Satyricon (or Satyrica) is a Latin novel, believed to have been written by Gaius Petronius, though the manuscript text of the Satyricon calls him Titus Petronius. Latin was the language originally spoken in the region around Rome called Latium. ... This article is about the Roman author Petronius. ...

The surviving text, a mixture of prose and poetry, details the misadventures of the narrator, Encolpius, and his lover, a handsome sixteen year old boy named Giton. Throughout the novel, Encolpius has a hard time keeping his lover faithful to him as he is constantly being enticed away by others. Encolpius' friend Ascyltus (who seems to have previously been in a relationship with Encolpius) is another major character but he disappears from the narrative half way through the surviving text. It is a rare example of a Roman novel, the only other surviving example (quite different in style and plot) being Metamorphoses written by Lucius Apuleius. It is also extremely important evidence for the reconstruction of what everyday life must have been like for the lower classes during the early Roman Empire. Lucius Apuleius (ca 123/5 CE - ca 180 CE), an utterly Romanized Berber who described himself as half-Numidian half-Gaetulian, is remembered most for his bawdy picaresque Latin novel the Metamorphoses, better known as The Golden Ass. ...

History

The original title is P.A. Satiricon libri. The initials correspond to the author, Petronius Arbiter.

The text survived the Middle Ages, albeit hidden from the public eye due to the subject matter and its pagan origins. It was not until 1664 that the first edition that included Trimalchio’s party was available for the general public thanks to the efforts of Pierre Petit. Soon after the Satyricon was translated to several languages and became one of the bestsellers of Western literature. The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ... Pagan may refer to: A believer in Paganism or Neopaganism Bagan, a city in Myanmar also known as Pagan Pagan (album), the 6th album by Celtic metal band Cruachan Pagan Island, of the Northern Mariana Islands Pagan Lorn, a metal band from Luxembourg, Europe (1994-1998) Pagans Mind, is... Events March 12 - New Jersey becomes a colony of England. ... Trimalchio is a character in the Roman novel The Satyricon by Petronius. ... A bestseller is a book that is identified as extremely popular by its inclusion on lists of currently top selling titles that are based on publishing industry and booktrade figures and published by newspapers, magazines, or bookstore chains. ...

Synopsis

The work is narrated by its central figure, Encolpius, who professes to narrate his adventures and describe all that he saw and heard, whilst allowing various other personages to exhibit their peculiarities and express their opinions dramatically. The surviving sections of the novel begin with Encolpius travelling with a companion named Ascyltos. Encolpius' lover, a boy named Giton, is apparently at Encolpius' lodging when the story begins. (Giton is constantly referred to as "brother" throughout the novel, thereby indicating that they were in a relationship.)

Chapters 1-26

In the first passage preserved, Encolpius is in a portico of a Greek town, in Campania. He delivers a lecture on the false taste in literature, which he blames on the prevailing system of declamatory education (1-2). This is replied to by a rival declaimer, Agamemnon, who shifts the blame from the teachers to the parents (3-5). Encolpius discovers that his companion Ascyltos has left him and escapes from Agamemnon when a group of students come by (6). For other uses, see Campania (disambiguation). ...

Encolpius locates Ascyltos (7-8) and then Giton (8), who claims that Ascyltos made a sexual attempt on him (9). After some conflict (9-11), the three go to the market, where they are involved in a dispute over stolen property (12-15). Returning to their lodgings, they are confronted by Quartilla, a devotee of Priapus, who condemns their attempts to pry into the cult's secrets (16-18). The companions are overpowered by Quartilla and her maids, who overpower and sexually torture them (19-21), then provide them with dinner and engage them in further sexual activity (21-26). Bronze sculpture of Priapus making an offering to his phallus, House of the Vettii, Pompeii Fresco of Priapus, House of the Vettii, Pompeii. ...

Chapters 26-78 (Trimalchio's dinner)

