Scafell Pike
The Scafell range, looking west from Crinkle Crags
Elevation	978 m (3,210 ft)
Location	Cumbria,  England
Range	Lake District
Prominence	912 m
Topo map	OS Landrangers 89, 90, Explorer OL6
OS grid reference	NY215072
Listing	Marilyn, Hewitt, Wainwright, County Top, Nuttall

At 978 metres (3,210 feet), Scafell Pike is the highest mountain in England. It is located in the Lake District National Park in Cumbria. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1452x1090, 1049 KB) View of the Scafell range in the English Lake District, looking west from Crinkle Crags. ... Crinkle Crags is a fell in the English Lake District in the county of Cumbria. ... A topographical summit is a point on a surface which is higher in elevation than all points immediately adjacent to it. ... The metre or meter is a measure of length. ... A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... Cumbria (IPA: ), is a shire county in the extreme North West of England. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_England. ... Motto (French) God and my right Anthem No official anthem - the  United Kingdom anthem God Save the Queen is commonly used England() – on the European continent() – in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto) Unified  -  by Athelstan 927 AD  Area  -  Total 130... The Himalaya as seen from the International Space Station A mountain range is a group of mountains bordered by lowlands or separated from other mountain ranges by passes or rivers. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... In topography, prominence, also known as autonomous height, relative height or shoulder drop (in America) or prime factor (in Europe), is a concept used in the categorization of hills and mountains, also known as peaks. ... Example of a topographic map with contour lines Part of the same map in a perspective shaded relief view illustrates how the contour lines of the original follow the terrain Topographic maps are a variety of map characterized by large-scale detail and quantitative representation of relief, usually using contour... Part of an Ordnance Survey map at 1 inch to the mile scale from 1945 Ordnance Survey (OS) is an executive agency of the United Kingdom government. ... The British national grid reference system is a system of geographic grid references commonly used in Great Britain, different from using latitude or longitude. ... The mountains and hills of Great Britain, and to a lesser extent Ireland, are the subject of a considerable number of lists which categorise them by height, topographic prominence, or other criteria. ... A Marilyn is a hill with a relative height of at least 150 metres, regardless of absolute height or other merit. ... A Hewitt is a hill in England, Wales or Ireland over two thousand feet (609. ... Alfred Wainwright listed 214 fells in total in his series of seven Pictorial Guides to the Lakeland Fells. ... This is a list of metropolitan counties, non-metropolitan counties and unitary authorities of England by their highest point. ... The Nuttalls are hills in England and Wales over 610 m (2000 feet), which rise above their surroundings on all sides by 15 m. ... The mountains and hills of Great Britain, and to a lesser extent Ireland, are the subject of a considerable number of lists which categorise them by height, topographic prominence, or other criteria. ... Ill Crag is a fell in the English Lake District. ... Broad Crag is a fell in the English Lake District. ... Lyskamm, 4 527 m, Pennine Alps A mountain is a landform that extends above the surrounding terrain in a limited area. ... Motto (French) God and my right Anthem No official anthem - the  United Kingdom anthem God Save the Queen is commonly used England() – on the European continent() – in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto) Unified  -  by Athelstan 927 AD  Area  -  Total 130... Crinkle Crags as seen from the adjoining fell of Cold Pike. ... Cumbria (IPA: ), is a shire county in the extreme North West of England. ...

It is sometimes confused with the neighbouring Sca Fell, to which it is connected by the pass of Mickledore. The name Pikes of Sca Fell was originally applied collectively to the peaks now known as Scafell Pike, Ill Crag and Broad Crag, which were considered subsidiary tops of Sca Fell (which looks higher from many angles). The contraction Scafell Pike originated as an error on an Ordnance Survey map, but is now standard. Sca Fell (pronounced Scawfell or Scarfell), also known as Scafell by writers such as Alfred Wainwright, is a mountain in the English Lake District. ... View from the Mickledore Ridge towards Broad Strand Mickledore is a high, narrow ridge connecting the mountains of Sca Fell and Scafell Pike in the English Lake District. ... Part of an Ordnance Survey map at 1 inch to the mile scale from 1945 Ordnance Survey (OS) is an executive agency of the United Kingdom government. ...

