Saudade (singular) or Saudades (plural) (pron. IPA [sɐu'dad(ɨ)] in European Portuguese and [sau'dadʒi] or [sau'dadi] in Brazilian Portuguese) is a Portuguese word for a feeling of longing for something that one is fond of, which is gone, but might return in a distant future. It often carries a fatalist tone and a repressed knowledge that the object of longing might really never return. It can't be directly translated to english, but is some kid of linkage of the words sorrow, pain, love and miss. Look up pronunciation in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Articles with similar titles include the NATO phonetic alphabet, which has also informally been called the “International Phonetic Alphabet”. For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words, see IPA chart for English. ... European Portuguese (also named Continental Portuguese or Lusitanian Portuguese) is a group of Portuguese dialects spoken in Portugal. ... Brazilian Portuguese (português do Brasil in Portuguese) is a group of dialects of Portuguese written and spoken by virtually all the 190 million inhabitants of Brazil and by a couple of million Brazilian emigrants, mainly in the United States, United Kingdom, Portugal, Canada, Japan, and Paraguay. ...

Expanded definition

Saudade has no direct English translation; its translation is dependent on context. It originates from the Latin word solitatem (loneliness, solitude), but developed a different meaning. Loneliness in Portuguese is solidão (a semi-learned word), from Latin solitudo. No other languages in the world have a word with such meaning, making saudade a distinct mark of Portuguese culture. It has been said that this, more than anything else, represents what it is to be Portuguese. For other uses, see Latin (disambiguation). ...

In his book In Portugal of 1912, A.F.G Bell writes:
1912 (MCMXII) was a leap year starting on Monday in the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday in the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

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Saudade is different than nostalgia (the English word, that is). In nostalgia, one has a mixed happy and sad feeling, a memory of happiness but a sadness for its impossible return and sole existence in the past. Saudade is like nostalgia but with the hope that what is being longed for might return, even if that return is unlikely or so distant in the future to be almost of no consequence to the present. One might make a strong analogy with nostalgia as a feeling one has for a loved one who has died and saudade as a feeling one has for a loved one who has disappeared or is simply currently absent. Nostalgia is located in the past and is somewhat conformist while saudade is very present, anguishing, anxious and extends into the future. In Portuguese, the same word nostalgia has quite a different meaning. One may feel nostalgic for the familiar routine of school, conveniently forgetting the painful experiences such as bullying. ...

For instance, the phrase "Tenho saudades tuas" ("I feel 'saudade' for you") directly translates into "I miss you". "Eu sinto a tua falta" also has the same meaning in English ("falta" and "saudade" both are translated for missing), but it is different in Portuguese. The first sentence is never told to anyone personally, but the second can be. The first sentence would be said by a person whose lover has been abroad for sometime, it would be said over the phone or written in a letter. The second sentence would be said by someone who has divorced, or whose partner is not usually at home, and would be said personally.

Some say that the ultimate form of saudade is one felt towards people and things whose whereabouts are unknown in regards to any of the following things or circumstances:

• Old ways and sayings
• A lost lover
• A far away place where one was raised
• Loved ones who have passed away
• Feelings and stimuli one used to have but has tired of
• One's youth

Although it relates to feelings of melancholy and fond memories of things/people/days gone by, it can be a rush of sadness coupled with a paradoxical joy derived from acceptance of fate and the hope of recovering or substituting what is lost by something that will either fill in the void or provide consolation. Look up Consolation in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

One of the best description of the word saudade was made by Chico Buarque de Hollanda on his song Pedaço de mim, when he says " saudade é arrumar o quarto do filho que já morreu", which roughly translates to "Saudade is to organize the bedroom of a son who has died."

Historical origins

The word saudade was used in the Cancioneiro da Ajuda ( XIII century), Cancioneiro da Vaticana and by poets of the time of by King Denis of Portugal. ^[2] Some specialists say the word may have originated during the Great Portuguese Discoveries, giving meaning to the sadness felt about those who departed on journeys to unknown seas and disappeared in shipwrecks, died in battle, or simply never returned. Those who stayed behind—mostly women and children—suffered deeply in their absence; the state of mind has subsequently become a "Portuguese way of life": a constant feeling of absence, the sadness of something that's missing, wishful longing for completeness or wholeness and the yearning for the return of that now gone, a desire for presence as opposed to absence—as it is said in Portuguese, a strong desire to "matar as saudades" (lit. to kill the saudades). Musicians in a miniature of the Cancioneiro da Ajuda. ... The Cancioneiro da Vaticana (Vatican Songbook) is a compilation of troubadour lyrics in Galician-Portuguese language located in the Vatican Library. ... Dinis of Portugal (in archaic Portuguese Diniz; in English Denis), the Farmer (Port. ... For additional context, see History of Portugal. ... For other uses, see Shipwreck (disambiguation). ...