A day or two after the beginning of the extant story, Encolpius and companions are present with Agamemnon at a dinner given by a freedman of enormous wealth, Trimalchio, who entertains with ostentatious and grotesque extravagance a number of men of his own rank but less prosperous. After preliminaries in the baths and halls (26-30), including their first encounter with the host, they enter the dining room. Trimalchio makes a striking entrance, and various extravagant courses are served while Trimalchio flaunts his wealth and his pretence of learning (31-41). Trimalchio's departure to the toilet allows space for conversation among the freedmen guests (41-46). We listen to their ordinary talk about their neighbours, about the weather, about the hard times, about the public games, about the education of their children. We recognize in an extravagant form the same kind of vulgarity and pretension which the satirist of all times delights to expose in the illiterate and ostentatious millionaires of the age. After Trimalchio's return (47), the succession of courses is resumed, many of them disguised as other kinds of food. Stories are told about a werewolf (61-62) and witches (63). A stonemason called Habinnas arrives with his wife Scintilla (65), who compares jewellery with Trimalchio's wife Fortunata (67). Trimalchio describes his will and instructs Habinnas on the monument to be constructed after his death (71). Encolpius and his companions, by now wearied and disgusted, try to leave as the other guests proceed to the baths, but are prevented by a porter (72). They escape only after Trimalchio attempts to act out his funeral results and the vigiles, mistaking the sound of horns for a signal that a fire has broken out, burst into the residence (78). poop. ... A German woodcut from 1722 A werewolf (also lycanthrope or wolfman) in folklore is a person who shapeshifts into a wolf or wolflike creature, either purposely, by using magic, or after being placed under a curse. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Witchcraft. ... The craft of the stonemason has existed since the dawn of civilization - creating buildings, structures and sculpture using stone from the earth. ... The Vigiles or more properly the Vigiles Urbani (watchmen of the City) or Cohortes Vigilum (cohorts of the watchmen) were the firefighters and police of Ancient Rome. ...

Chapters 79-99

Encolpius returns with his companions to the inn but, having drunk too much wine, passes out while Ascyltos takes advantage of the situation and seduces Giton (79). On the next day, Encolpius wakes to find his lover and Ascyltos in bed together naked. Encolpius quarrels with Ascyltos and the two agree to part, but Encolpius is shocked when Giton decides to stay with Ascyltos (80). After two or three days spent in separate lodgings sulking and brooding on his revenge, Encolpius sets out with a sword to take his revenge, but is disarmed by a soldier he encounters in the street (81-82). This article is about the sword. ...

After entering a picture gallery, he meets with an old poet, Eumolpus. The two exchange complaints about their misfortunes (83-84), and Eumolpus tells how, when he pursued an affair with a boy in Pergamon while employed as his tutor, the youth got the better of him (85-87). After talking about the decay of art and the inferiority of the painters and writers of the age to the old masters (88), Eumolpus illustrates a picture of the capture of Troy by some verses on that theme (89). This ends in those who are walking in the adjoining colonnade driving Eumolpus out with stones (90). Encolpius invites Eumolpus to dinner. As he returns home, Encolpius encounters Giton who begs him to take him back as his lover. Encolpius finally forgives him (91). Eumolpus arrives from the baths and reveals that a man there (evidently Ascyltos) was looking for someone called Giton (92). Encolpius decides not to reveal Giton's identity, but he and the poet fall into rivalry over the boy (93-94). This leads to a fight between Eumolpus and the other residents of the insula (95-96), which is broken up by the manager Bargates. Then Ascyltos arrives with a municipal slave to search for Giton, who hides under a bed at Encolpius' request (97). Eumolpus threatens to reveal him but, for reasons unclear in the extant text, he ends up reconciled to Encolpius and Giton, with the three planning to leave by ship along with Eumolpus' hired servant, later named as Corax (98-99). The poor poet A poet is a person who writes poetry. ... Acropolis of Pergamon as seen from above Temple of Trajan at the Acropolis of Pergamon The Asklepeion of Pergamon was the worlds first hospital Pergamon or Pergamum (Greek: Πέργαμος, modern day Bergama in Turkey, ) was an ancient Greek city, in Mysia, north-western Anatolia, 16 miles from the Aegean Sea... Troy or Ilion, see Troy (disambiguation) and Ilion (disambiguation). ... Remains of the top floors of an insula near the Capitolium and the Aracoeli in Rome. ...

Chapters 100-124

The next scene preserved takes place on board ship, where Encolpius belatedly discovers that the captain is an old enemy, Lichas of Tarentum. Also on board is a woman called Tryphaena, by whom Giton does not want to be discovered (100-101). Despite their attempt to disguise themselves as Eumolpus' slaves (103), Encolpius and Giton are identified (105). Encolpius speaks in their defence (107), but it is only after fighting breaks out (108) that peace is agreed (109). To maintain good feelings, Eumolpus tells the story of a widow of Ephesus. At first she planned to starve herself to death in her husband's tomb, but she was seduced by a soldier guarding crucified corpses, and when one of these was stolen she offered the corpse of her husband as a replacement (110-112). Map of Italy showing Taranto in the bottom right Taranto is a coastal city in Apulia, southern Italy. ... Historical Map of Ephesus, from Meyers Konversationslexikon 1888 Ephesus (Greek: , Turkish: ), was one of the cities of Ionia in Asia Minor, located in Lydia where the Cayster River (Küçük Menderes) flows into the Aegean Sea. ... Crucifixion is an ancient method of execution, where the condemned is tied or nailed to a large wooden cross and left to hang until dead. ...

