Satiety, or the feeling of fullness and disappearance of appetite after a meal, is a process mediated by the ventromedial nucleus in the hypothalamus. It is therefore the "satiety centre". The appetite is the desire to eat food, felt as hunger. ... In the anatomy of mammals, the hypothalamus is a region of the brain located below the thalamus, forming the major portion of the ventral region of the diencephalon and functioning to regulate certain metabolic processes and other autonomic activities. ...
Various hormones, first of all cholezystokinin, have been implicated in conveying the feeling of satiety to the brain. Leptin increases on satiety, while ghrelin increases when the stomach is empty. Leptin is a protein hormone produced by adipose tissue. ... Ghrelin is a hormone that is produced by cells lining the stomach which controls hunger. ...
Therefore, satiety refers to the psychological feeling of "fullness" or satisfaction rather than to the physical feeling of being engorged, i.e. the feeling of physical fullness after eating a very large meal.
Satiety takes direct influence on the feelings of appetite, that is generated in the limbic system, and hunger that is controlled by neurohormons esp. serotonin in the lateral hypothalamus. In the opposite direction there is no influence at all. This is why people can eat a lot when they are not satiated, whether they experience hunger or appetite or not. This is why it is so difficult to gain the control over body weight. In this aim it helps to get rid of hunger which can be done for many hors if not days by the central nervous activation of serotonine. But appetite cannot be influenced so easily. And satiety does not hold long, because satiety hormons have a half life of only a few minutes. The appetite is the desire to eat food, felt as hunger. ... Hunger is applied literally to the need or craving for food; it can also be applied metaphorically to cravings of other sorts. ... Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, or 5-HT) is a monoamine neurotransmitter synthesised in serotonergic neurons in the central nervous system and enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal tract. ...
Called the "Satiety Index", it was developed by having students come in the morning and eat 240-calorie portions of a specific food.
Nutr.,50:788-797] measures the satiety value of equal energy portions of foods relative to a standard, which is white bread.
Nevertheless, investigation of satiety indices of foods is considered an interesting area of future research, which, if validated, may aid in the selection of appropriate carbohydrate foods to promote energy balance.
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