The same feeling is also found in Brazil, the destination of immigrants and African slaves who never saw their homelands again. The feeling was so much ingrained into the Brazilian mind that virtually every immigrant settled there learned this notion and incorporated it (even people from radically different mindsets, like Germans and Japanese, soon understood it). Another permanent source of saudades for the Brazilians is the vastness of the country itself, which in the past caused most people to feel alone almost everywhere. World map showing location of Africa A satellite composite image of Africa Africa is the worlds second_largest continent in both area and population, after Asia. ...

In the latter half of the 20th century, saudade became associated with the feeling of longing for one's homeland, as hundreds of thousands of Portuguese-speaking people left in search of better futures in North America and Western Europe. North America North America is a continent [1] in the Earths northern hemisphere and (chiefly) western hemisphere. ... A current understanding of Western Europe. ...

Besides the implications derived from an emigratory trend from the motherland, saudade is historically speaking the term meant to describe the decline of Portugal's role in world politics and power. During the so called 'Golden Age', synonymous with the Era of discoveries, Portugal had undeniably risen to the status of a world power, its monarchy one of the richest in Europe at the time.

Since then, with the rise of competition from other European nations, the country went both colonially and economically into a prolonged period of decay. This period of decline and resignation from the world's cultural stage marked the rise of saudade, aptly described by a sentence of its national anthem - 'Levantai hoje de novo o esplendor de Portugal' (Let us once again lift up the splendour that was once known to Portugal).

Saudade and music

As with all emotions, saudade has been an inspiration for many songs and compositions. "Sodade" ("saudade" in Cape Verdean Creole) is the title of the Cape Verde Morna singer Cesária Évora's most famous song; French singer Étienne Daho also produced a song of the same name. Cape Verdean Creole is a language spoken on the islands of Cape Verde. ... Morna (Portuguese for mild) is a genre of Cape Verdean music, closely related to the Portuguese fado and Brazilian modinha. ... Cesaria Evora Cesária Évora, born August 27, 1941 in the port town of Mindelo on the Cape Verde island of São Vicente is a notable folk singer. ... Étienne Daho (born January 14, 1956 in Oran) is a French singer who has racked up an extensive number of pop hits in the French-speaking world since 1981. ...

The Good Son, a 1990 album by Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds was heavily informed by Cave's mental state at the time, which he has described as saudade. He told journalist Chris Bohn that "when I explained to someone that what I wanted to write about was the memory of things that I thought were lost for me, I was told that the Portuguese word for this feeling was "saudade". It's not nostalgia but something sadder." The Good Son is the sixth album by Nick Cave & The Bad Seeds, released in 1990 (see 1990 in music). ... Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds is a successful rock band with international personnel. ...

The usage of saudade as a theme in Portuguese music goes back to the 16th century, the golden age of Portugal. Saudade, as well as love suffering, is a common theme in many villancicos and cantigas composed by Portuguese authors; for example: "Lágrimas de Saudade" (tears of saudade), which is an anonymous work from the Cancioneiro de Paris. (15th century - 16th century - 17th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 16th century was that century which lasted from 1501 to 1600. ... For additional context, see History of Portugal. ... Villancico (or Vilancete, in Portuguese) was a common lyric form of the Iberian Peninsula, in the Renaissance period. ... This page meets Wikipedias criteria for speedy deletion. ... The Cancioneiro de Paris (in English: Paris Songbook) is one of the four Renaissance songbooks of Portuguese music from the 16th century - along with the Lisbon Songbook, the Belém Songbook, and the Elvas songbook. ...

Fado is a Portuguese music style, generally sung by a single person (the fadista) along with a Portuguese guitar. The most popular themes of fado are saudade, nostalgia, jealousy, and short stories of the typical city quarters. Fado, and Saudade are two key and intertwined ideas in Portuguese culture. The word fado comes from Latin fatum meaning "fate" or "destiny". Fado is a musical cultural expression and recognition of this unassailable determinism which compels the resigned yearning of saudade, a bittersweet, existential yearning and hopefulness towards something over which one has no control. Fado (translated as destiny or fate) is a music genre which can be traced from the 1820s in Portugal, but probably with much earlier origins. ... The Portuguese guitar, more specifically a Coimbra model, as shown on the cover of Carlos Paredes album, Guitarra Portuguesa. ... Fado (translated as destiny or fate) is a music genre which can be traced from the 1820s in Portugal, but probably with much earlier origins. ... For other uses, see Destiny (disambiguation). ... Existentialism is a philosophical movement emphasizing individualism, individual freedom, and subjectivity. ...