The ship is wrecked in a storm (114). Encolpius, Giton and Eumolpus get to shore safely (as apparently does Corax), but Lichas is washed ashore drowned (115). The companions learn they are in the neighbourhood of Crotona, and that the inhabitants are notorious legacy-hunters (116). Eumolpus proposes taking advantage of this, and it is agreed that he will pose as a childless, sickly man of wealth, and the others as his slaves (117). As they travel to the city, Eumolpus lectures on the need for elevated content in poetry (118), which he illustrates with a poem of almost 300 lines (included in full in the text) on the Civil War between Julius Caesar and Pompey (119-124). When they arrive in Crotona, the legacy-hunters prove hospitable. Shipwreck of the SS American Star Shipwreck in the Saugatuck River mouth in Westport, Connecticut A shipwreck or sunken ship can refer to the remains of a wrecked ship or to the event that caused the wreck, such as the striking of something that causes the ship to sink, the... Crotone is a city in Calabria, southern Italy, on the Gulf of Taranto. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Combatants Julius Caesar and supporters, the Populares faction, Roman senate, the Optimates faction, Commanders Julius Caesar Mark Antony Pompey†, Titus Labienus†, Metellus Scipio†, Cato the younger†, Gnaeus Pompeius† Sextus Pompeius The Roman civil war of 49 BC, sometimes called Caesars Civil War, is one of the last conflicts within... Gaius Julius Caesar [1] (Latin pronunciation ; English pronunciation ; July 12 or July 13, 100 BC or 102 BC – March 15, 44 BC), was a Roman military and political leader and one of the most influential men of World history. ... Pompey, Pompey the Great or Pompey the Triumvir [1] (Classical Latin abbreviation: CN·POMPEIVS·CN·F·SEX·N·MAGNVS[2], Gnaeus or Cnaeus Pompeius Magnus) (September 29, 106 BC–September 29, 48 BC), was a distinguished military and political leader of the late Roman republic. ...

Chapters 125-141

When the text resumes, the companions have apparently been in Crotona for some time (125). A maid named Chrysis flirts with Encolpius and brings to him her beautiful mistress Circe, who asks him for sex. However, his attempts are prevented by impotence (126-128). Circe and Encolpius exchange letters, and he seeks a cure by sleeping without Giton (129-130). When he next meets Circe, she brings with her an elderly enchantress called Proselenos, who attempts a magical cure (131). Nonetheless, he apparently fails again to make love, as Circe has Chrysis and him flogged (132). Erectile dysfunction (ED) or impotence is a sexual dysfunction characterized by the inability to develop or maintain an erection of the penis. ... // [edit] Magical practices and beliefs [1] In the Greco-Roman world, the public and private rituals associated with religion seem to have been a part of everyday life. ...

Encolpius is tempted to sever the offending organ, but prays to Priapus at his temple for healing (133). Proselenos and the priestess Oenothea arrive. Oenothea, who is also a sorceress, claims she can provide the cure desired by Encolpius and begins cooking (134-135). While the women are temporarily absent, Encolpius is attacked by the temple's sacred geese and kills one of them. Oenothea is horrified, but Encolpius pacifies her with an offer of money (136-137). The women apply various irritants to him, and after a break in the text he is fleeing from them. From now on, the text becomes very fragmentary, but in the following chapters, Chrysis herself is in love with Encolpius (138-139). Bronze sculpture of Priapus making an offering to his phallus, House of the Vettii, Pompeii Fresco of Priapus, House of the Vettii, Pompeii. ... Look up goose in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

An aging legacy-huntress called Philomela places her son and daughter with Eumolpus, ostensibly for education. Eumolpus makes love to the daughter, although because of his pretence of ill health he requires the help of Corax. Encolpius is somehow cured of his impotence (140). He warns Eumolpus that, because the wealth he claims to have has not appeared, the patience of the legacy-hunters is running out. Eumolpus' will is read to the legacy-hunters, who apparently now believe he is dead, and they learn they can inherit only if they consume his body. In the final passage preserved, one of them expresses his willingness to do so, citing historical examples of cannibalism (141). This article is about consuming ones own species. ...

