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Encyclopedia > Schuman declaration
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Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2007)
The Quai d'Orsay, home of the French Foreign Office.
The Quai d'Orsay, home of the French Foreign Office.
The Salon de l'Horloge, from which Schuman made his appeal.
The Salon de l'Horloge, from which Schuman made his appeal.

The Schuman Declaration is the name of the May 9, 1950 public appeal by Robert Schuman, French Foreign Minister, to place France's and West Germany's coal and steel industries under joint management. Inspired by Jean Monnet, the declaration's goal was for France, West Germany, and the Benelux countries to share strategic resources in order to eliminate sources of mutual friction and build a lasting peace in Europe. The ultimate outcome of this initiative was the 1951 creation of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), first of the European Communities and predecessor of the European Union. ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (2048x1536, 611 KB) Summary Description: Quai dOrsay (Paris). ... ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (2048x1536, 611 KB) Summary Description: Quai dOrsay (Paris). ... Quai dOrsay is a Parisian quay situated on the Ile de la Cité. Its name is commonly associated with the French Ministry of External Affairs, whose building is situated on the quay. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1486x1938, 585 KB) Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Schuman Declaration Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1486x1938, 585 KB) Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Schuman Declaration Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used... is the 129th day of the year (130th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1950 (MCML) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Robert Schuman (June 29, 1886 – September 4, 1963) was a noted Luxembourg-born German-French politician, a Christian Democrat (M.R.P.) who is regarded as one of the founders of the European Union. ... The honour entrance to the Ministry building on the Quai dOrsay The Minister of Foreign Affairs, in the Government of France, is the cabinet member responsible for the Republics network of relationships with foreign nations. ... A joint venture (often abbreviated JV) is an entity formed between two or more parties to undertake economic activity together. ... Jean Omer Marie Gabriel Monnet (November 9, 1888 – March 16, 1979) is regarded by many as the architect of European Unity. ... Location of Benelux in Europe Official languages Dutch and French Membership  Belgium  Netherlands  Luxembourg Website http://www. ... Members of the European Coal and Steel Community Flag of the European Coal and Steel Community The European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) was founded in 1951 (Treaty of Paris), by France, West Germany, Italy, Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands to pool the steel and coal resources of its member...

Contents

Historical context

The Schuman Declaration marked the true beginning of post-World War II Franco-German cooperation and the re-integration of West Germany into Western Europe. Konrad Adenauer, Chancellor of West Germany, said of the declaration, "That's our breakthrough."[1] Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... For other uses, see Konrad Adenauer (disambiguation). ...


The resulting ECSC introduced a common free steel and coal market, with freely set market prices, and without import/export duties or subsidies. However, a transition period allowed the different economies to reach this situation over about one year.


In particular, the declaration specifies the creation of a higher authority independent of the national governments. It also mentions the prospect of a European federation: "Europe will not be made all at once, or according to a single plan. It will be built through concrete achievements which first create a de facto solidarity."


In 1985, during a period when the president of the European Commission was a Frenchman, Jacques Delors, the Milan Summit of European Union leaders chose to commemorate this event by marking May 9 as the EU-sponsored Europe Day (the Council of Europe sponsored Europe day is May 5). The EC viewed the Declaration as the formative event of the European project: "the first Europe Day was celebrated on 9 May, the anniversary of the Schuman Declaration. The centenary of the birth of Jean Monnet, another of the founding fathers of Europe, which is being celebrated this year, is a similar affirmation of our common history."[2] Berlaymont, the Commissions seat The European Commission (formally the Commission of the European Communities) is the executive branch of the European Union. ... Jacques Lucien Jean Delors (born July 20, 1925 in Paris) is a French economist and politician, the only person who served two terms as President of the European Commission (between 1985 and 1995). ... The Council of Europe (COE) has developed a series of European symbols for the continent of Europe, and these have since been shared with the European Union (EU). ... Anthem Ode to Joy (orchestral)  ten founding members joined subsequently observer at the Parliamentary Assembly observer at the Committee of Ministers  official candidate Seat Strasbourg, France Membership 47 European states 5 observers (Council) 3 observers (Assembly) Leaders  -  Secretary General Terry Davis  -  President of the Parliamentary Assembly Rene van der Linden...


Notes

  1. ^ Judt (1994), 31.
  2. ^ Shore and Black (1992), 11. Shore (1993), 789 ff. 22 incorrectly dates the declaration to 1952, and conflates it with the Treaty of Paris, which though negotiated in 1951 came into effect in 1952.

Year 1952 (MCMLII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Treaty of Paris, signed on April 18, 1951 between Belgium, France, West Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands established the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), which subsequently became part of the European Union. ...

References

  • Judt, Tony. Große Illusion Europa. München: Hanser, 1994.
  • McDougall, Walter. "Political Economy versus National Sovereignty: French Structures for German Economic Integration after Versailles." The Journal of Modern History 51, no. 1. (Mar., 1979): 4-23.
  • Shore, Cris. "Inventing the 'People's Europe': Critical Approaches to European Community 'Cultural Policy.'" Man 28, no. 4. (Dec., 1993): 779-800.
  • Shore, Cris and Annabel Black. "The European Communities and the Construction of Europe." Anthropology Today 8, no. 3. (Jun., 1992): 10-11.

External links

  • EUROPA - Declaration of 9 May 1950
  • Video of the 9 May 1950 declaration (French) European NAvigator
  • The 9th may's declaration : which past for an inheritance?, on "EUROS DU VILLAGE"

  Results from FactBites:
 
EUROPA - The symbols of the EU - Europe day, 9 May (148 words)
On the 9th of May 1950, Robert Schuman presented his proposal on the creation of an organised Europe, indispensable to the maintenance of peaceful relations.
This proposal, known as the "Schuman declaration", is considered to be the beginning of the creation of what is now the European Union.
Today, the 9th of May has become a European symbol (Europe Day) which, along with the flag, the anthem, the motto and the single currency (the euro), identifies the political entity of the European Union.
Robert Schuman (747 words)
Robert Schuman was born in Luxembourg in 1886.
In 1958 Schuman was elected president of the European Assembly in Strasbourg.
Schuman explained that the pooling of coal and steel production would immediately provide for the first stage of a European federation, the immediate creation of a common basis for economic development, and for a comprehensive change in their development.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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