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 The Scapegoat by William Holman Hunt, 1854. Hunt had this framed in a picture with the quotations "Surely he hath borne our Griefs and carried our Sorrows; Yet we did esteem him stricken, smitten of GOD and afflicted." ( Isaiah 53:4) and "And the Goat shall bear upon him all their iniquities unto a Land not inhabited." ( Leviticus 16:22) The scapegoat was a goat that was driven off into the wilderness as part of the ceremonies of Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement, in Judaism during the times of the Temple in Jerusalem. The rite is described in Leviticus 16. The Scapegoat, by William Holman Hunt, 1854. ...
The Scapegoat, by William Holman Hunt, 1854. ...
The Scapegoat (1856) is a painting by William Holman Hunt which depicts the scapegoat described in the Book of Leviticus, which must be ritually expelled from the flocks of the Israelite tribes as part of a sacrifical ritual of cleansing. ...
William Holman Hunt - Self-Portrait. ...
This article is about the Book of Isaiah. ...
Leviticus is the third book of the Hebrew Bible, also the third book in the Torah (five books of Moses). ...
Species See Species and subspecies The goat is a mammal in the genus Capra, which consists of nine species: the Ibex, the West Caucasian Tur, the East Caucasian Tur, the Markhor, and the Wild Goat. ...
Yom Kippur (Hebrew: ×™×•Ö¹× ×›Ö´Ö¼×¤Ö¼×•Ö¼×¨, IPA: [jÉ”m kiˈpur] or [jÉ”m ˈkɪpÉ™r]) is a Jewish holiday, known in English as the Day of Atonement. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
The Temple in Jerusalem or Holy Temple (Hebrew: בית המקדש, transliterated Bet HaMikdash and meaning literally The Holy House) was located on the Temple Mount (Har HaBayit) in the old city of Jerusalem. ...
Leviticus is the third book of the Hebrew Bible, also the third book in the Torah (five books of Moses). ...
The word is more widely used as a metaphor, referring to someone who is blamed for misfortunes, generally as a way of distracting attention from the real causes. Another term for scapegoat is fall guy. This article is about metaphor in literature and rhetoric. ...
To blame is to hold another person or group responsible for perceived faults, be those faults real, imagined, or merely invented for pejorative purposes. ...
A fall guy is a scapegoat, a person who takes the blame for someone elses actions, or someone at the butt of jokes. ...
Hebrew Bible Azazel is the word translated as "scapegoat" in the King James Version of the Bible (Leviticus chapter 16). In 1611 King James' translators borrowed the word scapegoat from William Tyndale's translation from around 1530. Tyndale had translated azazel (the name of the cliff the goat was pushed over, or more likely the demon it was sent out to in the desert) as ez ozel - literally, "the goat that departs"; hence "the goat that escapes," or, for short, "(e)scape goat." Since this goat, with the sins of the people placed on it, is then sent over a cliff or driven into the wilderness to perish[1], the word "scapegoat" has come to mean a person, often innocent, who is blamed and punished for the sins, crimes or sufferings of others. For other uses, see Azazel (disambiguation). ...
This page is about the version of the Bible; for the Harvey Danger album, see King James Version (album). ...
Some modern scholars believe the "goat for Azazel" is sent away to the desert demon of that name, and that this is not the name of a cliff or mountain, nor of the man who takes it into the wilderness.
In fact, today in modern Hebrew Azazel is used derogatorily, as in lekh la-Azazel ("go to Azazel"), as in "go to hell". “Hebrew†redirects here. ...
For other uses, see Hell (disambiguation). ...
Christianity In Christian theology, the story of the scapegoat in Leviticus is interpreted as a symbolic prefiguration of the self-sacrifice of Jesus, who takes the sins of humanity on his own head, having been driven into the 'wilderness' outside the city by order of the high priests. Also see John 1:29 and Hebrews Chps. 9-10 Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations · Other religions Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Luther Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Archbishop of Canterbury · Catholic Pope Coptic Pope · Ecumenical Patriarch Christianity Portal This box: Christianity is...
Theology finds its scholars pursuing the understanding of and providing reasoned discourse of religion, spirituality and God or the gods. ...
Leviticus is the third book of the Hebrew Bible, also the third book in the Torah (five books of Moses). ...
This article is about Jesus of Nazareth. ...
For other uses, see Sin (disambiguation). ...
