"Sanction" is an interesting word, in that, depending on context, it can have diametrically opposing meanings. Words like this are called contronyms.
A judge may "sanction" a party during a legal proceeding, by which it is meant that he imposes sanctions (penalties).
Conversely, the word may be used to mean "approve of," especially in an official sense. "The law sanctions such behavior" would mean that the behavior spoken of enjoys the specific approval of law.
Trade sanctions - economic sanctions applied for non-political reasons, typically as part of a trade dispute, or for purely economic reasons, and typically involving tariffs or similar measures, rather than bans.
In a legal context, sanctions are penalties imposed by the courts.
In Dragonlance, Sanction is the name of a city situated in the continent of Ansalon.
Sanctions often have taken the form of a naval blockade intended to weaken the enemy during wartime.
Judging the effectiveness of sanctions requires sorting out the various goals sought, analyzing whether the type and scope of the sanction chosen was appropriate to the occasion, and determining the economic and political impact on the target country.
For multilateral sanctions, increasing economic interdependence is a double-edged sword.
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