NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Schooner

A schooner (IPA: [ˈskuːnə]) is a type of sailing vessel characterized by the use of fore-and-aft sails on two or more masts. Schooners were first used by the Dutch in the 16th or 17th century, and further developed in North America from the time of the American Revolution. Two-masted fishing sloop from the GIMP public domain photo library http://gimp-savvy. ... Two-masted fishing sloop from the GIMP public domain photo library http://gimp-savvy. ... For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words see here. ... Traditional wooden cutter under sail. ... A fore-and-aft rig is a sailing rig consisting mainly of sails that are set along the line of the keel rather than perpendicular to it. ... mizzen mast, mainmast and foremast Grand Turk The mast of a sailing ship is a tall vertical pole which supports the sails. ... (15th century - 16th century - 17th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 16th century was that century which lasted from 1501 to 1600. ... (16th century - 17th century - 18th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 17th century was that century which lasted from 1601-1700. ... John Trumbulls Declaration of Independence, showing the five-man committee in charge of drafting the Declaration in 1776 as it presents its work to the Second Continental Congress The American Revolution refers to the period during the last half of the 18th century in which the Thirteen Colonies that...

Etymology

According to the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, the first ship called a schooner was built by builder Tyler Robinson and launched in 1713 from Gloucester, Massachusetts. Legend has it that the name schooner was the result of a spectator exclaiming "there she scoons", scoon being a Scots word meaning to skip or skim over the water. According to Walter William Skeat, the term schooner comes from the word scoon, while the sch spelling comes from the later adoption of the Dutch and German spellings. Supporters contend that the Eleventh Edition of the EncyclopÃ¦dia Britannica (1910-1911) represents the sum of human knowledge at the beginning of the 20th century; indeed, it was advertised as such. ... // Events April 11 - War of the Spanish Succession: Treaty of Utrecht June 23 - French residents of Acadia given one year to declare allegiance to Britain or leave Nova Scotia Canada first Orrery built by George Graham Ongoing events Great Northern War (1700-1721) War of the Spanish Succession (1702-1713... Settled: 1623 â€“ Incorporated: 1642 Zip Code(s): 01930 â€“ Area Code(s): 351 / 978 Official website: http://www. ... Scots refers to the Anglic varieties spoken in parts of Scotland. ... Walter William Skeat (November 21, 1835 - 1912), English philologist, was born in London on the 21st of November 1835, and educated at Kings College, Highgate Grammar School, and Christs College, Cambridge, of which he became a fellow in July 1860. ...

Construction

The schooner sail-plan has two or more masts with the forward mast being shorter or the same height as the rear masts. Most traditionally rigged schooners are gaff rigged, sometimes carrying a square topsail on the foremast and occasionally, in addition, a square fore-course (together with the gaff foresail). Schooners carrying square sails are called square-topsail schooners. Modern schooners may be Marconi or Bermuda rigged. In Bermuda, Bermuda rigged schooners had appeared by the early 19th Century. Known as Ballyhoo schooners, or, along with single masted relatives, with Bermuda or gaff rig, with or without a square topsail, as Bermuda sloops. A memorable example ot the last type was HMS Pickle. Some schooner yachts are Bermudian rigged on the mainmast and gaff-rigged on the foremast. A stay-sail schooner has no foresail, but instead carries and main-stay sail between the masts in addition to the fore-staysail ahead of the foremast. A stay-sail or gaff-topsail schooner may carry a fisherman (a four sided fore and aft sail) above the main-stay sail or foresail, or a triangular mule. Multi masted stay-sail schooners usually carried a mule above each stay sail except the fore-stay sail. Gaff-rigged schooners generally carry a triangular fore-and-aft topsail above the gaff sail on the main topmast and sometimes also on the fore topmast(see illustration), called a gaff-topsail schooner. A gaff-rigged schooner that is not set up to carry one or more gaff topsails is sometimes termed a 'bare-headed or bald-headed' schooner. A schooner with no bowsprit is known as a 'knockabout' schooner. Schooner, Labelled; fig 5 from article on rigging, 1911 Enc. ... Schooner, Labelled; fig 5 from article on rigging, 1911 Enc. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Bowsprit of the Falls of Clyde, showing the dolphin striker, the use of chain for the bobstays, and three furled jibs. ... A mainsail is the most important sail raised from the main (or only) mast of a sailing vessel. ... In sailing, a boom is a spar (pole) usually made of aluminum or wood, is connected to the foot of the mainsail and allows the crew to control the angle of the sail to the wind. ... A sail-plan is a formal set of drawings, usually prepared by a marine architect. ... mizzen mast, mainmast and foremast Grand Turk The mast of a sailing ship is a tall vertical pole which supports the sails. ... Gaff rig is a sailing rig in which the mainsail is a four-cornered fore-and-aft rigged sail controlled at its head by a spar called the gaff. ... In sailing, a bermuda rig is: A rig of mainsail or course that consists of a triangular sail set aft of the mast, with its head raised to the top of the mast, its luff running down the mast and normally attached to it for all its length, its tack... The Bermuda sloop is a type of sailing vessel developed on the island of Bermuda in the 17th century. ... HMS Pickle was a 10-gun cutter of the Royal Navy. ...