Reconstruction of lost sections

Although interrupted by frequent gaps, 141 sections of consecutive narrative have been preserved. These can be compiled into the length of a longer novella. Speculation as to the size of the original puts it somewhere on the order of a work of thousands of pages, and reference points for length range from Tom Jones to In Search of Lost Time. The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling (often known simply as Tom Jones) is a comic novel by Henry Fielding. ... In Search of Lost Time or Remembrance of Things Past (French: À la recherche du temps perdu) is a semi-autobiographical novel in seven volumes by Marcel Proust. ...

Statements in the extant narrative allows the reconstruction of some events that must have taken place earlier in the work. Encolpius and Giton have had contact with Lichas and Tryphaena. Both seem to have been lovers of Tryphaena (113) at a cost to her reputation (106). Lichas' identification of Encolpius by examining his groin (105) implies that they have also had sexual relations. Lichas' wife has been seduced (106) and his ship robbed (113). Encolpius states at one point, "I escaped the law, cheated the arena, killed a host" (81). The second of these claims can be connected with an insult by Ascyltos (9), which may indicate that Encolpius escaped from fighting as a gladiator because the arena collapsed, although the text at that point is uncertain.^[1] Pollice Verso (With a Turned Thumb), an 1872 painting by Jean-Léon Gérôme, is a well known history painters researched conception of a gladiatorial combat. ...

A number of fragments of Petronius' work are preserved in other authors. Servius cites Petronius as his source for a custom at Massilia of allowing a poor man, during times of plague, to volunteer to serve as a scapegoat, receiving support for a year at public expense and then being expelled.^[2] Sidonius Apollinaris refers to "Arbiter", by which he apparently means Petronius' narrator Encolpius, as a worshipper of the "sacred stake" of Priapus in the gardens of Massilia.^[3] It has been proposed that Encolpius' wanderings in the Satyricon began after he offered himself as the scapegoat and was ritually expelled.^[4] Other fragments may relate to a trial scene.^[5] Maurus (or Marius) Servius Honoratius, Roman grammarian and commentator on Virgil, flourished at the end of the 4th century AD. He is one of the interlocutors in the Saturnalia of Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius, and allusions in that work and a letter from Quintus Aurelius Symmachus to Servius show that he... Marseilles redirects here. ... The Scapegoat by William Holman Hunt, 1854. ... Gaius Sollius Modestus Sidonius Apollinaris (c. ...

Also, among the poems ascribed to Petronius is an oracle predicting travels to the Danube and to Egypt. Edward Courtney notes that the prominence of Egypt in the ancient Greek novels might make it plausible for Petronius to have set an episode there, but expresses some doubt about the oracle's relevance to Encolpius' travels, "since we have no reason to suppose that Encolpius reached the Danube or the far north, and we cannot suggest any reason why he should have."^[6] Consulting the Oracle by John William Waterhouse, showing eight priestesses in a temple of prophecy An oracle is a person or persons considered to be the source of wise counsel or prophetic opinion; an infallible authority, usually spiritual in nature. ... The Danube (ancient Danuvius, Iranian *dānu, meaning river or stream, ancient Greek Istros) is the longest river in the European Union and Europes second longest river. ...

