone, shale, and limestone that was pushed up millions of years ago. Since that time, infrequent but powerful flash floods have eroded the sedimentary rocks into numerous valleys, canyons, gorges, mesas and buttes. The Swell is part of the Colorado Plateau physiographic region. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... This article includes a list of works cited but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... Official language(s) English Capital Salt Lake City Largest city Salt Lake City Area  Ranked 13th  - Total 84,889 sq mi (219,887 km²)  - Width 270 miles (435 km)  - Length 350 miles (565 km)  - % water 3. ... Green River is a city located in Utah. ... Anticline with syncline visible at far right- USGS In structural geology, an anticline is a Fold (geology) that is convex to the youngest beds—youngest sediments are on back of hand, older under the palm. ... Flash flooding is rapid flooding of low-lying areas, rivers and creeks that is caused by the intense rainfall associated with a thunderstorm, or multiple training thunderstorms. ... Two types of sedimentary rock: limey shale overlaid by limestone. ... Fljótsdalur in East Iceland, a rather flat valley A valley or a low area between two hills dale (in Scotland, a glen) is a landform, which can range from a few square kilometres to hundreds or even thousands of square kilometres in area. ... Grand Canyon, Arizona Noravank Monastery complex and canyon in Armenia. ... A gorge is a narrow passage between steep mountains or hills. ... Mathematics Engineering and Science Achievement (MESA) is a current program that is building in schools around the United States. ... Butte near Sedona, Arizona A butte is an isolated hill with steep sides and a small flat top. ... The Colorado Plateau, also called the Colorado Plateaus Province, is a physiographic region of the Intermontane Plateaus, roughly centered on the Four Corners region of the southwestern United States. ... Continental U.S physiographic regions Legend for map There are eight distinct U. S. physiographic regions within the continental United States. ...

Contents

Geography

Interstate 70 divides the San Rafael Swell
Interstate 70 divides the San Rafael Swell

Interstate 70 divides the Swell into northern and southern sections, and provides the only paved road access to the region. The swell lies almost entirely within Emery County. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2946x1966, 2052 KB) w:Intertate 70 dividing the w:San Rafael Swell, Utah. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2946x1966, 2052 KB) w:Intertate 70 dividing the w:San Rafael Swell, Utah. ... Interstate 70 (abbreviated I-70) is a long interstate highway in the United States that runs from Interstate 15 about a mile from Cove Fort, Utah to a Park and Ride in Baltimore, Maryland. ... Interstate 70 (abbreviated I-70) is a long interstate highway in the United States that runs from Interstate 15 about a mile from Cove Fort, Utah to a Park and Ride in Baltimore, Maryland. ... Emery County is a county located in the state of Utah. ...


The northern Swell is drained by the San Rafael River, while the southern Swell is drained by a number of small creeks which eventually join the Dirty Devil River in Hanksville, Utah. The Dirty Devil River is a tributary of the Colorado River, while the San Rafael River joins the Green River before it also flows into the Colorado. Muddy Creek cuts into the western edge of the Swell, exits at Muddy Creek Gorge, and then flows into the Fremont River. The San Rafael River is a tributary of the Green River, approximately 90 mi (145 km) long, in east central Utah in the United States. ... The Dirty Devil River near Twin Corral Box Canyon The Dirty Devil River is a tributary of the Colorado River, approximately 80 mi (129 km) long, in south central Utah in the United States. ... Hanksville is a city in eastern Wayne County, Utah located at the junction of Utah State Route 24 and Utah State Route 95. ... The Colorado River from the bottom of Marble Canyon, in the Upper Grand Canyon Colorado River in the Grand Canyon from Desert View The Colorado River from Laughlin The Colorado River is a river in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico, approximately 1,450 mi (2,330 km) long... The Green River, a tributary of the Colorado, is shown highlighted on a map of the western United States. ... The Chute of Muddy Creek, Utah Muddy Creek is a stream draining portions of Emery and Wayne Counties in central Utah, in the western United States. ... The Fremont River in Utah flows from the Johnson Valley Reservoir near Fishlake southwest through Capitol Reef National Park to the Muddy Creek near Hanksville where the two rivers combine to form the Dirty Devil River, a tributary of the Colorado River. ...