Schooners were more widely used in the United States than in any other country. Two masted schooners were and are most common. They were popular in trades that required speed and windward ability, such as slaving, privateering, blockade running and offshore fishing. They also came to be favoured as pilot vessels, both in the United States and in Northern Europe.

There was no set maximum number of masts for a schooner. A small schooner has two or three masts, but they were built with as many as six (e. g. the wooden six-masted Wyoming) or seven masts to carry a larger volume of cargo. The only seven-masted (steel hulled) schooner, the Thomas W. Lawson, was built in 1902, with a length of 395 ft (120 m), the top of the tallest mast being 155 feet above deck, and carrying 25 sails with 43,000 ft² (4,000 m²) of total sail area. A two or three masted schooner is quite maneuverable and can be sailed by a smaller crew than some other sailing vessels. The larger multi-masted schooners were somewhat unmanageable and the rig was largely a cost-cutting measure introduced towards the end of the days of sail. The Wyoming was the largest six-masted schooner built of wood and one of the largest wooden schooners ever built. ... A hull is the body or frame of a ship or boat. ... The Thomas W. Lawson was a seven-masted, steel-hulled schooner originally planned for the Pacific trade, but then used primarily to haul coal and oil along the East Coast of the United States. ... 1902 (MCMII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... A sail is any type of surface intended to generate thrust by being placed in a wind â€” in essence a vertically-oriented wing. ...

Operation

Schooners were used to carry cargo in many different environments, from ocean voyages, to coastal runs and on large inland bodies of water. They were popular in North America, and in their heyday of the late 1800s over 2000 schooners carried cargo back and forth across the Great Lakes. Three-masted "terns" were a favourite rig of Canada's Maritime Provinces. The scow schooner, which used a schooner rig on a flat bottomed, blunt ended scow hull, were popular in North America for coastal and river transport. The Great Lakes from space The Great Lakes are a group of five large lakes in North America on or near the Canada-United States border. ... A scow, in the original sense, is a flat bottomed boat with a blunt bow, often used to haul garbage or similar bulk freight; cf. ...

Two of the most famous racing yachts, the America and the Bluenose, were both schooners. In 1851 the yacht America won the British 100 Guinea regatta by 20 minutes. ... For other uses, see Bluenose (disambiguation) Bluenose was a Canadian schooner from Nova Scotia, a celebrated racing ship and a symbol of the province. ...