A socio-religious theory Controversial Christian anthropologist René Girard has provided a reconstruction of the scapegoat theory. In Girard's view, it is humankind, not God, who has the problem with violence. Humans are driven by desire for that which another has or wants (mimetic desire). This causes a triangulation of desire and results in conflict between the desiring parties. This mimetic contagion increases to a point where society is at risk; it is at this point that the scapegoat mechanism is triggered. This is the point where one person is singled out as the cause of the trouble and is expelled or killed by the group. This person is the scapegoat. Social order is restored as people are contented that they have solved the cause of their problems by removing the scapegoated individual, and the cycle begins again. Girard contends that this is what happened in the case of Jesus. The difference in this case, Girard believes, is that he was resurrected from the dead and shown to be innocent; humanity is thus made aware of its violent tendencies and the cycle is broken. Satan, who is seen to be manifested in the contagion, is cast out. Thus Girard's work is significant as a re-construction of the Christus Victor atonement theory. René Girard is a French philosopher, historian and philologist. ...
This article is about Jesus of Nazareth. ...
This article is about the concept of Satan. ...
For other uses, see Atonement (disambiguation). ...
Metaphor Look up Scapegoat in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. When used as a metaphor, a scapegoat is someone selected to bear blame for a calamity. Scapegoating is the act of holding a person, group of people, or thing responsible for a multitude of problems. This is also known as a frameup. Scapegoats can also be referred to as patsies or whipping boys. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...
Wiktionary (a portmanteau of wiki and dictionary) is a multilingual, Web-based project to create a free content dictionary, available in over 150 languages. ...
This article is about metaphor in literature and rhetoric. ...
To blame is to hold another person or group responsible for perceived faults, be those faults real, imagined, or merely invented for pejorative purposes. ...
A disaster is a natural or man-made event that negatively affects life, property, livelihood or industry often resulting in permanent changes to human societies, ecosystems and environment. ...
A frameup refers to the act of framing someone, that is, providing false evidence in order to prove someone guilty of a crime. ...
Whipping Boy was a hardcore punk band from Palo Alto, California. ...
Political/sociological scapegoating Scapegoating is an important tool of propaganda; the most famous example in recent history is the Jews being singled out in Nazi propaganda as the source of Germany's economic woes and political collapse. For other uses, see Propaganda (disambiguation). ...
Poster depicting America as a monstrous war machine destroying European culture. ...
Scapegoating is often more devastating when applied to a minority group as they are inherently less able to defend themselves. A tactic often employed is to characterize an entire group of individuals according to the unethical or immoral conduct of a small number of individuals belonging to that group, also known as guilt by association. Guilt by association, also known as the bad company fallacy or the company that you keep fallacy, is the logical fallacy of claiming that something must be false because of the people or organisations who support it. ...
"Scapegoated" groups throughout history have included almost every imaginable group of people: adherents of different religions, people of different races or nations, people with different political beliefs, or people differing in behaviour from the majority. However, scapegoating may also be applied to organizations, such as governments, corporations, or various political groups.
In industrialised societies, scapegoating of traditional minority groups is increasingly frowned upon.
Mobbing is a form of sociological scapegoating which occurs in the workplace. From At The Mercy Of The Mob A summary of research on workplace mobbing by Kenneth Westhues, Prof. of Sociology University of Waterloo, published in OHS Canada, Canada's Occupational Health & Safety Magazine, Vol. 18, No. 8, December 2002, pp. 30-36. Mobbing refers to a group behavioural phenomenon and a type of animal behavior. ...
"Scapegoating is an effective if temporary means of achieving group solidarity, when it cannot be achieved in a more constructive way. It is a turning inward, a diversion of energy away from serving nebulous external purposes toward the deliciously clear, specific goal of ruining a disliked co-worker's life. ... Mobbing can be understood as the stressor to beat all stressors. It is an impassioned, collective campaign by co-workers to exclude, punish, and humiliate a targeted worker. Initiated most often by a person in a position of power or influence, mobbing is a desperate urge to crush and eliminate the target. The urge travels through the workplace like a virus, infecting one person after another. The target comes to be viewed as absolutely abhorrent, with no redeeming qualities, outside the circle of acceptance and respectability, deserving only of contempt. As the campaign proceeds, a steadily larger range of hostile ploys and communications comes to be seen as legitimate."