The land was donated to the National Trust in 1920 by Lord Leconfield in memory of the men of the Lake District "who fell for God and King, for freedom, peace and right in the Great War". The standard of the National Trust The National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty, usually known as The National Trust, is a British preservation organization. ... 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday. ... Charles Henry Wyndham, 3rd Baron Leconfield GCVO (17 February 1872-17 April 1952), was a British peer. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... “The Great War ” redirects here. ...

Scafell Pike is one of three British mountains climbed as part of the (National) Three Peaks Challenge. This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...

Topography

Scafell Pike is one of a horseshoe of high fells, open to the south, which surrounds the head of Eskdale. It stands on the western side of the cirque with Sca Fell to the south and Great End to the north. This ridge forms the watershed between Eskdale and Wasdale, which lies to the west. The following places have the name Eskdale: Eskdale, the valley in Cumbria, England Eskdale in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland Eskdale in North Yorkshire, England Eskdale in Victoria, Australia This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Great End is the most northerly mountain in the Scafell chain, in the English Lake District. ... Wasdale (pronounced as in was-dale, not waz-dale) is a valley in the western Lake District National Park in Cumbria, England. ...

The narrowest definition of Scafell Pike begins at the ridge of Mickledore in the south, takes in the wide, stony summit area and ends at the next depression, Broad Crag Col, (c. 920 m / 3,030 ft). A more inclusive view also takes in two further tops, Broad Crag (934m m / 3,064 ft) and Ill Crag (935m m / 3,068 ft), the two being separated by Ill Crag Col. This is the position taken by most guidebooks.^[1][2] North of Ill Crag is the more definite depression of Calf Cove (850 m / 2,800 ft) before the ridge climbs again to Great End. Col may refer to: the French word for mountain pass a common abbreviation for the military rank colonel This is a disambiguation page, a list of pages that otherwise might share the same title. ...

Scafell Pike also has outliers on either side of the ridge. Lingmell, to the north west is invariably regarded as a separate fell,^[2][1] whilst Pen (760 m / 2,500 ft), a shapely summit above the Esk, is normally taken as a satellite of the Pike. The gloriously unanotomical Middleboot Knotts is a further top lying on the Wasdale slopes of Broad Crag, which is listed as a nuttall. Lingmell is a fell in the English Lake District, standing above the village of Wasdale Head. ... The Nuttalls are hills in England and Wales over 610 m (2000 feet), which rise above their surroundings on all sides by 15 m. ...

The rough summit plateau is fringed by crag on all sides with Pikes Crag and Dropping Crag above Wasdale and Rough Crag to the east. Below Rough Crag and Pen is a further tier, named Dow Crag and Central Pillar on Ordnance Survey maps, although also known as Esk Buttress among climbers.^[3] Esk Buttress and Pikes Crag are well known rock climbing venues. Part of an Ordnance Survey map at 1 inch to the mile scale from 1945 Ordnance Survey (OS) is an executive agency of the United Kingdom government. ...

Broad Crag Col is the source of Little Narrowcove Beck in the east and of Piers Gill in the west. The latter, working its way around Lingmell to Wast Water, flows through a spectacular ravine, one of the most impressive in the District. Broad Crag is a small top with its principle face on the west and the smaller Green Crag looking down on Little Narrowcove. From Broad Crag the ridge turns briefy east across Ill Crag Col and onto the shapel pyrimidal summit of Ill Crag. Here the main crags are on the Eskdale side, Ill Crag having little footing in Wasdale. View of Wast Water from side of Great Gable Wast Water or Wastwater is a lake in the Lake District National Park, England. ...

Scafell Pike has a claim to the highest standing water in England, although Foxes Tarn on Sca Fell is of similar height. The waterbody in question is Broad Crag Tarn, which rather confusingly is on Scafell Pike proper rather than Broad Crag. It lies at about 820 m (2,700 ft), a quarter of a mile south of the summit.^[4] Triad Lake in Glacier Peak Wilderness View of Tarn Hows, Cumbria A tarn (or corrie loch) is a mountain lake or pool, formed in a corrie excavated by a glacier. ...