Analysis

Date and authorship

The date of the Satyricon was the subject of significant controversy in nineteenth and twentieth-century scholarship, with dates proposed as varied as the 1st century BC and 3rd century AD.^[7] However, a general consensus on this issue now exists. A dramatic date under Nero is indicated by the work's social background^[8] and in particular by references to named popular entertainers.^[9][10] Evidence has been found in the author's style and literary concerns that this was also the period at which he was writing. Except where the Satyricon imitates colloquial language (e.g., in the speeches of the freedmen at Trimalchio's dinner), its style is in line with the literary prose of the period. Eumolpus' poem on the Civil War and the remarks with which he prefaces it (118-124) are generally understood as a response to the Pharsalia of the Neronian poet Lucan.^[10][11] Similarly, Eumolpus' poem on the capture of Troy (89) has been related to Nero's Troica and to the tragedies of Seneca the Younger,^[12] and parody of Seneca's Epistles has been detected in the moralising remarks of characters in the Satyricon.^[13] There is disagreement about the value of some individual arguments but, according to S. J. Harrison, "almost all scholars now support a Neronian date" for the work.^[7] (2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium) The 1st century BC started on January 1, 100 BC and ended on December 31, 1 BC. An alternative name for this century is the last century BC. The AD/BC notation does not use a year zero. ... // Overview Events 212: Constitutio Antoniniana grants citizenship to all free Roman men 212-216: Baths of Caracalla 230-232: Sassanid dynasty of Persia launches a war to reconquer lost lands in the Roman east 235-284: Crisis of the Third Century shakes Roman Empire 250-538: Kofun era, the first... Nero[1] Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (December 15, 37 – June 9, 68)[2], born Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, also called Nero Claudius Caesar Drusus Germanicus, was the fifth and last Roman Emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty. ... In reference to Roman literature, the Silver age covers the first two centuries A.D. directly after the Golden age (which was the first century B.C., and the start of the first century A.D.) Literature from the Silver age has traditionally, perhaps unfairly, been considered inferior to that... In Roman literature, the Pharsalia (also known as the Bellum civile) is an epic poem by the poet Lucan. ... Marcus Annaeus Lucanus (November 3, AD 39-April 30, 65), better known in English as Lucan, was a Roman poet, and is one of the outstanding figures of the Silver Latin period. ... The fall of Troy, by Johann Georg Trautmann (1713–1769). ... Bust, traditionally thought to be Seneca, now identified by some as Hesiod. ... The Epistulae morales ad Lucilium is a bundle of letters which were written by Seneca the Younger. ...

The manuscripts of the Satyricon ascribe the work to a "Petronius Arbiter", while a number of ancient authors (Macrobius, Sidonius Apollinaris, Marius Victorinus, Diomedes and Jerome) refer to the author as "Arbiter". Probably the name Arbiter is derived from Tacitus' reference to a courtier named Petronius as Nero's arbiter elegantiae or fashion adviser (Annals 16.18.2). That the author is the same as this courtier is disputed. Many modern scholars accept the identification, pointing to a perceived similarity of character between the two, and to possible references in the Satyricon to affairs at the Neronian court.^[14] However, others consider this conclusion "beyond conclusive proof".^[15] For Jean Dutourd the real Petronius, author of the Satyricon, could have been a citizen unrelated to Nero’s court.^{[citation needed]} Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius, Roman grammarian and Neoplatonist philosopher, flourished during the reigns of Honorius and Arcadius (395–423). ... Gaius Sollius Modestus Sidonius Apollinaris (c. ... Gaius Marius Victorinus (4th century AD), Roman grammarian, rhetorician and neo-Platonic philosopher, an African by birth (whence his surname Afer), lived during the reign of Constantius II. He taught rhetoric at Rome (one of his pupils being Jerome), and in his old age became a convert to Christianity. ... Diomedes Grammaticus was a Latin grammarian who probably lived in the late 300s CE. He wrote a grammatical trea­tise, known either as De Oratione et Partibus Orationis et Vario Genere Metrorum libri III or Ars grammatica in three books, dedicated to a certain Athanasius. ... “Saint Jerome” redirects here. ... This article is about the Roman author Petronius. ... Jean Dutourd (b. ...

Genre

The Satyricon is considered one of the gems of Western literature, and may be the earliest extant work classifiable as a novel, although some would give that honour to Chariton's Callirhoe. Unlike Fellini’s film discussed below, the caricature of the Satyricon does not deform the everyday life of the Roman people. Petronius uses real names for all his characters, most of them laypeople, who talk about the theatre of ancient Rome, the amphitheatre (of which the most famous was the Coliseum) and the circus with the same enthusiasm of today’s fans of football and other team sports. If there is parody in the Satyricon it is not about the main characters —Encolpius, Giton and Ascyltos—, but of the described social reality, and the literary genres of certain famous poets and writers, Homer, Plato, Virgil and Cicero included. Petronius’ realism has a Greek antecedent in Aristophanes, who also abandoned the epical tone to focus on ordinary subjects. The Satyricon was widely read in the first centuries of the Common Era. Through poetry and philosophy, Greco-Roman literature had pretended to distance itself from everyday life, or to contemplate it loftily as in history or oratory. Petronius rebelled against this trend: “Nihil est hominum inepta persuasione falsius nec ficta severitate ineptius” (“There is nothing about man more false than his foolish convictions and there is nothing more stupid than hypocrite severity” —section 132). Chariton, of Aphrodisias in Caria, the author of a Greek romance entitled The Loves of Chaereas and Callirhoe, probably flourished in the 4th century AD. The action of the story, which is to a certain extent historical, takes place during the time of the Peloponnesian War. ... This article is about theatrical performance in ancient Rome. ... The Colosseum in Rome, Italy. ... Coliseum may refer to: The following structures: Araneta Coliseum, one of the biggest coliseums in Asia. ... The Big Top of Billy Smarts Circus Cambridge 2004. ... Homer (Greek: , ) was an early Greek poet and aoidos (rhapsode) traditionally credited with the composition of the Iliad and the Odyssey. ... PLATO was one of the first generalized Computer assisted instruction systems, originally built by the University of Illinois (U of I) and later taken over by Control Data Corporation (CDC), who provided the machines it ran on. ... Publius Vergilius Maro (October 15, 70 BC – September 21, 19 BC), later called Virgilius, and known in English as Virgil or Vergil, was a classical Roman poet, the author of the Eclogues, the Georgics and the substantially completed Aeneid, the last being an epic poem of twelve books that became... Cicero at about age 60, from an ancient marble bust Marcus Tullius Cicero (IPA:Classical Latin pronunciation: , usually pronounced in American English or in British English; January 3, 106 BC – December 7, 43 BC) was a Roman statesman, lawyer, political theorist, philosopher, widely considered one of Romes greatest orators... Sketch of Aristophanes Aristophanes (Greek: , ca. ... Oratory is the art of eloquent speech. ...