Famous schooners

Image File history File links Cdn-dime-reverse. ... Image File history File links Cdn-dime-reverse. ... For other uses, see Bluenose (disambiguation) Bluenose was a Canadian schooner from Nova Scotia, a celebrated racing ship and a symbol of the province. ... The Adventuress is a 136-foot gaff-rigged schooner launched in 1913 at the Rice Brothers Yard in East Boothbay, Maine, and now restored and listed as a National Historic Landmark. ... The Alma is an 1891 built scow schooner, which is now preserved at the San Francisco Maritime National Historical Park in San Francisco, California. ... In 1851 the yacht America won the British 100 Guinea regatta by 20 minutes. ... La Amistad (Spanish: Friendship) was a 19th-century two-masted schooner of about 120 tons displacement. ... For other uses, see Bluenose (disambiguation) Bluenose was a Canadian schooner from Nova Scotia, a celebrated racing ship and a symbol of the province. ... The Official Tall ship Ambassador for the State of California, The Californinan was built in 1984 as a replica of the revenue service cutter which operated off the Californian coast in the 1850s. ... A Chasseur (a French term for hunter) is the designation given to certain regiments ofFrench light infantry (Chasseurs-Ã -Pied) or light cavalry (Chasseurs-Ã -Cheval) troops, trained for rapid action. ... USS Dolphin, 12, a schooner, was the second ship of the United States Navy named for the aquatic mammal. ... The third USS Enterprise, a schooner, was built by Henry Spencer at Baltimore, Maryland, in 1799, and placed under the command of Lieutenant John Shaw. ... Equator The two-masted pygmy trading schooner Equator inspired passenger Robert Louis Stevenson in 1889 to write one of his most famous stories, â€œThe Wrecker,â€ in his book, â€œTales of the South Seas. ... This page is a candidate for speedy deletion, because: copyvio If you disagree with its speedy deletion, please explain why on its talk page or at Wikipedia:Speedy deletions. ... The Gloucester Schooner Esperanto was winner of first International Fishermans Schooner Race. ... The first USS Lynx, a 6-gun Baltimore Clipper rigged schooner, was built for the US Navy by James Owner of Georgetown, Washington, D.C., in 1814, intended for service in one of the two raiding squadrons being built as part of President James Madisonâ€™s administrationâ€™s plan to... HMS Pickle was a 10-gun cutter of the Royal Navy. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... The Royalist was a 142-ton schooner belonging to the first White Rajah of Sarawak, Sir James Brooke. ... The Thomas W. Lawson was a seven-masted, steel-hulled schooner originally planned for the Pacific trade, but then used primarily to haul coal and oil along the East Coast of the United States. ... Taking children to sea is the mission and philosophy behind the SSV Tole Mour. ... The three-masted, fore-and-aft schooner Wawona sailed from 1897 to 1947 as a lumber carrier and fishing vessel based in Puget Sound. ... The Wyoming was the largest six-masted schooners built of wood and at all. ... Built for the heirs to Johnson & Johnson pharmaceuticals fortune, the two-masted schooner Zodiac was designed in 1924 by William H. Hand, Jr. ...

