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Santa Cruz de la Sierra Santa Cruz
Flag Coat of arms
Coordinates: 17°48′S 63°10′W / -17.8, -63.167
Country	Bolivia
Department	Santa Cruz
Province	Andrés Ibáñez
Founded	February 26, 1561
Government
- Mayor	Percy Fernández
Area
- City	325.57 km²  (125.7 sq mi)
Elevation	416 m (1,365 ft)
Population (2006)[1]
- City	1,528,683
- Density	4,215.24/km² (10,917.4/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC-4 (UTC)
Website: http://www.gmsantacruz.gov.bo/

This article is about the Bolivian city. For other cities named Santa Cruz, see Santa Cruz

Coordinates: 17°48′S, 63°10′W Image File history File links Broom_icon. ... Image File history File links Torres_CAINCO2. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_santacruz. ... Image File history File links Escudo_Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra. ... Image File history File links Distritosdesantacruz. ... This is an alphabetical list of the sovereign states of the world, including both de jure and de facto independent states. ... Bolivia is divided into nine departments (Spanish: departamentos). ... Motto: ¡Arriba cruceños, hagamos historia! (Stand up cruceños, lets make history!) Himno: Bajo el cielo más puro de América Capital Santa Cruz de la Sierra Largest city Santa Cruz de la Sierra Official languages Spanish, Guaraní Provinces 15 Area  - total  - % de Bolivia Place nº 1... On the second level Bolivia is divided into provinces. ... This article is about the physical quantity. ... To help compare different orders of magnitude and geographical regions, we list here areas between 100 km² and 1000 km². See also areas of other orders of magnitude. ... A square mile is an English unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (≈1,609 m) in length. ... Elevation histogram of the surface of the Earth – approximately 71% of the Earths surface is covered with water. ... This article is about the unit of length. ... A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... Population density per square kilometre by country, 2006 Population density map of the world in 1994. ... Timezone and TimeZone redirect here. ... −12 | −11 | −10 | −9:30 | −9 | −8 | −7 | −6 | −5 | −4 | −3:30 | −3 | −2:30 | −2 | −1 | −0:25 | UTC (0) | +0:20 | +0:30 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +3:30 | +4 | +4:30 | +4:51 | +5 | +5:30 | +5:40 | +5:45 | +6 | +6:30 | +7 | +7:20 | +7... ... Santa Cruz, Spanish and Portuguese for Holy Cross, is the name of several cities, regions, and other geographical features around the world: Argentina Puerto Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz province Santa Cruz Province, Argentina Bolivia Santa Cruz de la Sierra Santa Cruz Department Brazil Santa Cruz, Espírito Santo Santa Cruz... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...

Santa Cruz de La Sierra, commonly known as Santa Cruz, is the capital city of the Santa Cruz department in eastern Bolivia. With a population of 1,528,683 inhabitants (2006 official estimate^[2]), Santa Cruz is the largest city in Bolivia. Motto: ¡Arriba cruceños, hagamos historia! (Stand up cruceños, lets make history!) Himno: Bajo el cielo más puro de América Capital Santa Cruz de la Sierra Largest city Santa Cruz de la Sierra Official languages Spanish, Guaraní Provinces 15 Area  - total  - % de Bolivia Place nº 1...

Geography

The city of Santa Cruz de la Sierra is located in the eastern part of the country (17°45', South, 63°14', West) at 416 m above sea level. It is part of the province of Andres Ibañez and the capital of the department (state) of Santa Cruz. For considerations of sea level change, in particular rise associated with possible global warming, see sea level rise. ...

Climate

The weather is semi-tropical, with an average annual temperature around 21 °C (or 70 °F). Although the weather is generally warm all year round, cold wind patterns, called "surazos", can blow in occasionally (especially in the winter) from the Argentine pampas making the temperature drop considerably. The months of greatest rainfall are January and February. The pampas (from Quechua for plain) are the fertile lowlands that extend across c. ...

For other uses, see Spring. ... For other uses, see Summer (disambiguation). ... This article is about the temperate season. ... Winter is one of the four seasons of temperate zones. ... Celsius is, or relates to, the Celsius temperature scale (previously known as the centigrade scale). ... Celsius is, or relates to, the Celsius temperature scale (previously known as the centigrade scale). ... Celsius is, or relates to, the Celsius temperature scale (previously known as the centigrade scale). ... Celsius is, or relates to, the Celsius temperature scale (previously known as the centigrade scale). ... Celsius is, or relates to, the Celsius temperature scale (previously known as the centigrade scale). ... Celsius is, or relates to, the Celsius temperature scale (previously known as the centigrade scale). ... Celsius is, or relates to, the Celsius temperature scale (previously known as the centigrade scale). ... Celsius is, or relates to, the Celsius temperature scale (previously known as the centigrade scale). ...

