This article is about the province. For alternative meanings of the word Satsuma, see Satsuma (disambiguation)

Satsuma (薩摩国; -no Kuni) was an old province of Japan that is now the western half of Kagoshima prefecture on the island of Kyushu. Its abbreviation is Sasshū (薩州).

During the Sengoku period, Satsuma was a fief of the Shimazu clan, who ruled much of southern Kyushu from their castle at Kagoshima city.

In 1871, with the abolition of feudal domains and the establishment of prefectures (Haihan Chiken　廃藩置県) after the Meiji Restoration, the provinces of Satsuma and Osumi were combined to eventually establish Kagoshima prefecture.

Satsuma was one of the main provinces that rose in opposition to the Tokugawa shogunate in the mid 19th century. Because of this, the oligarchy that came into power after the "Meiji Restoration" of 1868 had a strong representation from the Satsuma province, with leaders such as Okubo Toshimichi and Saigo Takamori taking up key government positions.