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The sciatic nerve (also known as the ischiatic nerve) is a large nerve that runs down the lower limb. It is the longest single nerve in the body. Image File history File links Gray1244. ...
Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in Latium, the region immediately surrounding Rome. ...
The Lateral rotator group are a group of muscles of the hip consisting of the externus obturator, the internus obturator, the piriformis, the superior gemellus, the inferior gemellus, and the quadratus femoris. ...
The piriformis (from Latin piriformis = pear shaped) is a muscle in the gluteal region of the lower limb. ...
The Quadratus femoris muscle is a muscle of the human body. ...
The posterior fascial compartment of the thigh contains the knee flexors and hip extensors: biceps femoris semitendinosus semimembranosus The muscles here (except for the short head of the biceps femoris) are the hamstrings. ...
Grays Fig. ...
In human anatomy, the Sacral plexus refers to the nerve plexus emerging from the sacral vertebrae (S1-S4), and which provides nerves for the pelvis and lower limbs. ...
The Tibial Nerve The tibial nerve passes through the popliteal fossa to pass below the arch of soleus. ...
The common peroneal nerve (common fibular nerve; external popliteal nerve; peroneal nerve), about one-half the size of the tibial nerve, is derived from the dorsal branches of the fourth and fifth lumbar and the first and second sacral nerves. ...
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Nerves (yellow) Nerves redirects here. ...
In humans, the lower limb is an anatomical term for the limb that is attached to the pelvic girlde, what is commonly referred to as the leg. ...
The sciatic supplies nearly the whole of the skin of the leg, the muscles of the back of the thigh, and those of the leg and foot.
Anatomical course The nerve enters the lower limb by exiting the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen, below the Piriformis muscle. The pelvis (pl. ...
The greater sciatic foramen is bounded, in front and above, by the posterior border of the hip bone; behind, by the sacrotuberous ligament; and below, by the sacrospinous ligament. ...
The piriformis (from Latin piriformis = pear shaped) is a muscle in the gluteal region of the lower limb. ...
It descends between the greater trochanter of the femur and the tuberosity of the ischium, and along the back of the thigh to about its lower third, where it divides into three large branches, the tibial and common peroneal nerves. This division may take place at any point between the sacral plexus and the lower third of the thigh. When it occurs at the plexus, the common peroneal nerve usually pierces the Piriformis muscles. Bones of the Hip In anatomy, the hip is the bony projection of the femur, known as the greater trochanter, and the overlying muscle and fat. ...
The femur or thigh bone is the longest, most voluminous, and strongest bone of the mammalian bodies. ...
Posteriorly the Superior ramus of the ischium forms a large swelling, the tuberosity of the ischium, which is divided into two portions: a lower, rough, somewhat triangular part, and an upper, smooth, quadrilateral portion. ...
The Tibial Nerve The tibial nerve passes through the popliteal fossa to pass below the arch of soleus. ...
The common peroneal nerve (common fibular nerve; external popliteal nerve; peroneal nerve), about one-half the size of the tibial nerve, is derived from the dorsal branches of the fourth and fifth lumbar and the first and second sacral nerves. ...
The piriformis (from Latin piriformis = pear shaped) is a muscle in the gluteal region of the lower limb. ...
In the upper part of its course, the nerve rests upon the posterior surface of the ischium, the nerve to the Quadratus femoris, the Obturator internus and Gemelli; it is accompanied by the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve and the inferior gluteal artery, and is covered by the Gluteus maximus. The nerve to quadratus femoris is a nerve that provides innervation to the quadratus femoris and gemellus inferior muscles. ...
The obturator internus muscle originates on the medial surface of the obturator membrane, the ischium near the membrane, and the rim of the pubis. ...
Gemelli is a pasta in the shape of a spiral tube. ...
The Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve (small sciatic nerve) is distributed to the skin of the perineum and posterior surface of the thigh and leg. ...
The inferior gluteal artery (sciatic artery), the larger of the two terminal branches of the anterior trunk of the hypogastric, is distributed chiefly to the buttock and back of the thigh. ...
The gluteus maximus is the largest of the gluteus muscles which are located in the buttock. ...
Lower down, it lies upon the Adductor magnus, and is crossed obliquely by the long head of the Biceps femoris. The Adductor magnus muscle is a muscle of the human body. ...
The biceps femoris, as its name implies, has two heads. ...
Branches The nerve gives off articular and muscular branches. - The articular branches (rami articulares) arise from the upper part of the nerve and supply the hip-joint, perforating the posterior part of its capsule; they are sometimes derived from the sacral plexus.
- The muscular branches (rami musculares) are distributed to the following muscles of the lower limb: Biceps femoris, Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus, and Adductor magnus. The nerve to the short head of the Biceps femoris comes from the common peroneal part of the sciatic, while the other muscular branches arise from the tibial portion, as may be seen in those cases where there is a high division of the sciatic nerve.
The muscular branch eventually gives off the tibial nerve and common peroneal nerve, which innervates the muscles of the (lower) leg. The tibial nerve goes on to innervate muscles of the foot. Bones of the Hip In anatomy, the hip is the bony projection of the femur, known as the greater trochanter, and the overlying muscle and fat. ...
In human anatomy, the Sacral plexus refers to the nerve plexus emerging from the sacral vertebrae (S1-S4), and which provides nerves for the pelvis and lower limbs. ...
The biceps femoris, as its name implies, has two heads. ...
The Semitendinosus muscle is a muscle of the human body. ...
The Semimembranosus muscle is a muscle of the human body. ...
The Adductor magnus muscle is a muscle of the human body. ...
The Tibial Nerve The tibial nerve passes through the popliteal fossa to pass below the arch of soleus. ...