History

Santa Cruz de La Sierra was first founded on February 26, 1561 by Ñuflo de Chávez who gave the new settlement its name, which means "Holy Cross of the Hills," in honor of his beloved native city in Extremadura, Spain. Ñuflo de Chávez was a Spanish Captain whose biggest legacy was the expansion of colonization through virgin rainforest and savanna areas in southeastern South America. His campaign started in Buenos Aires - then Argentina's capital city - to the second biggest settlement, Asunción - then Paraguay's capital city - and finishing with the last of the larger settlements, Santa Cruz de la Sierra. Each of the three cities helped to consolidate the colonization of several indigenous populations through what was named as Audiencia de La Plata, or a type of administrative province during the colonial stage of Latin America history. The Audiencia de La Plata consolidated what today is Argentina, Uruguay, the three Southern states of Brazil, Paraguay, and the south, southeast, and north of Bolivia, inclusively the state of Acre which is currently part of the Brazilian Federation. is the 57th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... // Events The Edict of Orleans suspends the persecution of the Huguenots. ... Ñuflo de Chaves, also: Ñuflo de Chávez, (1518–1568) was a Spanish conquistador. ... Capital Mérida Official language(s) Spanish; Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked 5th  41,634 km²  8. ...

Within the specific area of Santa Cruz de la Sierra, several tribes were incorporated under Spaniard control and converted to the Catholic faith, as a result of the Jesuits' influence over this region; the Guaranies, Moxeños, Chiquitanos, Guarayos, and Chiriguanos were just a few of several ethnic groups who were the ancestors of the racially mixed population of the modern Santa Cruz, Beni, Pando, and Tarija departamentos (states) of Bolivia.

The original settlement of Santa Cruz de la Sierra was actually 220 km east of its modern location, only a few kilometers south of today's San José de Chiquitos. After conflicts with the indigenous population, the town was moved to another location closer to the banks of Río Grande; as aa result of unfriendly environmental conditions, however the city of Santa Cruz de la Sierra was then moved to its present location on the banks of Piraí River in 1592. Remnants of the original settlement can be visited in Santa Cruz la Vieja ("Old Santa Cruz"), an archeological site south of San José de Chiquitos. It is commonly believed there were more than two relocations of the city between February 26, 1561 and the year when the last settlement was finally founded, but this is still not known for certain. Year 1592 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Saturday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ...

After the city was moved, it became an important staging point for Jesuit and other Christian missions to Chiquitos and Moxos for the next two centuries. Still, Santa Cruz saw little growth during that period of time. It was not until nearly a century after Bolivia gained its independence that the city started to take an important role in the nation's history. The Acre war with Brazil in the early 20th century, as well the Chaco war with Paraguay in the 1930s, forced the central government to turn its attention to the east, allocating more resources for regional governments and improving communication. The isolated town was connected by a road to Cochabamba in the 1950s, and subsequently to Brazil by railway, thus stimulating economic and demographic growth. Improvement in routes and pathways of communication, such as Viru Viru International Airport), as well as a continuous influx of immigrants, turned the city into one of the most industrialized and important trading centers of the country during the second half of the twentieth century. Combatants Republic of Bolivia Republic of Paraguay Commanders Hans Kundt Mcal. ... The centre of Cochabamba Ayacucho Avenue Cochabamba is a city in central Bolivia, located in a valley bearing the same name in the Andes mountain range. ... Viru Viru International Airport (IATA: VVI) is an aviation facility located in Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia. ...

Today Santa Cruz is not only the most populated city in Bolivia, but the department is also the richest, with over 30% of the national GDP. Santa Cruz is also leading a movement against the central government of Bolivia to separate the country into an autonomic political regions where each region manages its own production, taxation, and internal laws with only a small level of coordination with the national government. This movement is in direct conflict with Evo Morales aim to have a fair and equal society. The other departments following this movement are Tarija, Beni, and Pando, regions have interest in separating Bolivia for economic reasons such as Bolivian gas. Bolivian gas conflict Santa Cruz, Spanish and Portuguese for Holy Cross, is the name of several cities, regions, and other geographical features around the world: Argentina Puerto Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz province Santa Cruz Province, Argentina Bolivia Santa Cruz de la Sierra Santa Cruz Department Brazil Santa Cruz, Espírito Santo Santa Cruz... Juan Evo Morales Ayma (born October 26, 1959 in Orinoca, Oruro), popularly known as Evo (IPA: ), is the President of Bolivia, and has been declared the countrys first indigenous head of state since the Spanish Conquest over 470 years ago. ... The Bolivian Gas War was a conflict in Bolivia centering around the exploitation of the countrys vast natural gas reserves. ...