Scapegoating in sports In sports, scapegoats are common. In baseball, Bill Buckner is blamed for losing the 1986 World Series due to a critical error, and in Japan, the Hanshin Tigers blame the Curse of the Colonel on their repeated failure to win at the Japan Series. This article is about the sport. ...
William Joseph Bill Buckner (born December 14, 1949 in Vallejo, California, United States) is a former Major League Baseball player for the Los Angeles Dodgers, Chicago Cubs, Boston Red Sox, California Angels and Kansas City Royals. ...
Dates October 18, 1986–October 25, 1986 MVP Ray Knight (New York) Television network NBC Announcers Vin Scully, Joe Garagiola Umpires John Kibler (NL), Jim Evans (AL), Harry Wendelstedt (NL), Joe Brinkman (AL), Ed Montague (NL), Dale Ford (AL) The 1986 World Series, the 83rd playing of the modern championship...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
Col. ...
The Yomiuri Giants have won twenty Japan Series, more than any other team. ...
In American football, Scott Norwood is blamed for losing the Super Bowl for the Buffalo Bills during Super Bowl XXV by missing the probable game winning field goal. United States simply as football, is a competitive team sport that is both fast-paced and strategic. ...
Scott Allan Norwood (born July 17, 1960 in Alexandria, Virginia) is a former National Football League kicker who played predominately for the NFLs Buffalo Bills. ...
The winning Super Bowl team receives the Vince Lombardi Trophy. ...
City Orchard Park, New York Team colors Navy blue, light blue, Red, light Red, White, Royal, and Nickel Head Coach Dick Jauron Owner Ralph Wilson General manager Marv Levy Mascot Billy Buffalo League/Conference affiliations American Football League (1960-1969) Eastern Division (1960-1969) National Football League (1970–present) American...
Date January 27, 1991 Stadium Tampa Stadium City Tampa, Florida MVP Ottis Anderson, Running back Favorite Bills by 6 National anthem Whitney Houston Coin toss Pete Rozelle Referee Jerry Seeman Halftime show New Kids on the Block Attendance 73,813 TV in the United States Network ABC Announcers Al Michaels...
Andrés Escobar, a Colombian football (soccer) player, was shot dead after he scored an own goal that knocked his team out of the 1994 World Cup. Andrés Escobar Saldarriaga (March 13, 1967 - July 2, 1994) was a Colombian football player, who was shot and killed in MedellÃn. ...
A player (wearing the red kit) has penetrated the defence (in the white kit) and is taking a shot at goal. ...
An own goal occurs in goal-scoring games when a player scores a goal that is registered against his own team. ...
Marc-Andre Fleury, a Canadian ice hockey goalie is blamed for losing the 2004 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships gold medal game to the United States. As he came out of his net to clear the puck out of the defensive zone it bounced off Patrick O'Sullivan's leg and into the empty net. Marc-André Fleury (born November 28, 1984 in Sorel, Quebec, Canada) is a Canadian professional ice hockey player. ...
Ice hockey, known simply as hockey in areas where it is more common than field hockey, is a team sport played on ice. ...
The 2004 World Junior (Under 20) Ice Hockey Championships was held between December 26, 2003 and January 5, 2004 in Helsinki and Hämeenlinna, Finland. ...
Patrick OSullivan (born on February 1, 1985 in Toronto, Ontario) is a forward for the Los Angeles Kings of the National Hockey League. ...
In 2005, ESPN Classic created the series The Top 5 Reasons You Can't Blame..., in which it examines why the conceived scapegoat(s) should, in fact, not be held responsible. Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
ESPN Classic features reruns of famous sporting events, sports documentaries, and sports themed movies. ...
The Top 5 Reasons You Cant Blame. ...
Coincidentally, the Chicago Cubs' Curse of the Billy Goat involves a literal goat. Major league affiliations National League (1876–present) Central Division (1994–present) Current uniform Retired Numbers 10, 14, 23, 26, 42 Name Chicago Cubs (1902–present) Chicago Orphans (1898-1901) Chicago Colts (1890-1897) Chicago White Stockings (1870-1871, 1874-1889) (a. ...
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Species See Species and subspecies The goat is a mammal in the genus Capra, which consists of nine species: the Ibex, the West Caucasian Tur, the East Caucasian Tur, the Markhor, and the Wild Goat. ...
