Houses in the centre of Schwäbisch Hall, next to the river Kocher

Schwäbisch Hall (or Hall for short) is a city in the German state of Baden-Württemberg; it is the capital of the district Schwäbisch Hall. The town is placed in the valley of the river Kocher in the north-eastern part of Baden-Württemberg. Today, about 36,000 people live in Hall. Germany is a federation of 16 states called Länder (singular Land) or unofficially Bundesländer (singular Bundesland, German federal state). ... With an area of 35,742 km² and 10. ... Districts are a form of local government in several countries. ... Schwäbisch-Hall is a district (Kreis) in the north-east of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. ...

Name

Literally translated, the name means Swabian fountain of salt, referring to a place where salty water was distilled to produce salt. Swabia (German Schwaben) is a historic region in Germany and a language area. ... For other meanings of the word salt see table salt or salt (disambiguation). ...

History

Salt was distilled by the Celts at the site of Schwäbisch Hall as early as the fifth century BC. The first time it was mentioned in a treaty was in 1156, in connection with the establishment of St. Michaels Church in Hall. The village probably belonged first to the Counts of Comburg-Rothenburg and fell from them to the imperial house of Hohenstaufen (ca 1116). It was probably Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa who founded the imperial mint and started the coining of the so-called Heller. Schwäbisch Hall flourished through the production of salt and coins. Since 1204 it is called a town. This article is about the European people. ... Events Establishment of the Carmelite Order Hogen Rebellion in Japan January 20 - According to legend, freeholder Lalli slays English crusader Bishop Henry with an axe on the ice of the lake Köyliönjärvi in Finland. ... Hohenstaufen was a dynasty of Kings of Germany, many of whom were also crowned Holy Roman Emperor and Dukes of Swabia. ... Events Baldwin I of Jerusalem undertakes an invasion of Egypt The modern book of separate pages stitched together is invented in China Construction starts on the Chennkesava temple The Aztecs leave Aztlán searching for the site of what will eventually become Tenochtitlán and later Mexico City Births Deaths... Frederick in a 13th century Chronicle Frederick I Hohenstaufen (1122 – June 10, 1190), also known as Frederick Barbarossa (Frederick Redbeard) was elected king of Germany on March 4, 1152 and was crowned Holy Roman Emperor on June 18, 1155. ... Heller may mean: heller (money), a unit of money Heller SA, a French manufacturer of model kits Family name for several notable persons (also Häller): André Heller Joseph Heller, author of Catch-22 Zoë Heller, journalist and novelist (Notes on a Scandal) the Heller river in Germany This is a... Events February - Byzantine emperor Alexius IV is overthrown in a revolution, and Alexius V is proclaimed emperor. ...

After the fall of the house of Hohenstaufen Hall defended itself successfully against the claims of a noble family in the neighbourhood (the Schenken von Limpurg). The conflict was finally settled in 1280 by King Rudolph I of Habsburg; this allowed the undisturbed development into a Imperial Free City (Reichsstadt) of the Holy Roman Empire. Emperor Louis IV the Bavarian granted a constitution that settled inner conflicts (the so-called Erste Zwietracht) in 1340. After this, the city was governed by the inner council (Innerer Rat) which was composed by twelve noblemen, six "middle burghers" and eight craftsmen. Head of the council was the Stättmeister (mayor). A second phase of inner conflicts 1510-1512 (Zweite Zwietracht) brought the dominating role of the nobility to an end. The confrontation with the noble families was started by Stättmeister Hermann Büschler, whose daughter Anna Büschler is the subject of a popular book by Harvard professor Steven Ozment ("The Bürgermeister's Daughter: Scandal in a sixteenth-century German town"). The leading role was taken over by a group of civic families who turned into a new ruling class. Amongst them where the Bonhöffers, the ancestors of Dietrich Bonhoeffer. Events Eric II crowned king of Norway Births Deaths August 22 - Pope Nicholas III November 15 - German philosopher Categories: 1280 ... The brass of the tomb of Rudolph I in Speyer Rudolph I (Rudolph of Hapsburg) (May 1, 1218 - July 15, 1291) was a German king. ... In the Holy Roman Empire, an Imperial Free City (in German: Freie Reichsstadt) was a city formally responsible to the Emperor only — as opposed to the majority of cities in the Empire, which belonged to a territory and were thus governed by one of the many princes and dukes of... The Holy Roman Empire ( German: Heiliges Römisches Reich) ( Italian: Sacro Romano Impero) ( Latin: Sacrum Romanum Imperium) ( Czech: Svatá říše římská) ( French: Saint Empire Romain Germanique) ( Polish: Święte Cesarstwo Rzymskie Narodu Niemieckiego) ( Dutch: Heilige Roomse Rijk) was a political conglomeration of lands in Central Europe in the Middle Ages and the... Louis IV of Bavaria of the House of Wittelsbach, born 1282, was duke of Bavaria from 1294, duke of the Palatinate from 1329 and, after 1314, Holy Roman Emperor. ... Events January 26 - King France June 24 - The Battle of Sluys is fought between the naval fleets of the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France. ... Events Conquest of Pskov by Grand Prince Vasili III of Muscovy. ... Events April 11 - Battle of Ravenna. ... Dietrich Bonhoeffer ( February 4, 1906 – April 9, 1945) was a German religious leader and participant in the resistance movement against Nazism. ...