Geology

San Rafael Reef
San Rafael Reef

The San Rafael Swell was formed when deeply buried Precambrian rocks faulted, or broke, during the Laramide orogeny, about 60 million years ago. These "basement" rocks below the present-day Swell moved upwards relative to the surrounding areas and caused the overlying sedimentary rocks to fold into a dome-like shape called an anticline. The resulting structure is analogous to a series of blankets draped over a box. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 523 pixelsFull resolution (918 × 600 pixel, file size: 130 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) San Rafael Reef, Utah, looking north from near I-70. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 523 pixelsFull resolution (918 × 600 pixel, file size: 130 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) San Rafael Reef, Utah, looking north from near I-70. ... The Waterpocket Fold is the major geographic feature in the area of the park. ... The Precambrian (Pre-Cambrian) is an informal name for the eons of the geologic timescale that came before the current Phanerozoic eon. ... Geologic faults, fault lines or simply faults are planar rock fractures, which show evidence of relative movement. ... The Laramide orogeny was a period of mountain building in western North America, which started in the Late Cretaceous, 70 to 80 million years ago, and ended 35 to 55 million years ago. ... Fold or folding may refer to: fold (geology) folding, in poker, is the act of withdrawing from a hand rather than meeting the bet folding ingredients together is a cooking technique protein folding origami, the art of paper folding pattern welding, the folding of metal This is a disambiguation page... Anticline with syncline visible at far right- USGS In structural geology, an anticline is a Fold (geology) that is convex to the youngest beds—youngest sediments are on back of hand, older under the palm. ...


Since that time, the relentless force of running water has eroded the geologic layers, resulting in older rocks becoming exposed in the middle of the Swell, and younger rocks exposed around the edges. Many of the most impressive landforms are composed of more resistant rocks, including the Jurassic Navajo Sandstone, Triassic Wingate Sandstone, and Permian Coconino Sandstone. The folding is much steeper on the eastern edge of the Swell than in the west, and this eastern edge is referred to as the San Rafael Reef. For other uses, see strata (novel) and strata title. ... The Jurassic Period is a major unit of the geologic timescale that extends from about 199. ... This article belongs in one or more categories. ... The Triassic is a geologic period that extends from about 251 ± 0. ... Wingate Sandstone is a geologic formation in the Glen Canyon Group that is spread across the Colorado Plateau province of the United States, including northern Arizona, northwest Colorado, Nevada, and Utah. ... The Permian is a geologic period that extends from about 299. ... Coconino Sandstone at the Chute of Muddy Creek, Utah Coconino Sandstone is a geologic formation that spreads across the Colorado Plateau province of the United States, including northern Arizona, northwest Colorado, Nevada, and Utah. ... The San Rafael Reef is a geologic feature located in Emery County in central Utah, part of the Colorado Plateau. ...


Part of swell has geographic features that resembles Mars. The Mars Society decided to set up the Mars Desert Research Station in the area as a Mars analog for such reasons. Adjectives: Martian Atmosphere Surface pressure: 0. ... Mars Society logo. ... The Mars Desert Research Station (MDRS) is one of four planned simulated Mars habitats (or Mars Analogue Research Station) maintained by the Mars Society. ...


History

Evidence of Native American cultures, including the Fremont, Paiute, and Ute, is common throughout the San Rafael Swell in the form of pictograph and petroglyph panels. From about 1776 to the mid-1850's the Old Spanish Trail trade route passed through (or just north of) the Swell. In the past 150 years, areas of the Swell have been used for the grazing of sheep and cattle, as well as for uranium mining. Although surrounded by the communities of Price, Green River, Hanksville, Ferron, Castle Dale, and Huntington, the Swell itself does not support permanent residents. Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States, including parts of Alaska. ... Categories: Native American tribes | Stub ... Paiute women and children in Yosemite Valley 1891. ... The Utes (/juːts/; yoots) are an ethnically related group of American Indians now living primarily in Utah and Colorado. ... Pictogram for public toilets A pictogram or pictograph is a symbol which represents an object or a concept by illustration. ... Petroglyphs on Newspaper Rock State Historic Monument, southern Utah, USA Petroglyphs are images created by removing part of a rock surfaces by incising, pecking, carving, and abrading. ... The Old Spanish Trail is a historic trade route which connected the northern New Mexican settlement of Santa Fé with that of Los Ángeles in California. ... Grazing To feed on growing herbage, attached algae, or phytoplankton. ... “Lamb” redirects here. ... Binomial name Bos taurus Linnaeus, 1758 Cattle (often called cows in vernacular and contemporary usage, or kye as the Scots plural of cou) are domesticated ungulates, a member of the subfamily Bovinae of the family Bovidae. ... General Name, Symbol, Number uranium, U, 92 Chemical series actinides Group, Period, Block n/a, 7, f Appearance silvery gray metallic; corrodes to a spalling black oxide coat in air Standard atomic weight 238. ... Chuquicamata, the largest open pit copper mine in the world, Chile. ... Price is a city in Carbon County, Utah, United States. ... Green River is a city located in Utah. ... Hanksville is a city in eastern Wayne County, Utah located at the junction of Utah State Route 24 and Utah State Route 95. ... Ferron is a city located in Emery County, Utah. ... Castle Dale is a city located in Emery County, Utah. ... Huntington is a city located in Emery County, Utah. ...