Scapegoating in psychoanalytic theory Psychoanalytic theory holds that unwanted thoughts and feelings can be unconsciously projected onto another who becomes a scapegoat for one's own problems. This concept can be extended to projection by groups. In this case the chosen individual, or group, becomes the scapegoat for the group's problems. In other words, blaming another person or thing, for your own problems. Psychoanalytic theory is a general term for approaches to psychoanalysis which attempt to provide a conceptual framework more-or-less independent of clinical practice rather than based on empirical analysis of clinical cases. ...
This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...
Karpman's Drama Triangle does a fine job of illustrating the Rescuer, Persecutor and Victim roles attendant in the scapegoating dynamic in any relationship of three or more people. SighKoBlahGrr's Rodger Garrett asserts that early life habituation to scapegoating can result in a paranoid interpersonal orientation with a likelihood of passive-aggressive personality traits in adolescence leading to unfortunate parataxical integrations (see Harry Stack Sullivan) between parents and teenagers. Passive-aggressive personality disorder is a personality disorder whereby someone displays a pattern of negative attitudes and passive resistance in interpersonal or occupational situations. ...
Herbert Harry Stack Sullivan (February 21, 1892, Norwich, New York - January 14, 1949, Paris, France) was an American psychiatrist whose work in psychoanalysis was based on direct and verifiable observation (versus the more abstract conceptions of the unconscious mind favored by Sigmund Freud and his disciples). ...
If the scapegoating pattern continues into early adulthood, development towards healthy personal identity is likely to be compromised, with strong likelihood of histrionic, compensatory narcissistic, and/or obsessive-compulsive, as well as passive-aggressive traits. Fully-criterial personality disorders are likely, leading to severe, ego-protecting "affect management behaviors" including alcoholism, drug addiction and other substance and behavioral process disorders. Identity is an umbrella term used throughout the social sciences for an individuals comprehension of him or herself as a discrete, separate entity. ...
In psychiatry, histrionic personality disorder (HPD) is a personality disorder which involves a pattern of excessive emotional expression and attention-seeking, including an excessive need for approval and inappropriate seductiveness, that usually begins in early adulthood. ...
Narcissism is the pattern of traits and behaviors which involve infatuation and obsession with ones self to the exclusion of others and the egotistic and ruthless pursuit of ones gratification, dominance and ambition. ...
For other things named OCD, see OCD (disambiguation). ...
Personality disorders form a class of mental disorders that are characterized by long-lasting rigid patterns of thought and behaviour. ...
Alcoholism is the consumption of, or preoccupation with, alcoholic beverages to the extent that this behavior interferes with the drinkers normal personal, family, social, or work life, and may lead to physical or mental harm. ...
Drug addiction, or dependency is the compulsive use of drugs, to the point where the user has no effective choice but to continue use. ...
Scapegoating in ancient Greece The ancient Greeks practiced a scapegoating rite in which a cripple or beggar or criminal (the pharmakos) was cast out of the community, either in response to a natural disaster (such as a plague, famine or an invasion) or in response to a calendrical crisis (such as the end of the year). The scholia refer to the pharmakos being killed, but many scholars reject this, and argue that the earliest evidence (the fragments of the iambic satirist Hipponax) only show the pharmakos being stoned, beaten and driven from the community.[2], Pharmakos (Greek φαÏμακος) in Ancient Greek religion was a kind of scapegoat. ...
See also A moral panic is a reaction by a group of people based on the false or exaggerated perception that some cultural behavior or group, frequently a minority group or a subculture, is dangerously deviant and poses a menace to society. ...
At common law, a hue and cry (Latin, hutesium et clamor) was a process by which bypassers were summoned to assist in the apprehension of a criminal who had been witnessed in the act of committing a felony. ...
A witch-hunt is a search for suspected witches; it is a type of moral panic. ...
Shooting the messenger is a phrase describing the act of lashing out at the (blameless) bearer of bad news. ...
Blame Canada is a song from the film South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut (by Trey Parker & Marc Shaiman), in which the fictional parents of South Park decide to blame Canada for the trouble their children have been getting into since watching the Canadian-made fictional movie Terrance and Phillip: Asses...
External links - 'The Scapegoat' (1854), painting by William Holman Hunt
- Scapegoating in Group Analytic Theory (PDF files)
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