Gastronomy

The city of Santa Cruz has benefited from a fast paced growing economy for the last 15 years. This has allowed for a multicultural and ethnically diverse city to develop. Despite its fast growth, the city preserves much of its traditions and culture. This is particularly reflected in its typical foods. The agricultural richness of the region allows Santa Cruz to enjoy a vast variety of flavours and ingredients. The following is a list which describes the most typical foods:

Typical Foods

• Picante de Pollo (chicken in a red hot salsa served with a portion of rice and yuca
• Majao or Majadito (a rissoto style plate which includes charque, duck or chicken meat.)
• Locro (a very dense, rice based soup containing vegetables and chicken)
• Sopa de maní ( Another dense soup, whose base is made of cooked peanuts, crushed and boiled)
• Masaco (smashed plantain with charque(sun dried meat)Also made with yuca and charque)

Typical Drinks Charque is a kind of sundried cows meat cured with salt. ... Locro is a hearty stew popular in Argentina. ... Charque is a kind of sundried cows meat cured with salt. ...

• Mocochinchi (this rather strange looking drink consist of sun dried peaches which are boiled with honey and clove)
• Somó (white corn based drink, served cold, very refreshing)
• Chicha (alcoholic drink made by fermenting white corn).

Typical Pastries Chicha served with pipeño Chicha is a Spanish word for any variety of fermented beverage. ...

• Cuñapé (yuca and cheese baked as small bread bunds)
• Zonzo (yuca and cheese, boiled and mixed in a type of mashed potato consistency, oven baked or grilled)
• Empanada de arroz
  • Empanada de queso
  • Empanada de jigote
  • Empanada de carne
• Bizcocho de trigo
• Masaco de plátano
  • Masaco de yuca
• Arepa
• Salteña
• Queque

Cheese bun Pão de queijo with coffee and a small cachaça bottle; typical products from Minas Gerais. ... Yuca or Yuka has been used as a semi despective term reffering to Metal and Rock music derivations and their followers (called Yuqueros). The term is used in Latin American countrys, thought most popularly in Venezuela. ... Yuca or Yuka has been used as a semi despective term reffering to Metal and Rock music derivations and their followers (called Yuqueros). The term is used in Latin American countrys, thought most popularly in Venezuela. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Biskotso (Spanish: bizcocho, “biscuit”) refers to baked bread topped with butter and sugar, or garlic, in some cases. ... Yuca or Yuka has been used as a semi despective term reffering to Metal and Rock music derivations and their followers (called Yuqueros). The term is used in Latin American countrys, thought most popularly in Venezuela. ... Arepa from Venezuela filled with cheese The arepa is a corn-based bread from the northern Andes in South America, now spread to other areas in modern Latin American countries. ... Salteñas or Salteña are a special type of hot pockets sold throughout Bolivia. ...

Additional Notes of Interest

Aerial view of Santa Cruz

• The city's street layout currently consists of a concentric ring model.

• There are several Japanese-manufactured taxi cabs throughout the city. The steering wheels have been modified to the left side of these vehicles, thus earning them the name of "transformers" (transformed).

• Mobile kiosk fast food establishments began to appear in the early 1980s decade, most notably Hamburguesas TOBY and Hamburguesas King Burger. Smaller clandestine kiosks serve soda in a small plastic bag with a straw.

• The Spanish language of Bolivia's eastern lowlands (the departments of Santa Cruz, Beni, Pando) is referred to as "Camba Spanish". Aside from local idioms and vernacular, the distinctive, phonological traits of Camba Spanish include the aspiration of the /s/ syllable final (similar to Caribbean Spanish) and the infrequent use of the voseo pronoun instead of tú in informal address. The use of vos is spoken with more frequency within the department of Tarija in southern Bolivia.

• Santa Cruz de la Sierra is a major fashion and modeling hub in Bolivia. Cruceños pride themselves in winning the most Bolivian beauty pageant titles, including the Miss Bolivia pageant whose delegate continues her representation at the Miss Universe pageant. For this reason, Cruceños colloquially honor their city as "La Capital de la Belleza Amazonía" ("The Capital of the Amazon Beauty"). Nationally, Cruceños spend the highest amount of money per capita on personal care and beauty products.

• Las Magníficas de Pablo Manzoni is a modeling troupe and agency that conducts showcases of Bolivia's top fashion models; several of them being from Santa Cruz. The showcase is heralded as one of Bolivia's most prestigious fashion and modeling events, having recently acquired international appeal and interest.

• The city is home to Palmasola prison

Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Concentric zone model. ... Countries that feature voseo. ... Tarija is a city in southern Bolivia, located 22. ... The contest Miss Bolivia is the contest of national beauty of Bolivia since the year 1959. ... Miss Universe is an annual international female beauty contest, and the title for the winner of the contest, founded in 1952 by California clothing company Pacific Mills. ... The Amazons (in Greek, ) were a mythical ancient nation of all-female warriors. ... Palmasola is a prison town in Santa Cruz, Bolivia. ...

External links

• Official city government site
• Images of cosmopolitan Cruceños, social events, and nightlife.
• Bolivian Models: Las Magnificas

References

• Gutsch, Jochen-Martin, "Im Labyrinth der Unordnung" Der Spiegel 5 December 2005, pp. 144-50.

Coordinates: 17°48′S, 63°10′W Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...