The name “satyricon” implies that the work belongs to the type to which Varro, imitating the Greek Menippus, had given the character of a medley of prose and verse composition. But the string of fictitious narrative by which the medley is held together is something quite new in Roman literature. The author was happily inspired in his devices for amusing himself and thereby transmit to modern times a text based on the ordinary experience of contemporary life; the precursor of such novels as Gil Blas and Roderick Random. Marcus Terentius Varro ([[116 BC]–27 BC), also known as Varro Reatinus to distinguish him from his contemporary Varro Atacinus, was a Roman scholar and writer, who the Romans came to call the most learned of all the Romans. ... Menippus, of Gadara in Coele-Syria, Greek cynic and satirist, lived during the 3rd century BC. According to Diogenes Laërtius (vi. ... Lesage Alain-René Lesage (May 8, 1668, Sarzeau – November 17, 1747, Boulogne), also spelled Le Sage was a French novelist and playwright born at Sarzeau, in the peninsula of Rhuys, between the Morbihan and the sea, Brittany. ... The Adventures of Roderick Random is a novel by Tobias George Smollett. ...

Literary and cultural legacy

Apocryphal supplements

Main article: Supplements to the Satyricon

The incomplete form in which the Satyricon survives has tantalized many readers, and between 1692 and the present several writers have attempted to round the story out. In certain cases, following a well-known conceit of historical fiction, these invented supplements have been claimed to derive from newly discovered manuscripts, a claim that may appear all the more plausible since the real fragments actually came from two different medieval sources and were only brought together by 16th and 17th century editors. Petroniuss Satyricon, the only realistic classical Latin novel (probably written c. ...

The claims have been exposed by modern scholarship, even 21st century apocryphal supplements.

Modern literature

In the process of coming up with the title of The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald had considered several titles for his book including "Trimalchio" and "Trimalchio in West Egg;" Fitzgerald characterizes Gatsby as Trimalchio in the novel, notably in the first paragraph of Chapter VII: "It was when curiosity about Gatsby was at its highest that the lights in his house failed to go on one Saturday night--and, as obscurely as it had begun, his career as Trimalchio was over. (pp 119, 2003 Scribners Trade Paperback edition)." The Great Gatsby is a novel by the American author F. Scott Fitzgerald. ... Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald (September 24, 1896 – December 21, 1940) was an American Jazz Age author of novels and short stories. ...

An early version of the novel, still titled "Trimalchio" is still in print by the Cambridge University Press. The headquarters of the Cambridge University Press, in Trumpington Street, Cambridge. ...

T S Eliot's seminal poem of cultural disintegration The Waste Land is prefaced by a verbatim quotation out of Trimalchio's account of visiting the Cumaean Sibyl, a supposedly immortal prophetess whose counsel was once sought on all matters of grave importance, but whose grotto by Neronian times had become just another site of local interest along with all the usual Mediterranean tourist traps: Billboards are used to advertise the attractions Tourist trap is a phrase for any establishment or set of establishments that have been created to attract travelers or tourists and provide products for the tourist to purchase. ...

Nam Sibyllam quidem Cumis ego ipse oculis meis vidi in ampulla pendere,

et cum illi pueri dicerent: "Σίβυλλα, τί θέλεις;" respondebat illa: "ἀποθανεῖν θέλω".

