Santalales is an order of flowering plants, with a cosmopolitan distribution but heavily concentrated in tropical and subtropical regions. In scientific classification used in biology, the order (Latin: ordo, plural ordines) is a rank between class and family (termed a taxon at that rank). ... Classes Magnoliopsida - Dicots Liliopsida - Monocots The flowering plants or angiosperms are the most widespread group of land plants. ... A cosmopolitan distribution is a term applied to a biological category of living things meaning that this category can be found anywhere around the world. ...

Most have seeds without a testa, which is unusual for flowering plants. Many of the members of the order are parasitic plants, mostly hemi-parasites, able to produce sugars through photosynthesis, but tapping the stems or roots of other plants to obtain water and minerals; some (e.g. Arceuthobium) are obligate parasites, have low concentrations of chlorophyll within their shoots (1/5 to 1/10 of that found in their host’s foliage) and derive the majority of their sustenance from the host’s vascular tissues (water, micro- and macro-nutrients, and sucrose). Mistletoe is the common name for a number of parasitic plants within the order Santalales. A ripe red jalapeño cut open to show the seeds For other uses, see Seed (disambiguation). ... Testa is an African, especially Eritrean and Ethiopian, martial art that emphasizes headbutting. ... About 4,100 species in approximately 19 families of flowering plants are either partly or completely parasitic on other plants [1]. Parasitic plants have a modified root, the haustorium, that penetrates the host plant and connects to the xylem or phloem or both. ... The leaf is the primary site of photosynthesis in plants. ... Species See text The genus Arceuthobium, commonly called Dwarf Mistletoes, are a genus of forty six species of parasitic plants found in both North America, Central America and across Eurasia in Coniferous forest. ... A parasite is an organism that spends a significant portion of its life in or on the living tissue of a host organism and which causes harm to the host without immediately killing it. ... Chlorophyll is a green pigment found in most plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. ... Families Santalaceae (Viscaceae) Loranthaceae Misodendraceae Mistletoe is a plant parasitic on the branches of a tree or shrub. ...

The APG II system of 2003 (unchanged from the APG system of 1998) uses the following circumscription: A modern system of plant taxonomy, the APG II system of plant classification was published in 2003 by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, APG, in Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2003). ... A modern system of plant taxonomy, the APG system of plant classification was published in 1998 by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. ...

• order Santalales

• family Loranthaceae
• family Misodendraceae
• family Olacaceae
• family Opiliaceae
• family Santalaceae

The AP-Website indicates that Balanophoraceae should also be included in this order (post APG II). It also indicates that Olacaceae (sensu APG II) is not a good family and should be split. Furthermore, it indicates doubt about Santalaceae. See: Mistletoe Genera Actinanthella Aetanthus Agelanthus Alepis Amyema Amylotheca Atkinsonia Bakerella Baratranthus Benthamina Berhautia Cecarria Cladocolea Cyne Dactyliophora Decaisnina Dendropemon Dendropthoe Desmaria Diplatia Distrianthes Elytranthe Emelianthe Englerina Erianthemum Gaiadendron Globimetula Helicanthes Helixanthera Ileostylus Ixocactus Kingella Lampas Lepeostegeres Lepidaria Ligaria Loranthus Loxanthera Lysiana Macrosolen Moquiniella Muellerina Notanthera Nuytsia Oliverella Oncella Oncocalyx... Species See text Misodendron is a genus of hemiparasites which grow as mistletoes on various species of Nothofagus. ... Genera See text Olacaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Santalales. ... Genera See text. ... Genera See text Santalaceae is a widely distributed family of flowering plants which, like other members of Santalales, are partially parasitic on other plants. ... genera See text Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Balanophoraceae Balanophoraceae is a subtropical to tropical family of unusual parasitic flowering plants. ...

The Cronquist system (1981) used the following circumscription: A system of plant taxonomy, the Cronquist system is a scheme for the classification of flowering plants (or angiosperms). ...

• order Santalales

• family Medusandraceae
• family Dipentodontaceae
• family Olacaceae
• family Opiliaceae
• family Santalaceae
• family Misodendraceae
• family Loranthaceae
• family Viscaceae
• family Eremolepidaceae
• family Balanophoraceae

The families Viscaceae and Eremolepidaceae are included in the family Santalaceae by the APG. The genera Dipentodon (Dipentodontaceae) and Medusandra (family Medusandraceae) are regarded as unplaced by APG II (as is the family Balanophoraceae, now likely to be reincluded; see above). The family Medusandraceae consisted of two genera: Soyauxia and Medusandra. Molecular evidence place the former within the family Peridiscaceae of the order Saxifragales, and the latter within the order Malpighiales close to Passifloraceae-Turneraceae-Malesherbiaceae. The chinese monotypic genus Dipentodon is close to Tapiscia and is proposed to constitute the new order Huerteales with Tapisciaceae and the genus Perrottetia formerly placed in the family Celastraceae. Medusandraceae is the botanical name for a family of flowering plants. ... Dipentodontaceae (Dipentodontaceae Merr. ... Genera See text Olacaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Santalales. ... Genera See text. ... Genera See text Santalaceae is a widely distributed family of flowering plants which, like other members of Santalales, are partially parasitic on other plants. ... Species See text Misodendron is a genus of hemiparasites which grow as mistletoes on various species of Nothofagus. ... See: Mistletoe Genera Actinanthella Aetanthus Agelanthus Alepis Amyema Amylotheca Atkinsonia Bakerella Baratranthus Benthamina Berhautia Cecarria Cladocolea Cyne Dactyliophora Decaisnina Dendropemon Dendropthoe Desmaria Diplatia Distrianthes Elytranthe Emelianthe Englerina Erianthemum Gaiadendron Globimetula Helicanthes Helixanthera Ileostylus Ixocactus Kingella Lampas Lepeostegeres Lepidaria Ligaria Loranthus Loxanthera Lysiana Macrosolen Moquiniella Muellerina Notanthera Nuytsia Oliverella Oncella Oncocalyx... Genera Arceuthobium Dendrophthora Ginalloa Korthalsella Notothixos Phoradendron Viscum Families of Flowering Plants as of 2002-11-19 Viscaceae is a family of flowering plants. ... Genera See text Santalaceae is a widely distributed family of flowering plants which, like other members of Santalales, are partially parasitic on other plants. ... genera See text Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Balanophoraceae Balanophoraceae is a subtropical to tropical family of unusual parasitic flowering plants. ...

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Santalales

• Hawksworth, FG (1996). Dwarf mistletoes : biology, pathology, and systematics. USDA For. Serv. Agric. Handb, 409. 
• Soltis, PS; PK Endress, MW Chase, DE Soltis (ed) (15-06-2005). Phylogeny & Evolution of Angiosperms. Sinauer Associates, 370. ISBN 978-0878938179. 
• Santalales at Parasitic Plants
• NCBI Taxonomy Browser