The summit ridge from Ill Crag to Mickledore is notoriously stony, the surface being composed in many places of fields of boulders. Paths are not marked by the usual erosion of soil, but by coloured marks on the rock following the passage of many thousands of booted feet. The summits of Ill and Broad Crags are bypassed by the ridge path, but it leads unerring to the highest point. This bears an Ordnance Survey triangulation column beside a massive cairn. This is not now in the best of repair, but is unmistakable from any distance, still six feet high and much greater in diameter. A little distance away is the lower south peak, a place to escape the crowds and marvel at the view over Eskdale. For the magazine see Cairn Magazine. ...

Geology

Scafell Pike consists of igneous rock dating from the Ordovician period, and is geologically part of the Borrowdale Volcanics. The summit plateau of Scafell pike, and the other neighbouring peaks, is covered with shattered rock debris which provides the highest altitude example of a summit boulder field in England.^[5] The boulder field is thought to have been caused in part by weathering, such as frost action. Additional factors are also considered to be important, however opinion varies as to what these may be. Clifton Ward suggested that weathering with earthquakes as a secondary agent could be responsible, while J E Marr and R A Daly believed that earthquakes were unnecessary and suggested that frost action with other unspecified agents was more likely.^[6] To the north of the summit are a number of high altitude gills which flow into Lingmell Beck. These are good examples in Cumbria for this type of gill and are also biologically important due to their species richness.^[5] Igneous rocks are formed when molten rock (magma) cools and solidifies, with or without crystallization, either below the surface as intrusive (plutonic) rocks or on the surface as extrusive (volcanic) rocks. ... The Ordovician period is the second of the six (seven in North America) periods of the Paleozoic era. ... This article includes a list of works cited but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... The Borrowdale Volcanics or, more correctly, in modern terminology, the Borrowdale Volcanic Group are a development of volcanic rocks named after the Borrowdale area of the Lake District, in England. ... Image:NONE Monte Roraima In geology and earth science, a plateau, also called a high plateau or tableland, is an area of highland, usually consisting of relatively flat rural area. ... Weathering is the process of breaking down rocks, soils and their minerals through direct contact with the atmosphere. ... Butchers Creek, Omeo, Victoria A stream, brook, beck, burn or creek, is a body of water with a detectable current, confined within a bed and banks. ... Species richness is the simplest measure of biodiversity and is simply a count of the number of different species in a given area. ...

Ascent routes

The ascent of the Pike is most often attempted from Wasdale Head at the north end of Wastwater to the west of the Pike. On summer weekends, crowds of people can be found attempting this steep but straightforward walk. An alternative ascent from Wasdale approaches up a hanging valley whose head is at Mickledore, which is itself ascended, before following the path from Sca Fell to the Pike. Wasdale Head is a small village in the Lake District National Park in Cumbria, England. ... Categories: English lakes | Cumbria | UK geography stubs ... Bridal Veil Falls in Yosemite National Park flowing from a hanging valley. ...

Scafell Pike from Hardknott Roman Fort

A view of the classic corridor route taken from Styhead Stretcher box

A more taxing, but scenically far superior, approach begins at Seathwaite Farm at the end of Borrowdale, proceeding via Styhead Tarn, then taking the Corridor Route (formerly known as the Guides Route), a delightful walk along the western flank of the Sca Fell massif with intimate views of the mountain, before joining the route from Wasdale near the summit. The return journey can then be made along a high ridge, taking in any or all of the neighbouring summits of Broad Crag, Ill Crag, Great End, Allen Crags and Glaramara. An alternative route from Borrowdale, longer but perhaps less taxing than that via the Corridor Route, runs from Seathwaite via Grains Gill and the high pass of Esk Hause. Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Borrowdale is the name of two valleys in the English Lake District. ... Styhead Pass & Tarn from the Stretcher box Sty Head is a mountain pass in the English Lake District, in the county of Cumbria. ... Wasdale (pronounced as in was-dale, not waz-dale) is a valley in the western Lake District National Park in Cumbria, England. ... Broad Crag is a fell in the English Lake District. ... Ill Crag is a fell in the English Lake District. ... Great End is the most northerly mountain in the Scafell chain, in the English Lake District. ... Allen Crags is a fell in the English Lake District, it lies in a group of very popular hills and is regarded as part of the Scafell group of fells. ... Glaramara is fell in the English Lake District in Cumbria. ... Borrowdale is the name of two valleys in the English Lake District. ...

