sarcomere (a, i, and h bands; z and m lines), myofilaments (thin filament/actin, thick filament/myosin, elastic filament/titin, nebulin), tropomyosin, troponin (T, C, I) Look up cell membrane in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A thin section of lung tissue stained with hematoxylin and eosin. ... A top-down view of skeletal muscle Muscle (from Latin musculus little mouse [1]) is contractile tissue of the body and is derived from the mesodermal layer of embryonic germ cells. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Epimysium is a layer of connective tissue which ensheaths the entire muscle. ... In anatomy, a fascicle is a bundle of skeletal muscle fibers surrounded by connective tissue. ... Perimysium is a sheath of connective tissue which groups individual muscle fibers ( anywhere between 10 to 100 or more) into bundles or fascicles Endomysium Histology at cytochemistry. ... The endomysium, literally meaning within the muscle, is a layer of connective tissue that ensheaths a muscle fiber and is composed mostly from reticular fibers. ... A simplified, global view of a neuromuscular junction: 1. ... Intrafusal fibers are muscle fibers that comprise the muscle spindle. ... Extrafusal muscle fibers are served by axons of the alpha motor neurons. ... A diagram of the structure of a Myofybril Myofibrils (obsolete term: sarcostyles) are cylindrical organelles, found within muscle cells. ... Image of sarcomere A sarcomere is the basic unit of a cross striated muscles myofibril. ... See sarcomere. ... G-Actin (PDB code: 1j6z). ... Myosin is a motor protein filament found in muscle tissue. ... Not to be confused with Tintin. ... Nebulin is an actin-binding molecule which is localized to the I-band in skeletal muscle. ... Troponin Tropomyosin, along with the troponin, regulate the shortening of the muscle protein filaments actin and myosin. ... Troponin Troponin is a complex of three proteins that is integral to muscle contraction in skeletal and cardiac muscle, but not smooth muscle. ... Troponin Troponin T is a part of the troponin complex. ... Troponin Troponin C is a part of the troponin complex. ... Troponin Troponin I is a part of the troponin complex. ...

costamere (dystrophin, α,β-dystrobrevin, syncoilin, synemin/desmuslin, dysbindin, sarcoglycan, dystroglycan, sarcospan), desmin The costamere is a structural-functional component of skeletal muscle cells which, according to original descriptions in the early 1980s (which are generally still accepted), are sub-sarcolemmal protein assemblies circumferentially aligned in register with the Z-disk of peripheral myofibrils. ... Dystrophin is a protein found in membranes surrounding individual muscle fibers, and its deficiency is one of the root causes of muscular dystrophy. ... Dystrobrevin is a protein that binds to dystrophin in the costamere of skeletal muscle cells. ... Syncoilin is a muscle-specific intermediate filament, first isolated by Newey and colleagues[1] as a binding partner to α-dystrobrevin, as determined by a yeast two-hybrid assay. ... Synemin, also called desmuslin, is an intermediate filament (IF) and, like other IFs, primarily functions to integrate mechanical stress and maintain structural integrity in eukaryotic cells. ... Dysbindin, short for dystrobrevin-binding protein 1, is a protein constituent of the dystrophin-associated protein complex of skeletal muscle cells. ... The sarcoglcyans are a family of five transmembrane proteins (α, β, γ, δ or ε) involved in the protein complex responsible for connecting the muscle fibre cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix, preventing damage the muscle fibre sarcolemma through shearing forces. ... Dystroglycan is a protein of the cytoskeleton involved in joining dystrophin and laminin. ... Sarcospan, discovered by the research group of Kevin Campbell, is a 25-kDa transmembrane protein located in the dystrophin-associated protein complex of skeletal muscle cells. ... Intermediate filaments are one component of the cytoskeleton - important structural components of living cells. ...

neuromuscular junction, motor unit, muscle spindle, excitation-contraction coupling, sliding filament mechanism A neuromuscular junction is the junction of the axon terminal of a motoneuron with the motor end plate, the highly-excitable region of muscle fiber plasma membrane responsible for initiation of action potentials across the muscles surface. ... A motor unit is a group of cells under the control of a single motor neuron; groups of motor units work together, as a single muscle. ... A muscle spindle is a specialized muscle structure innervated by both sensory and motor neuron axons. ... // Excitation-contraction (EC) coupling is a term coined in 1952 to describe the physiological process of converting an electrical stimulus to mechanical response [1]. This process is fundamental to muscle physiology, whereby the electrical stimulus is usually an action potential and the mechanical response is contraction. ... The sliding filament mechanism is a process used by muscles to contract. ...