The term is prominent in Brazilian popular music, including the first bossa nova song, "Chega de Saudade" (No more saudade), written by Tom Jobim. Due to the difficulties of translating the word saudade, the song is often translated to English as No more Blues. For other uses, see Bossa nova (disambiguation). ... Chega de Saudade (often translated to English as No More Blues) is considered the first Bossa nova song. ... Antonio Carlos Jobim (born Antonio Carlos Brasileiro de Almeida Jobim, January 25, 1927 - December 8, 1994), also called Tom Jobim, was a Brazilian composer, arranger, singer, pianist and one of the greatest legends of bossa nova. ...

In 1919, on returning from two years in Brazil, the French composer Darius Milhaud composed a suite, Saudades Do Brasil, which exemplified the concept of saudade. Darius Milhaud Darius Milhaud (IPA: ) (September 4, 1892 – June 22, 1974) was a French composer and teacher. ...

Saudade (part ii) is also the title of a second flute solo by the band Shpongle, the first one being flute fruit. Shpongle (pronounced ) is a psychedelic downtempo or Psybient music project. ...

The singer Amália Rodrigues typified themes of saudade. Amália Rodrigues Amália Rodrigues, pron. ...

J-Rock band Porno Graffitti has a song titled "サウダージ”, "Saudaaji" transliterated ("Saudade"). Porno Graffitti (ポルノグラフィティ) is a Japanese male rock band. ...

The alternative rock band Love And Rockets has a wistful song 'Saudade' that evokes it quite well with its sound (and it is also appropriately the last track) on their album Seventh Dream of Teenage Heaven. Love and Rockets were an alternative rock band formed in 1985 by former Bauhaus members Daniel Ash (guitars, saxophone, and vocals), David J (bass and vocals) and Kevin Haskins (drums, synthesizers). ... Seventh Dream of Teenage Heaven is the debut album by the British band Love and Rockets, released in 1985 on Beggars Banquet. ...

A jazz fusion trio consisting of John Scofield, Jack DeJohnette, and Larry Goldings released an album dedicated to drumming legend Tony Williams, called "Saudades."

Dance music artist Peter Corvaia released a progressive house track entitled "Saudade" on HeadRush Music, a sub-label of Toes in the Sand Recordings. Toes in the Sand Recordings is a U.S.-based record label founded by David Christopher (aka Deviant) and Amy Dana in 2004. ...

New York City post-rock band Mice Parade released an album entitled Obrigado Saudade in 2004. The experimental electronica/post-rock of New Yorks Mice Parade, aka Adam Pierce, blends live instrumentation, layers of overdubs, and intricate percussion into a distinctive, playful sound. ... Obrigado Saudade is an album by Mice Parade, released in 2004. ...

Chris Rea also recorded a song entitled Saudade as a tribute to Ayrton Senna the Brazilian three-times Formula One world champion killed on the track. Ayrton Senna da Silva (pronounced / /, March 21, 1960 – May 1, 1994) was a Brazilian three-times Formula One world champion. ...

Saudade and love

Although named by the Portuguese, saudade is a universal feeling related to love. It occurs when two people are in love, but apart from each other. Saudade occurs when we think of a person who we love and we are happy about having that feeling while we are thinking of that person, but he/she is out of reach, making us sad and crushing our hearts. The pain and these mixed feelings are named "saudade". It is also used to refer to the feeling of being far from people one does love, e.g., one's sister, father, grandparents, friends; it can be applied to places or pets one misses, things one used to do in childhood, or other activities performed in the past. What sets saudade apart is that it can be directed to anything that is personal and moving.

Variations

Morriña

Saudade is also associated with Galicia, an autonomous community in northern Spain whose language (Galician, or Galego) is related to Portuguese and whose culture is influenced by Spain, Portugal, and the Celtic countries. In this region, it is known as morriña. In northern Portugal, morrinha (written differently, but pronounced alike) is a regional word to describe sprinkles, while morrinhar means "to sprinkle." (The most common Portuguese equivalents are chuvisco and chuviscar, respectively.) Morrinha is also used in this region for referring to sick animals, for example of sheep dropsy^[3], and occasionally to sick or sad people, often with irony. It is also used in some Brazilian regional dialects for the smell of wet or sick animals. Galicia (Spain) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... Galician (Galician: galego, IPA: ) is a language of the Western Ibero-Romance branch, spoken in Galicia, an autonomous community with the constitutional status of historic nationality, located in northwestern Spain and small bordering zones in neighbouring autonomous communities of Asturias and Castilla y León. ... This article is about the European people. ... Edema (BE: oedema, formerly known as dropsy) is swelling of any organ or tissue due to accumulation of excess fluid. ...