(I myself saw the Cumaean Sibyl with my own eyes, hanging in a basket, and whenever the boys asked her, "Sibyl, what do you want?", she used to answer, "I want to die.")

Graphic arts

A series of 100 etchings illustrating the Satyricon was made by the Australian artist Norman Lindsay. These were included in several 20th century translations, including, eventually, one by the artist's son Jack Lindsay. A concrete and steel sculpture by Norman Lindsay depicting a female nude in an erotic pose Norman Alfred William Lindsay (February 22, 1879 – November 21, 1969) was a prolific artist, sculptor, writer, editorial cartoonist, and scale modeler. ... Robert Leeson Jack Lindsay (1900 - 1990) was an Australian-born writer, who from 1926 lived in the United Kingdom, initially in Essex. ...

Film

In 1969 Federico Fellini made a film, Fellini Satyricon, that was loosely based upon the book. The film is deliberately fragmented and surreal though the androgynous Giton (Max Born) gives the graphic picture of Petronius’ character. For the Stargate SG-1 episode, see 1969 (Stargate SG-1). ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... This article is about the film. ... Yves Tanguy Indefinite Divisibility 1942 Surrealism[1] is a cultural movement that began in the mid-1920s, and is best known for the visual artworks and writings of the group members. ...

The year before another film had already been made, hence the addition of the name Fellini to the title Ciao Federico - Fellini directs Satyricon, shot by Gideon Bachman, is a making-of feature.

English translations

Over a span of more than three centuries the Satyricon has frequently been translated into English, often in limited editions. The translations are as follows. The online versions, like the originals on which they are based, often incorporate spurious supplements which are not part of the real Satyricon. Petroniuss Satyricon, the only realistic classical Latin novel (probably written c. ...

• William Burnaby, 1694, London: Samuel Briscoe. Includes Nodot's spurious supplement. Available online.
  • Revised by Mr Wilson, 1708, London.
  • Included in the edition of 1910, London, edited by Stephen Gaselee and illustrated by Norman Lindsay.
  • Reprinted with an introduction by C. K. Scott Moncrieff, 1914, London.
  • Revised by Gilbert Bagnani, 1964, New York: Heritage. Illustrated by Antonio Sotomayor.

• John Addison, 1736, London.

• Walter K. Kelly, 1854, in the volume Erotica: The elegies of Propertius, The Satyricon of Petronius Arbiter, and The Kisses of Johannes Secundus. London: Henry G. Bohn. Includes the supplements by Nodot and Marchena.

• Paris, 1902. Published by Charles Carrington, and ascribed by the publisher to Sebastian Melmoth (a pseudonym used by Oscar Wilde). Includes the Nodot supplements; these are not marked off.
  • reprint "in the translation attributed to Oscar Wilde", 1927, Chicago: P. Covici; 1930, Panurge Press. Available online as the translation of Alfred R. Allinson.

• Michael Heseltine, 1913, London: Heinemann; New York; Macmillan (Loeb Classical Library).
  • revised by E. H. Warmington, 1969, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.

• William Stearns Davis, 1913, Boston: Allyn and Bacon (being an excerpt from "The Banquet of Trimalchio" in Readings in Ancient History, Vol. 2 available online with a Latin word list.)

• W. C. Firebaugh (illustrated by Norman Lindsay), 1922, New York: Horace Liveright. Includes the supplements by de Salas, Nodot and Marchena, separately marked. Available online.
  • adapted by C. Whibley, 1927, New York.

• J. M. Mitchell, 1923, London: Routledge; New York: Dutton.

• Jack Lindsay (with the illustrations by Norman Lindsay), 1927, London: Fanfrolico Press; 1944, New York: Willey; 1960, London: Elek.

• Alfred R. Allinson, 1930, New York: The Panurge Press.

• Paul Dinnage, 1953, London: Spearman & Calder.

• William Arrowsmith, 1959, The University of Michigan Press. Also 1960, New York: The New American Library/Mentor.

• Paul J. Gillette, 1965, Los Angeles: Holloway House.

• J. P. Sullivan, 1965 (revised 1969, 1977), Harmondsworth, England: Penguin.

• R. Bracht Branham and Daniel Kinney, 1996, London, New York: Dent. ISBN 0-520-20599-5. Also 1997, Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21118-9 (paperback).

• P. G. Walsh, 1997, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN-13: ISBN 978-0-19-283652-7 and ISBN-10: ISBN 0-19-283952-7.

• Sarah Rudin, 2000, Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, Inc. ISBN 0-87220-511-8 (hardcover) and ISBN 0-87220-510-X (paperback).