Gallery

External links

Categories: Wikipedia external links cleanup | Sailing vessels and rigging | Ship types | Sailboat types | Schooners Image File history File links Information_icon. ... For the songs, see Sailing (song). ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... A barc is a type of sailing vessel. ... This article is about the ship. ... In sailing, a bermuda rig is: A rig of mainsail or course that consists of a triangular sail set aft of the mast, with its head raised to the top of the mast, its luff running down the mast and normally attached to it for all its length, its tack... A Bilander, also spelled billander or belandre, was a small European merchant ship with two masts, used in the Netherlands for coast and canal traffic and occasionally seen in the North Sea but more frequently to be seen in the Mediterranean Sea. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Brigantine. ... Description In sailing, a brigantine is a vessel with two masts, at least one of which is square rigged. ... Caravela Latina / Latin Caravel Caravela Redonda / Square-rigged Caravel A caravel is a small, highly maneuverable, two or three-masted ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish for long voyages of exploration beginning in the 15th century. ... The Santa Maria at anchor by Andries van Eertvelt, painted c. ... It has been suggested that Catamaran History be merged into this article or section. ... The occupied boats are catboats, but with a mast and boom rig A catboat (alternate spelling: cat boat), or a cat-rigged sailboat, is a sailing vessel characterized by a single mast carried well forward (, near the front of the boat). ... A model of a vessel of the clipper type, the four-masted barque named Belle Ã‰toile A clipper was a very fast multiple-masted sailing ship of the 19th century. ... While the majority of the clipper ships sailed under British and American flags, more then a hundred clippers were built in the Netherlands. ... Excavated cog from 1380 Cogs or rather cog-built vessels came into existence around 12th century AD. They were cheracterized by flush-laid flat bottom at midships but gradually shifted to overlapped strakes near the posts. ... French steam corvette Dupleix (1856-1887) Canadian corvettes on antisubmarine convoy escort duty during World War II. A corvette is a small, maneuverable, lightly armed warship, smaller than a frigate but larger than a coastal patrol craft. ... An American-looking gaff cutter with a genoa jib set This French yawl has a gaff topsail set. ... A Dhow near Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. ... A postcard showing the St. ... Dutch fluyts of 17th Century A fluyt or a flute (IPA: ) is a type of sailing vessel originally designed as a dedicated cargo vessel. ... A fore-and-aft rig is a sailing rig consisting mainly of sails that are set along the line of the keel rather than perpendicular to it. ... For the bird, see Frigatebird. ... A full rigged ship or fully rigged ship is a square rigged sailing vessel with three or more masts, all of them square rigged. ... Gaff rig is a sailing rig in which the mainsail is a four-cornered fore-and-aft rigged sail controlled at its head by a spar called the gaff. ... A Spanish galleon A galleon was a large, multi-decked sailing ship used primarily by the nations of Europe from the 16th to 18th centuries. ... In sailing, a gunter is a wire that leads from one end of a gaff to the other. ... A hermaphrodite brig, or brig-schooner, is a type of two-masted sailing ship which has square sails on the foremast combined with a schooner rig on the mainmast (triangular topsail over a gaff mainsail). ... A jackass-barque, sometimes spelled jackass bark, is a sailing ship with 3 (or more masts), of which the foremast is square-rigged and the main is partially square-rigged (topsail, topgallant, etc. ... A four-masted junk. ... Square Topsl Gaff Ketch Hawaiian Chieftain on San Francisco Bay A ketch is a sailing craft with two masts: A main mast, and a mizzen mast abaft the main mast. ... The Oseberg longship (Viking Ship Museum, Norway) Oseberg longship from the front, one of the most stunning expressions of Norse art and craftsmanship A longship tacking in the wind Longships were ships primarily used by the Scandinavian Vikings and the Saxons to raid coastal and inland settlements during the European... A Mersey flat is a two masted, doubled-ended barge with rounded bilges, carvel build and fully decked. ... A multihull is a ship or boat with more than one hull. ... The Santa Maria at anchor by Andries van Eertvelt, painted c. ... The Norfolk wherry is a black-sailed trader, type of boat on the Norfolk Broads and Suffolk Broads, now part of The Broads National Park, in Norfolk, England. ... There are two classifications of Pink. ... A pocket cruiser, microcruiser or pocket yacht is a small, often lightweight sailboat with a cabin, which is intended for recreational cruising (either overnight or for extended periods) of the owners chosen waterways. ... A polacca is a type of seventeenth-century sailing vessel, similar to the xebec. ... A pram or pramm was a ship, during the Napoleonic Wars that carried 10-20 guns on 1 gun deck. ... R. M. Munroes 1898 proa A Proa is a multihull vessel consisting of two (usually) unequal parallel hulls, superficially similar to an outrigger canoe. ... A sailing hydrofoil is a sailboat with wing-like foils mounted under the hull. ... Ships of the line were 1st, 2nd, or 3rd-rated ships in the rating system of the Royal Navy. ... A sloop-rigged J-24 sailboat A sloop (From Dutch sloep) in sailing, is a vessel with a fore-and-aft rig. ... The Smack was a English sailing vessel that was used to bring the fish to Market for most of the 19th Century and even in small numbers up to the Second World War. ... This article is about snow, the merchant vessel. ... Main-mast of a square-rigged ship, with all square sails set except the course. ... The USCGC Eagle. ... The distinctive sailing barges that were once a common sight on Londons River Thames, were commercial craft relying on sail power alone. ... Polynesian (Hawaiian navigators) sailing trimaran, ca 1781 A trimaran is a multihull boat consisting of a main hull (vaka) and two smaller outrigger hulls (amas), attached to the main hull with lateral struts (akas). ... A traditional boat found in the southern Philippine island of Mindanao characterized by a colorful sail of assorted vertical colors. ... A wherry (meaning boat) is a boat used for carrying cargo on rivers and canals in England. ... A windjammer is a type of sailing ship with a large iron hull, usually used for cargo in the nineteenth century. ... A windsurfer with modern gear tilts the rig and carves the board to perform a planing gybe (downwind turn) close to shore in Maui, Hawaii, one of the popular destinations for windsurfing. ... XEBEC is a subsidiary of the anime studio Production I.G. that specialises in the production of television anime. ... A modern yacht A yacht (From Dutch Jacht meaning hunt) was originally defined as a light, fast sailing vessel used by the Dutch navy to pursue pirates and other transgressors around and into the shallow waters of the Low Countries. ... Yawl sailing vessel. ...

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