Scafell Pike (left) and Sca Fell (right), with the ridge of Lingmell in the foreground.

A further ascent may be made from Langdale. From the Old Dungeon Ghyll hotel, the route proceeds up alongside Rossett Gill (which perhaps has a more fearsome reputation than it deserves), past Angle Tarn, and then onto Esk Hause before joining a rocky path to the summit. Energetic walkers can vary the return route by ascending Esk Pike and Bowfell from Esk Hause and then come down the Bowfell Band. Another variant which avoids simply returning down Rossett Gill is to head north at the Angle Tarn, over Rossett Pike to join The Cumbrian Way, and descend via Stake Pass adding a mile to the walk. The total distance is about 21 kilometres. Esk Hause is also accessible from Styhead Tarn, making another possible route from Seathwaite. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1280x960, 306 KB) Summary Photograph by Robert Nickson, 20th November 2004. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1280x960, 306 KB) Summary Photograph by Robert Nickson, 20th November 2004. ... Great Langdale seen from the top of Rossett Pike. ... The Old Dungeon Ghyll is a pub and hotel in the Great Langdale Valley in the south of the English Lake District. ... Esk Pike, by some listings the eleventh highest mountain in the Lake District, is a close neighbour of the higher Bowfell, and is often climbed with it. ... Bowfell (named Bow Fell on Ordnance Survey maps) is a pyramid-shaped mountain lying at the very heart of the English Lake District. ... Rossett Pike is a fell in the English Lake District. ...

Another ascent can be made from Eskdale, the longest and most arduous way up but it has some very fine scenery. You can either go up to Esk Hause or Mickledore, the low ridge between Sca Fell and Scafell Pike. For articles about other places named Eskdale, see Eskdale (disambiguation). ... Sca Fell (pronounced Scawfell or Scarfell), also known as Scafell by writers such as Alfred Wainwright, is a mountain in the English Lake District. ...

The View From Scafell Pike

View from the summit of Scafell Pike

As the highest ground in England, Scafell Pike naturally has a very extensive view, ranging from the Mourne Mountains to Snowdonia. On a clear day, the following major peaks can be seen from the summit. (Note; this is not an exhaustive list; please feel free to add to it.) Data from the first 'external link' below. Image File history File links Annotated_view_NW_from_Scafell_Pike. ... Image File history File links Annotated_view_NW_from_Scafell_Pike. ... The granite Mountains of Mourne are located in the first proposed national park of Northern Ireland. ... Tryfans north ridge (seen on the left in this picture) in Snowdonia. ... Categories: Stub ...

• Dun Rig, 77 miles, 2 degrees
• Skiddaw, 14 miles, 12 degrees
• Blencathra, 14 miles, 28 degrees
• The Cheviot, 83 miles, 31 degrees
• Cold Fell, 39 miles, 39 degrees
• Helvellyn, 9 miles, 58 degrees
• Cross Fell, 34 miles, 60 degrees
• Fairfield, 9 miles, 72 degrees
• High Street, 14 miles, 80 degrees

Skiddaw is a mountain in the Lake District National Park in the United Kingdom. ... Blencathra is one of the most northerly mountains in the Lake District, United Kingdom. ... The Cheviot is the highest mountain in the Cheviot Hills in the far north of England, only 2 km from the Scottish border. ... Helvellyn is a mountain in the English Lake District. ... At 893 m, Cross Fell is the highest point in the Pennine hills of Northern England. ... Fairfield is a common place name in several English-speaking countries. ... High Street is a fell in the English Lake District. ...

East

• Howgill Fells, 29 miles, 103 degrees
• Bow Fell, 2 miles, 105 degrees
• Yorkshire Three Peaks, 36, 44 and 38 miles, 119 degrees
• Boulsworth Hill, 63 miles, 135 degrees
• Pendle Hill, 55 miles, 138 degrees
• Ward's Stone, 38 miles, 142 degrees
• The Old Man of Coniston, 7 miles, 149 degrees
• Winter Hill, 64 miles, 154 degrees