From the 14th to the 16th century Schwäbisch Hall acquired systematically a big territory in the surrounding area, mostly from noble families and the Comburg monastery. The wealth of this era can still be seen in some gothic buildings like St. Michaels Church (rebuilt 1427-1526) with its impressive stairway (1507). The town turned very early to the Protestant Reformation. Johannes Brenz, a follower of Martin Luther, was made pastor of St. Michaels Church in 1522 and quickly began to reform the church and the school system in a Lutheran sense. (13th century - 14th century - 15th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 14th century was that century which lasted from 1301 to 1400. ... (15th century - 16th century - 17th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 16th century was that century which lasted from 1501 to 1600. ... Gothic architecture characterizes any of the styles of European architecture, particularly associated with cathedrals and other churches, in use throughout Europe during the high and late medieval period, from the 12th century onwards. ... Events Lincoln College in Oxford is founded. ... Events January 14 - Treaty of Madrid. ... Events The western continent is named America on the maps of Martin Waldseemüller. ... The Protestant Reformation was a movement which began in the 16th century as a series of attempts to reform the Roman Catholic Church, but ended in division and the establishment of new institutions, most importantly Lutheranism, Reformed churches, and Anabaptists. ... Martin Luther (originally Martin Luder or Martinus Luther) (November 10, 1483 – February 18, 1546) was a German theologian and an Augustinian monk whose teachings inspired the Protestant Reformation and deeply influenced the doctrines of Lutheran, Protestant and other Christian traditions (a broad movement composed of many congregations and church bodies). ... Events January 9 - Adrian Dedens becomes Pope Adrian VI. February 26 - Execution by hanging of Cuauhtémoc, Aztec ruler of Tenochtitlan under orders of conquistador Hernán Cortés. ...

In 1680 and especially in 1728 fires destroyed much of the city, which lead to baroque new buildings, such as the city hall. Events First Portuguese governor was appointed to Macau The Swedish city Karlskrona was founded as the Royal Swedish Navy relocated there. ... Events Astronomical aberration discovered by the astronomer James Bradley Swedish academy of sciences founded at Uppsala Births February 21 - Emperor Peter III of Russia, husband of Catherine the Great (d. ... Adoration, by Peter Paul Rubens: dynamic figures spiral down around a void: draperies blow: a whirl of movement lit in a shaft of light, rendered in a free bravura handling of paint The Baroque was a style in art that used exaggerated motion and clear, easily interpreted detail to produce...

Hall lost its Imperial Free City status in 1802, becoming an Oberamtsstadt in Württemberg. Ownership of the saltworks was handed over to the state. A long economical crisis during the 19th century forced many citizens to move to other places in Germany or to emigrate overseas, mostly to the USA. While other towns like Heilbronn grew steadily due to the Industrial Revolution, the population of Schwäbisch Hall stagnated. The economic situation improved during the second half of the 19th century but was not followed by an significant growth of the town. It was not until the 1920s and 1930s that new settlements were built on the heights surrounding the old town. Schwäbisch Hall also grew through the incorporation of Steinbach (1930) and Hessental (1936). Events March 16 - West Point is established. ... Württemberg (often spelled Wurttemberg in English) refers to an area and a former state in Swabia, a region in south-western Germany. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... The word Usa has more than one meaning: U.S.A. - The United States of America Usa, Oita - A city in Japan This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Categories: Germany-related stubs | Cities in Germany | Towns in Baden-Württemberg ... The Industrial Revolution is the name given to the massive social, economic, and technological change in 18th century and 19th century Great Britain. ... 1930 is a common year starting on Wednesday. ... 1930 is a common year starting on Wednesday. ...

Since the beginning of the 20th century, Hall developed many festivities. Especially well known are the theatre productions which are performed every year in the centre of the city on the steps of St. Michael. (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999 in the...

In 1934, Hall was officially named Schwäbisch Hall.

During the Third Reich a Luftwaffe air base was build at Hessental. In 1944 a concentration camp was established next to the train station Hall-Hessental. Nazi Germany, or the Third Reich, commonly refers to Germany in the years 1933–1945, when it was under the firm control of the totalitarian and fascist ideology of the Nazi Party, with the Führer Adolf Hitler as dictator. ... The Luftwaffe (literally, air weapon, pronounced looft-vaaf-feh) is the air force of Germany. ... A concentration camp is a large detention center created for political opponents, aliens, specific ethnic or religious groups, civilians of a critical war-zone, or other groups of people, often during a war. ...

Industry

With the dwindling importance of salt, Hall was looking for new industries. Today it is known for the Bausparkasse Schwäbisch Hall AG, a housing credit company, founded 1944, as well as a local center for service industries.

In the 1970s, Hall was enlarged by some agricultural villages which then became part of the municipality.

Twin towns

• Epinal, France (1964)
• Loughborough, England (1966)
• Lappeenranta, Finland (1985)
• Neustrelitz, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany (1988)
• Zamosc, Poland (1989)

This article is about partnerships between towns distant from each other; see Twin cities for the different concept of physically neighbouring cities. ... Épinal is a commune of northeastern France, préfecture (capital) of the Vosges département. ... Loughboroughs carillon Loughborough (pronounced luff-burra or luff-bruh) is largest the town in Leicestershire, England (City of Leicester excluded). ... Lappeenranta (Villmanstrand in Swedish) is a city and municipality that resides on the shore of the lake Saimaa in South-Eastern Finland, about 30 km from the Russian border. ... Neustrelitz is a town in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany. ... The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ...

External link

• Website of the City of Schwäbisch Hall, German (in German) (http://www.schwaebischhall.de)