Sawflies
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Insecta Order: Hymenoptera Suborder: Symphyta
Superfamilies and families
Superfamily Cephoidea    Family Cephidae (stem sawflies) Superfamily Megalodontoidea    Family Megalodontesidae    Family Pamphiliidae (leaf-rolling & web-spinning sawflies) Superfamily Orussoidea    Family Orussidae (parasitic wood wasps) Superfamily Siricoidea    Family Anaxyelidae (cedar wood wasps)    Family Siricidae (horntails) Superfamily Tenthredinoidea    Family Argidae (argid sawflies)    Family Blasticotomidae (fern sawflies)    Family Cimbicidae (cimbicid sawflies)    Family Diprionidae (conifer sawflies)    Family Pergidae (pergid sawflies)    Family Tenthredinidae (common sawflies) Superfamily Xyeloidea    Family Xyelidae (xyelid sawflies)    Family Xiphydriidae (wood wasps) Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 569 pixelsFull resolution (1024 × 728 pixel, file size: 175 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Description: jpeg image, adult female sawfly in the subfamily Tenthredininae Source: Own work - http://www. ... Scientific classification or biological classification is a method by which biologists group and categorize species of organisms. ... Animalia redirects here. ... Subphyla and Classes Subphylum Trilobitomorpha Trilobita - trilobites (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata Arachnida - spiders,scorpions, etc. ... {{Taxobox | color = pink | name = Insects | fossil_range = Carboniferous - Recent | image = European honey bee extracts nectar. ... Suborders Apocrita Symphyta Hymenoptera is one of the larger orders of insects, comprising the sawflies, wasps, bees, and ants. ... Genera and species about 100 species in 10 genera The Cephoidea are a small superfamily within the Symphyta, containing some 100 species in a single family, Cephidae, commonly referred to as stem sawflies. ... Genera and species about 100 species in 10 genera The Cephoidea are a small superfamily within the Symphyta, containing some 100 species in a single family, Cephidae, commonly referred to as stem sawflies. ... Families Megalodontesidae Pamphiliidae The Megalodontoidea are a small superfamily within the Symphyta, containing some 250 species restricted to the temperate regions of Eurasia and North America. ... Genera and species about 40 species in 6 genera The Megalodontesidae (until recently spelled Megalodontidae) are a small family within the Symphyta, containing some 40 species restricted to the temperate regions of Eurasia, and whose larvae feed on herbaceous plants. ... Genera and species about 200 species in 8 genera The Pamphiliidae (sometimes incorrectly spelled Pamphilidae) are a small family within the Symphyta, containing some 200 species from the temperate regions of North America and Eurasia. ... Genera and species about 70 species in 16 genera The family Orussidae (the sole living member of the superfamily Orussoidea) is the only Symphytan group which is parasitic, thus giving them the common name parasitic wood wasps. ... Genera and species about 70 species in 16 genera The family Orussidae (the sole living member of the superfamily Orussoidea) is the only Symphytan group which is parasitic, thus giving them the common name parasitic wood wasps. ... Families Anaxyelidae Protosiricidae- (extinct) Siricidae The superfamily Siricoidea is an archaic group of the order Hymenoptera, consisting of three families (one extinct) of xylophagous sawflies. ... Binomial name Syntexis libocedrii Rohwer, 1915 The Anaxyelidae is a wood wasp family within the Symphyta, containing only a single living species, Syntexis libocedrii, (also called the cedar wood wasp or incense-cedar wood wasp), though the family has an extensive Mesozoic fossil record; this species is thus a living... Horntail or wood wasp is the common name for any of the 60 member of the family Siricidae, of the order Hymenoptera, closely related to the sawfly. ... Families Argidae Blasticotomidae Cimbicidae Diprionidae Pergidae Tenthredinidae The Tenthredinoidea are the dominant superfamily within the Symphyta, containing some 7000 species worldwide, primarily in the family Tenthredinidae. ... Subfamilies Arginae Atomacerinae Erigleninae Sterictiphorinae Argidae is a large family of sawflies, containing some 800 species worldwide, primarily in tropical regions. ... Genera Blasticotoma Klug, 1834 Bohea Maa, 1944 Paremphytus Brues, 1908 The Blasticotomidae are a very small family of sawflies, containing only 9 species in 3 genera worldwide, restricted to temperate regions of Eurasia where the larvae are specialized stem borers of ferns. ... Genera Abia Leach, 1817 Cimbex Olivier, 1790 Corynis Thunberg, 1789 Praia Wankowicz, 1880 Pseudoclavellaria Schultz, 1906 Trichiosoma Leach, 1817 The Cimbicidae are a small family of large-bodied, often hairy sawflies, with only 130 species in 6 genera worldwide. ... Genera and species see text The Diprionidae are a small family of conifer-feeding sawflies (thus the common name conifer sawflies, though other Symphyta feed on conifers) restricted to the Northern Hemisphere, with some 90 species in 11 genera worldwide. ... Genera and species see text The Pergidae are a moderate-sized family of sawflies occurring primarily in Central and South America, and Australia, with some 400 species in some 60 genera. ... Subfamilies Allantinae Blennocampinae Heterarthrinae Nematinae Selandriinae - (includes Dolerinae) Susaninae Tenthredininae The Tenthredinidae is the largest family of sawflies, with well over 6000 species worldwide. ... A Wood Wasp, also known as a parasitic wood wasp or horntail, is a mostly harmless flying insect, about 23 mm long, common for example in the United Kingdom. ... Genera see text The Xyelidae is a small family of sawflies known from fewer than 50 extant species in 5 genera, but with an extensive fossil record; they are the oldest fossil Hymenoptera, dating back to the Triassic, some 200 million years ago. ... Xiphydriidae is a type of wood wasp with the distinct characteristic of boring into dead trees. ...

