Scholium (tr~bXtoe), the name given to a grammatical, critical and explanatory note, extracted from existing commentaries and inserted on the margin of the manuscript of an ancient author.
Successive copyists and owners of the manuscript would alter these notes (scholiums or scholia) and in some cases they would increase to such an extent that the margin could no longer contain them, and it became necessary to make them into a separate work. At first, scholia came from one commentary only, subsequently from several. Repetition of the lemma ("catchword") may indicate this; or such phrases as "or thus", "or otherwise" or "according to some" may introduce different explanations. Tradition has identified the first scholiast as Didymus of Alexandria, and the practice of compiling scholia continued till the 15th or 16th century AD.
The word crxhXtop itself first occurs in Cicero (Ad Att. xvi. 7). The Greekscholia we possess stem mostly from anonymous writers, though the commentaries of Eustathius on Homer and Tzetzes on Lycophron form prominent exceptions. Although frequently trifling, they contain much information not found elsewhere, and have considerable value for the correction and interpretation of the text. The most important include those on:
Homer (especially the Venetian scholia on the Iliad, discovered by Villoison in 1781 in the library of St Mark)
Scholium: All forms of transmissive energy can be focussed, reflected, refracted, diffracted, transformed, and diminished in intensity inversely as the square of the distance from the originating source." (see FAQ for discussion of this law)
Scholium: New thermometers and accurate thermometric tables, on the natural base, wherein doubling the temperature doubles the pitch of the transmissive energy, are required.
Scholium: Tables of all harmonics and concords, and harmonics founded upon a normal harmonic scale, are equally essential.
Scholium (plural scholia) is the name given to grammatical, critical and explanatory notes or brief commentary whether original or extracted from existing commentaries, which are inserted on the margin of the manuscript of an ancient author as a succinct gloss.
The name of the first scholiast has been given to Didymus of Alexandria, and the practice of compiling scholia continued till the 15th or 16th century.
The word scholium itself is first met with in Cicero (Ad Atticum xvi.
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