Morriña was a term often used by emigrant Galicians (especially in the Americas) when talking about the Galician motherland they had left behind. Although saudade is also a Galician word, the meaning of longing for something that might return is generally associated with morriña. The word used by Galicians speaking Spanish has spread and became common in all Spain and even accepted by the Academia^[3]. The Real Academia Española (Spanish for Royal Spanish Academy, RAE) is the institution responsible for regulating the Spanish language. ...

Use in Goa, India

Goa, India, which was a Portuguese colony until 1961, still retains Portuguese influences. A suburb of Margão, Goa's largest city, has a street named "Rua de Saudades." It was aptly named because that very street has the Christian cemetery, the Hindu smashant (crematorium) and the Muslim quabrastan (cemetery). Most people living in the city of Margão who pass by this street would agree that the name of the street could not be any other, as they often think fond memories of a friend, loved one, or relative whose remains went past that road. For other uses, see Goa (disambiguation). ... Year 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Margao   (Konkani:/Marathi:मडगांव), is also called Madgaon, Margaon and Margão. ...

The word 'saudade' takes on a slightly different form in Portuguese-speaking Goan families for whom it implies the once-cherished but never-to-return days of glory of Goa as a prized possession of Portugal, a notion since then made redundant by the irrevocable cultural changes that occurred with the end of the Portuguese regime in these parts.

Use in Cape Verde

In Cape Verdean Creole there is the word sodade or sodadi, originated in the Portuguese "saudade" and exactly with the same meaning. Cape Verdean Creole is a language spoken on the islands of Cape Verde. ...

Similar words in other languages

Although "saudade" is untranslatable in any other language, there are other words which seem to have a similar meaning. However, the word "saudade" is special in complexity. While other words have similar meanings, they often only relate to one aspect of "saudade".

Finnish Translation

Interestingly, the Finnish language has a word whose meaning corresponds closely with saudade: kaiho. Kaiho means a state of involuntary solitude in which the subject feels incompleteness and yearns for something unattainable or extremely difficult and tedious to attain. Ironically, the sentiment of kaiho is central to the Finnish tango, in stark contrast to the Argentine tango, which is predominantly sensuous. Template:Languaklkkkhytgf Finnish ( , or suomen kieli) is the language spoken by the majority of the population in Finland (91. ... Finnish tango is an established variation of the Argentine tango and one of the most enduring and popular music forms in Finland. ... For the modern international dance form that evolved from the Argentine Tango, see Tango (dance). ...

There is a religious context for kaiho in Finland as well; a sect of "herännäiset" or "körttiläiset" more familiarly, has central to their faith a kaiho towards Sion, a unity of faith, and a connection with God, permeating their central book, Siionin Virret ("Hymns of Sion"). Siionin virret (Hymns of Zion) is a hymnbook of the Finnish herännäisliike or socalled körtti people (very roughly comparable to the Amish in the United States). ...

However, saudade does not involve tediousness. Rather, the feeling of saudade accentuates itself: the more one thinks about the loved person or object, the more one feels saudade. The feeling can even be creative, as one strives to fill in what is missing with something else or to recover it altogether.

Italian translation

Saudade somewhat relates to the Italian malinconia romantica, in which one feels an interior satisfaction because it is impossible to find something, but one never stops thinking that one is searching for it. It is an incompleteness that one unconsciously wants to never completely resolve.

Spanish translation

Saudade somewhat relates to the Spanish extrañar, in which one feels a missing part of himself and it never be totally fulled by that thing you can't have or get back.

Dor - Romanian

In the Romanian language there is the word "dor" that bears a close meaning to "saudade". It can also stand for "love" or "desire" having a derivation in the noun "dorinta" and the verb "dori" both of them being translated usually by "wish" and "to wish". However, the word "dor" has a complex meaning, it still does not encompass the full meaning of "saudade".

Greek translation

The Greek word that comes the closest to translating saudade is νοσταλγία (nostalgia). Nostalgia also appears in the portuguese language as in the many of other languages with a Indo-European origin, bearing the same meaning of the Greek word "νοσταλγία".

Turkish translation

In Turkish, the feeling of saudade is somewhat similar to hüzün.

See also

• Sehnsucht
• Mono no aware

Sehnsucht is a German word that literally means longing. However, Sehnsucht is almost impossible to translate adequately. ... Mono no aware , lit. ...

References

• (Portuguese) LOURENÇO, Eduardo. (1999) Mitologia da saudade (Seguido de Portugal como destino). São Paulo: Companhia das Letras . ISBN 85-7164-922-7

This article is about the city. ... The Diccionario de la lengua española de la Real Academia Española or DRAE is the most authoritative dictionary of Castilian Spanish. ...

External links

• A Saudades page for Portuguese-Sephardic history and culture
• Aesthetics of Saudade - Essay comprising the major theories and explaining the doubts surrounding the translation of saudade