The Howgill Fells are a small group of hills in the north-west of the Yorkshire Dales national park in northern England, bounded approximately by a triangle drawn between Sedbergh, Kirkby Stephen and Tebay. ... Bowfell (named Bow Fell on Ordnance Survey maps) is a pyramid-shaped mountain lying at the very heart of the English Lake District. ... Ingleborough as seen from the summit of Whernside The mountains of Whernside (736 m), Ingleborough (723 m) and Pen-y-ghent (694 m) are collectively known as the (Yorkshire) Three Peaks. ... Boulsworth Hill is a large expanse of moorland, the highest point of the South Pennines of south-eastern Lancashire, separating the District of Pendle from Calderdale. ... Pendle Hill (summit 557 m above mean sea level) is located in the north-east of Lancashire, England, near the towns of Burnley, Colne, Nelson and Clitheroe. ... Wards Stone is the highest hill in the Forest of Bowland. ... The Old Man of Coniston is a fell in the Furness Fells in the English Lake District. ... Winter Hill is a hill in southern Lancashire, England, located between Chorley and Bolton. ...

South

• Cadair Berwyn, 109 miles, 185 degrees
• Black Combe, 14 miles, 200 degrees
• Snowdon, 102 miles, 202 degrees
• Scafell, 1 mile, 228 degrees
• Snaefell, 52 miles, 257 degrees
• Slieve Donard, 111 miles, 262 degrees
• Slieve Croob, 112 miles, 268 degrees

Cadair Berwyn is a mountain summit in north Wales, UK. It is the highest point in the Berwyn range, and the highest significant summit in Wales outside the National Parks. ... Black Combe is a fell in the far south of the English Lake District, just four miles from the Irish Sea. ... Snowdon, the highest mountain in Wales and the highest British mountain south of the Scottish Highlands, is probably the busiest mountain in Britain [1]. It is located in Snowdonia National Park (Welsh: Parc Cenedlaethol Eryri). ... Sca Fell (called Scafell by Wainwright) is a mountain in the English Lake District. ... Snaefell is the highest mountain on the Isle of Man. ... Slieve Donard (Sliabh Domangard or Sliabh Dónairt in Irish) is the highest mountain in Northern Ireland at 849 m (2,786 ft). ... Slieve Croob is the largest of a small group of peaks in the centre of County Down, north of the Mourne Mountains in Northern Ireland. ...

West

• Beneraird, 80 miles, 303 degrees
• Merrick, 69 miles, 315 degrees
• Pillar, 4 miles, 318 degrees
• Cairnsmore of Carsphairn, 68 miles, 326 degrees
• High Stile, 6 miles, 328 degrees
• Criffel, 37 miles, 334 degrees
• Grasmoor, 8 miles, 342 degrees
• Great Gable, 2 miles, 351 degrees

Merrick may refer to: Joseph Merrick, the elephant man. Merrick Baliton, a fictional character. ... Pillar is a fell in the English Lake District. ... High Stile is a mountain in the Western part of the Lake District. ... Criffel is a mountain in southern Galloway, Scotland. ... Grasmoor is a mountain in the north-western part of the Lake District, northern England. ... Great Gable is a pyramid-shaped hill lying at the very heart of the English Lake District. ...

References

1. ^ ^{a b} Richards, Mark: Mid-Western Fells: Collins (2004): ISBN 0-00-711368-4
2. ^ ^{a b} Wainwright, A. (1960). The Southern Fells. London: Francis Lincoln. ISBN 0-7112-2230-4. 
3. ^ British Mountain Maps: Lake District: Harvey (2006): ISBN 1-8513-7467-1
4. ^ Blair, Don: Exploring Lakeland Tarns: Lakeland Manor Press (2003): ISBN 0-9543-9041-5
5. ^ ^{a b} Scafell Pikes SSSI citation sheet (PDF). English Nature. Retrieved on 2006-11-10.
6. ^ Hay, T (1942). Physiographical Notes from Lakeland. The Geographical Journal 100 (4): 165-173. 

Alfred Wainwright c. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... is the 314th day of the year (315th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

See also

• List of mountains and hills of the United Kingdom
• Geology of the United Kingdom

This is a links page to the hills and mountains to be found in the United Kingdom (England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales), and includes lists of the highest mountains in each of the constituent countries. ... Geological map of Great Britain. ...

External links

• Computer generated virtual panoramas North South Index
• Maps and aerial photos
  • Surrounding area map from Google Maps
  • Detailed topography from Ordnance Survey Get-a-map