Sawflies make up the suborder Symphyta, a group of largely phytophagous insects in the order Hymenoptera. This group is an artificial assemblage of superfamilies (the overall group is paraphyletic), but the name is still in common use, and treated as a suborder, though it seems likely it will be phased out in future classifications. These superfamilies are essentially the most primitive taxa within the Hymenoptera (some going back 200 million years), and one of the taxa within the Symphyta gave rise to the suborder Apocrita (wasps, bees and ants - this group is considered monophyletic). In the opinion of many experts, the most likely sister taxon to the Apocrita is the family Orussidae, the only Symphytan group which is parasitic. A deer and two fawns feeding on some foliage A herbivore is often defined as any organism that eats only plants[1]. By that definition, many fungi, some bacteria, many animals, about 1% of flowering plants and some protists can be considered herbivores. ... {{Taxobox | color = pink | name = Insects | fossil_range = Carboniferous - Recent | image = European honey bee extracts nectar. ... Suborders Apocrita Symphyta Hymenoptera is one of the larger orders of insects, comprising the sawflies, wasps, bees, and ants. ... Paraphyletic - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... Superfamilies Apoidea Ceraphronoidea Chalcidoidea Chrysidoidea Cynipoidea Evanioidea Ichneumonoidea Megalyroidea Proctotrupoidea Sphecoidea Stephanoidea Triganalyoidea Vespoidea Many families, see article Apocrita is a suborder of insects in the order Hymenoptera. ... Suborder Apocrita See text for explanation. ... For information on the subject of disappearing domesticated honey bee colonies in the United States and some European countries, which phenomenon only affects this one particular species of bee, see Colony Collapse Disorder. ... Subfamilies Aenictogitoninae Agroecomyrmecinae Amblyoponinae (incl. ... In phylogenetics, a group is monophyletic (Greek: of one stem) if all organisms in that group are known to have developed from a common ancestral form, and all descendants of that form are included in the group. ... This cladogram shows the relationship among various insect groups. ... Genera and species about 70 species in 16 genera The family Orussidae (the sole living member of the superfamily Orussoidea) is the only Symphytan group which is parasitic, thus giving them the common name parasitic wood wasps. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...

Sawflies are distinguishable from most other Hymenoptera by the broad connection between the abdomen and the thorax (see image), and the caterpillar-like larvae (below). The common name comes from the appearance of the ovipositor, which looks much like the blade of a saw. This ovipositor, which is modified into a "sting" in some members of the Apocrita, is not used as a weapon. Females use the ovipositor to cut into plants where they lay their eggs. A few species have long thin ovipositors used to drill holes deep into wood. Large populations can cause economic damage in cultivated areas and forests. The abdomen is a part of the body. ... Diagram of a tsetse fly, showing the head, thorax and abdomen The thorax is a division of an animals body that lies between the head and the abdomen. ... The ovipositor is an organ used by some of the arthropods for oviposition, i. ... For professional wrestler Steve Borden, see Sting (wrestler). ...

sawfly (Tenthredo marginella) larva

The larvae look like caterpillars (the larvae of moths and butterflies), with two notable exceptions; (1) they have five or more prolegs on the abdomen (caterpillars have five or fewer), and (2) they have two ocelli instead of the caterpillar's six. Typical sawfly larvae are herbivorous, the group feeding on a wide range of plants. Individual species, however, are often quite specific in their choice of plants used for food. The larvae of various species exhibit leaf-mining, leaf "rolling", or gall formation. Three families are strictly xylophagous, and called "wood wasps", and one family is parasitic. The larvae that do not feed externally on plants are grub-like, without prolegs. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 595 pixelsFull resolution (1228 × 914 pixel, file size: 80 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Tenthredo marginella source: http://home. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 595 pixelsFull resolution (1228 × 914 pixel, file size: 80 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Tenthredo marginella source: http://home. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... The abdomen is a part of the body. ... An ocellus (plural: ocelli) is a type of photoreceptor organ in animals. ... In zoology, an herbivore is an animal that is adapted to eat primarily plants (rather than meat). ... Leaf miners are insect larvae that live within leaf tissue. ... Kalanchoë infected with crown-gall using Agrobacterium tumefaciens. ... Xylophagy is a term used in biology to describe the habits of an animal whose diet consists primarily (often solely) of wood. ... A Wood Wasp, also known as a parasitic wood wasp or horntail, is a mostly harmless flying insect, about 23 mm long, common for example in the United Kingdom. ...

Adult sawflies, except for those in the family Cephidae, have structures that latch onto the underside of the forewings to help hold the wings in place when the insect is at rest. These "cenchri", which are absent in the suborder Apocrita, are located behind the scutellum on the thorax. Adults of some species are carnivorous, eating other insects, but many also feed on nectar. Genera and species about 100 species in 10 genera The Cephoidea are a small superfamily within the Symphyta, containing some 100 species in a single family, Cephidae, commonly referred to as stem sawflies. ... The cenchrus (plural cenchri) is a specialized anatomical structure in the insect group known as sawflies. ... The scutellum is the posterior portion of either the mesonotum or the metanotum of an insect thorax; however, it is used almost exclusively in the former context, as the metanotum is rather reduced in most insect groups. ...

External links

• Sawfly - Tenthredininae subfamily - diagnostic photographs and information
• Sawfly - Dolerus unicolor photos and information
• Sawfly - Dolerus nitens photographs
• Sawfly Arge humeralis photographs
• A sawfly injurious to young pines hosted by the UNT Government Documents Department

References

• The American Museum of Natural History 2004-01-15
• Kendall Bioresearch Services (Image)