Administration

Entrance to the Muddy Creek Gorge
Entrance to the Muddy Creek Gorge

The area is managed by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management, although the Swell as a whole does not currently enjoy special protection, parts of it are protected as wilderness study areas. Cattle grazing is only allowed in parts of The Swell that are not designated as such. In 2002, then-governor Mike Leavitt of Utah proposed the creation of a San Rafael Swell National Monument. President George Bush, who has authority to create such a National Monument under the Antiquities Act, has yet to act on Leavitt's proposal as of 2006. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 534 pixelsFull resolution (899 × 600 pixel, file size: 123 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Muddy Creek Gorge, Utah, looking north to the point where it exits the San Rafael Reef. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 534 pixelsFull resolution (899 × 600 pixel, file size: 123 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Muddy Creek Gorge, Utah, looking north to the point where it exits the San Rafael Reef. ... The Chute of Muddy Creek, Utah Muddy Creek is a stream draining portions of Emery and Wayne Counties in central Utah, in the western United States. ... Motto: (Out Of Many, One) (traditional) In God We Trust (1956 to date) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington D.C. Largest city New York City None at federal level (English de facto) Government Federal constitutional republic  - President George Walker Bush (R)  - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence from... US BLM logo The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) is an agency within the United States Department of the Interior which administers Americas public lands, totaling approximately 261 million surface acres (1,056,229. ... For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ... Michael Okerlund Leavitt (born February 11, 1951 in Cedar City, Utah) is an American politician, and is currently the Secretary of Health and Human Services. ... Navajo National Monument Devils Tower National Monument Statue of Liberty National Monument Fort Matanzas National Monument A National Monument is a protected area of the United States that is similar to a national park (specifically a U.S. National Park) except that the President of the United States can quickly... The presidential seal is a well-known symbol of the presidency. ... George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is the 43rd and current President of the United States, inaugurated on January 20, 2001. ... The Antiquities Act of 1906 is an act passed by the United States Congress and signed into law by Theodore Roosevelt giving the President of the United States authority to place certain lands under control of the federal government by executive order, bypassing Congressional oversight. ...


Recreation

The San Rafael Swell attracts hikers, backpackers, horseback riders, and all-terrain vehicle (ATV) enthusiasts. Many steep, narrow slot canyons popular with technical canyoneers are found in the San Rafael Reef. The use of ATVs in the Swell is controversial, as environmentalists draw attention to the fact that off-road vehicles damage the fragile desert cryptobiotic soils. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 200 pixelsFull resolution (1600 × 400 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 200 pixelsFull resolution (1600 × 400 pixel, file size: 1. ... Goblin Valley is Utahs skull in the sky, parade of elephants, and dance of dolls. ... Two hikers in the Mount Hood National Forest Eagle Creek hiking Hiking is a form of walking, undertaken with the specific purpose of exploring and enjoying the scenery. ... Backpacking in the Grand Teton National Park, United States Backpacking (also tramping or trekking or bushwalking in some countries) combines hiking and camping in a single trip. ... horse, see Horse (disambiguation). ... The term All-Terrain Vehicle or ATV is used in a general sense to describe any of a number of small open motorized buggies and tricycles designed for off-road use. ... Canyoning (known in the U.S. as canyoneering) is a sport popular in several countries. ... For the psychology topic, see Environmental psychology. ... A Cryptobiotic soil is a biological soil crust composed of living cyanobacteria, green algae, brown algae, fungi, lichens, and/or mosses. ...


Goblin Valley State Park is on the southeastern edge of the San Rafael Swell. Goblin Valley is Utahs skull in the sky, parade of elephants, and dance of dolls. ...


References

  • Allen, Steve, Canyoneering: The San Rafael Swell, 1992. ISBN 0-87480-372-1
  • Kelsey, Michael R. Hiking and Exploring Utah's San Rafael Swell, 3rd edition, 1999. ISBN 0-944510-17-5

External links

  • Maps and aerial photos for 38°48′47″N 110°51′18″W / 38.813, -110.855Coordinates: 38°48′47″N 110°51′18″W / 38.813, -110.855

  Results from FactBites:
 
San Rafael Swell - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (651 words)
The San Rafael Swell, approximately 75 miles by 40 miles (120 x 65 km), consists of a giant dome-shaped anticline of sandstone, shale, and limestone that was pushed up millions of years ago.
The northern Swell is drained by the San Rafael River, while the southern Swell is drained by a number of small creeks which eventually join the Dirty Devil River in Hanksville, Utah.
The use of ATVs in the Swell is controversial, as environmentalists draw attention to the fact that off-road vehicles damage the fragile desert cryptobiotic soils.
San Rafael Swell, Utah Travel & Vacation Guide (174 words)
The San Rafael Swell is a terrifically wild and seldom visited area of desert canyons in the heart of Utah.
The San Rafael River through the "Little Grand Canyon" makes for a pleasant flat water trip by raft or canoe, but only from May to June, when the water is high.
The San Rafael Swell occupies an area 65 miles north to south and 40 miles across.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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