Stephen Gaselee was a British diplomat, writer and librarian. ... A concrete and steel sculpture by Norman Lindsay depicting a female nude in an erotic pose Norman Alfred William Lindsay (February 22, 1879 – November 21, 1969) was a prolific artist, sculptor, writer, editorial cartoonist, and scale modeler. ... Melmoth the Wanderer is a gothic novel published in 1820, written by Charles Robert Maturin, last issued in New York and London by Oxford University Press in 1998 with ISBN 0192835920 . ... Oscar Fingal OFlahertie Wills Wilde (October 16, 1854 – November 30, 1900) was an Irish playwright, novelist, poet, and short story writer. ... Pascal Pat Avram Covici (November 4, 1885-October 14, 1964) was a Romanian Jewish-American book publisher and editor. ... The Loeb Classical Library is a series of books, today published by the Harvard University Press, which present important works of ancient Greek and Latin Literature in a way designed to make the text accessible to the broadest possible audience, by presenting the original Greek or Latin text on each... E.H. (Eric Herbert) Warmington (born 1898) was a notable Latin translator and editor. ... W. C. Firebaugh was the author of two works on the history of inns and taverns, and also of a fine English translation of Petroniuss Satyricon, the fragmentary realistic novel of low life under the Roman Empire. ... A concrete and steel sculpture by Norman Lindsay depicting a female nude in an erotic pose Norman Alfred William Lindsay (February 22, 1879 – November 21, 1969) was a prolific artist, sculptor, writer, editorial cartoonist, and scale modeler. ... Horace Liveright (1884 – September 1933) was an American publisher and stage producer. ... Robert Leeson Jack Lindsay (1900 - 1990) was an Australian-born writer, who from 1926 lived in the United Kingdom, initially in Essex. ... Alfred Richard Allinson was a nineteenth and twentieth century British academic, author, and voluminous translator of continental European literature (mostly French, but occasionally Latin, German and Russian) into English. ...

External links

• Satyricon (Latin text) [1]

• The Widow of Ephesus (Satyricon 110.6-113.4): A Grammatical Commentary by John Porter, University of Saskatchewan, with frames [2] and without frames [3]

See also

• Petronius
• Supplements to the Satyricon
• Trimalchio

This article is about the Roman author Petronius. ... Petroniuss Satyricon, the only realistic classical Latin novel (probably written c. ... Trimalchio is a character in the Roman novel The Satyricon by Petronius. ...

In Fiction

• The Satyricon and Petronius are referenced in "Have Gun, Will Travel" as a book which Paladin enjoyed.

This article is about the Roman author Petronius. ... Have Gun, Will Travel was a popular American television Western that aired from on CBS 1957 through 1963. ...

References

1. ^ Edward Courtney (2001). A Companion to Petronius. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 47-48. ISBN 0-19-924594-0. 
2. ^ Petronius, fr. 1 = Servius on Aeneid 3.57
3. ^ fr. 4 = Sidonius Apollinaris, Carmen 23.155-157
4. ^ Courtney, pp. 44-45
5. ^ fr. 8 = Fulgentius, Expositio Vergilianae continentiae, p. 98; fr. 14 = Isidorus, Origines 5.26.7
6. ^ Courtney, pp. 45-46
7. ^ ^{a b} S. J. Harrison (1999). "Twentieth-Century Scholarship on the Roman Novel", in S. J. Harrison (ed.): Oxford Readings in the Roman Novel. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. xi-xxxix. ISBN 0-19-872173-0.  p. xvi.
8. ^ R. Browning (May 1949). "The Date of Petronius". Classical Quarterly 63 (1): 12-14. 
9. ^ Henry T. Rowell (1958). "The Gladiator Petraites and the Date of the Satyricon". Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association 89: 14-24. 
10. ^ ^{a b} K. F. C. Rose (May 1962). "The Date of the Satyricon". Classical Quarterly 12 (1): 166-168. 
11. ^ Courtney, pp. 8, 183-189
12. ^ Courtney, pp. 141-143
13. ^ J. P. Sullivan (1968). "Petronius, Seneca, and Lucan: A Neronian Literary Feud?". Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association 99: 453-467. 
14. ^ e.g., Courtney, pp. 8-10
15. ^ S. J. Harrison (2003). "Petronius Arbiter". The Oxford Classical Dictionary (3rd edition, revised). Ed. Simon Hornblower and Antony Spawforth. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1149-1150. ISBN 0-19-860641-9. 

• This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.