The word schema comes from the Greek word "σχήμα" (skhēma) that means shape or more generally plan. The word schema can represent any of several different things:
An XML schema provides a means for defining the structure, content and to some extent, the semantics of XML documents.
Part of a formal specification written in the Z formal specification language.
A minimal and specialized ontology, i.e., a list of questions, answers to which describe what exists in the world. This includes only what is required for some narrow range of actions; e.g., a library card catalogue schema asks librarians only to provide enough information about the book to help library users decide if they want to browse through it, and if so, how to find it. By contrast, an ontology enables a much broader range of actions, e.g., all of those normally associated with a working trade or profession.
Schemas (http://moodle.ed.uiuc.edu/wiked/index.php/Schemas) also are very important in the field of psychology, especially concerning educational practices.
The Schema and the Great Schema (Μεγαλοσχήμος) are part of the monastic attire of advanced monks and nuns in the Eastern Orthodox Church.
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A schema (plural: schemata, or schemas), also known as a scheme (plural: schemes), is a linguistic template or pattern together with a rule for using it to specify a potentially infinite multitude of phrases, sentences, or arguments, which are called instances of the schema.
Schemas are used in logic to specify rules of inference, in mathematics to describe theories with infinitely many axioms, and in semantics to give adequacy conditions for definitions of truth.
Schemas may be classed by the syntactic type of their instances as sentence schemas, subsentential schemas, or argument-text schemas.
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