The Common peroneal nerve is a branch of the Sciatic nerve. ...
Pathology Pain caused by a compressed or damaged sciatic nerve is called sciatica. Sciatica is pain caused by general compression and/or irritation of one of five nerve roots that are branches of the sciatic nerve. ...
Additional images Structures surrounding right hip-joint. Image File history File links Gray344. ...
| Plan of sacral and pudendal plexuses. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 455 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (493 × 650 pixel, file size: 34 KB, MIME type: image/png) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
| Nerves of the right lower extremity Posterior view. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (344x1000, 115 KB) Summary Licensing File links The following pages link to this file: Sciatic nerve Wikipedia:Grays Anatomy images with missing articles 17 Tibial nerve Common peroneal nerve Femoral nerve List of images in Grays Anatomy: IX. Neurology...
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External links This article was originally based on an entry from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy. As such, some of the information contained herein may be outdated. Please edit the article if this is the case, and feel free to remove this notice when it is no longer relevant. Duke University is a private coeducational research university located in Durham, North Carolina, USA. Founded by Methodists and Quakers in the present-day town of Trinity in 1838, the school moved to Durham in 1892. ...
MedlinePlus (medlineplus. ...
Georgetown University, incorporated as the The President and Directors of the College of Georgetown, is a private university in the United States, located in Georgetown, a historic neighborhood of Washington, D.C. With roots extending back to March 25, 1634 and founded in its current form on January 23, 1789...
Georgetown University, incorporated as the The President and Directors of the College of Georgetown, is a private university in the United States, located in Georgetown, a historic neighborhood of Washington, D.C. With roots extending back to March 25, 1634 and founded in its current form on January 23, 1789...
The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ...
An illustration from the 1918 edition Henry Grays Anatomy of the Human Body (or Grays Anatomy as it has more commonly become known) is an anatomy textbook widely regarded as a classic work on human anatomy. ...
| Nerves of lower limbs and lower torso: the lumbosacral plexus | | lumbar plexus: iliohypogastric - ilioinguinal - genitofemoral (femoral branch/lumboinguinal, genital branch) - lateral cutaneous of thigh (patellar) - obturator (anterior, cutaneous, posterior, accessory) - femoral (anterior cutaneous branches, saphenous) sacral/coccygeal plexus: to quadratus femoris - to obturator internus - to the piriformis - superior gluteal - inferior gluteal - posterior cutaneous of thigh (inferior cluneal, perineal branches)
sciatic: tibial (medial sural cutaneous, sural, medial calcaneal, medial plantar, lateral plantar) - common fibular (lateral sural cutaneous, deep fibular, superficial fibular, medial dorsal cutaneous, intermediate dorsal cutaneous) Nerves (yellow) Nerves redirects here. ...
In common usage, a human leg is the lower limb of the body, extending from the hip to the ankle, and including the thigh, the knee, and the cnemis. ...
The human torso Torso is an anatomical term for the greater part of the human body without the head and limbs. ...
The anterior divisions of the lumbar nerve, sacral nerve, and coccygeal nerves form the lumbosacral plexus, the first lumbar nerve being frequently joined by a branch from the twelfth thoracic. ...
Grays Fig. ...
The Iliohypogastric Nerve arises from the first lumbar nerve. ...
The Ilioinguinal Nerve, smaller than the Iliohypogastric nerve, arises with it from the first lumbar nerve. ...
In human anatomy, the genitofemoral nerve originates from the upper part of the lumbar plexus of spinal nerves. ...
The lumboinguinal nerve (femoral or crural branch of genitofemoral) descends on the external iliac artery, sending a few filaments around it, and, passing beneath the inguinal ligament, enters the sheath of the femoral vessels, lying superficial and lateral to the femoral artery. ...
The genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve (external spermatic nerve) passes outward on the Psoas major, and pierces the fascia transversalis, or passes through the abdominal inguinal ring; it then descends behind the spermatic cord to the scrotum, supplies the Cremaster, and gives a few filaments to the skin of...
The lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh (also called the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve) is a cutaneous nerve that innervates the skin on the lateral part of the thigh. ...
The terminal filaments of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve frequently communicate with the anterior cutaneous branches of the femoral nerve, and with the infrapatellar branch of the saphenous nerve, forming with them the patellar plexus. ...
The Obturator Nerve arises from the ventral divisions of the second, third, and fourth lumbar nerves; the branch from the third is the largest, while that from the second is often very small. ...
The anterior branch of the obturator nerve leaves the pelvis in front of the Obturator externus and descends in front of the Adductor brevis, and behind the Pectineus and Adductor longus; at the lower border of the latter muscle it communicates with the anterior cutaneous and saphenous branches of the...
Occasionally the communicating branch to the anterior cutaneous and saphenous branches of the femoral is continued down, as a cutaneous branch, to the thigh and leg, as the cutaneous branch of the obturator nerve. ...
The posterior branch of the obturator nerve pierces the anterior part of the Obturator externus, and supplies this muscle; it then passes behind the Adductor brevis on the front of the Adductor magnus, where it divides into numerous muscular branches which are distributed to the Adductor magnus and the Adductor...
The Accessory Obturator Nerve is present in about 29 per cent. ...
The femoral nerve, the largest branch of the lumbar plexus, arises from the dorsal divisions of the second, third, and fourth lumbar nerves. ...
The anterior cutaneous branches of the femoral nerve consist of the following nerves: intermediate cutaneous nerve and medial cutaneous nerve. ...
The Saphenous Nerve (long or internal saphenous nerve) is the largest cutaneous branch of the femoral nerve. ...
In human anatomy, the Sacral plexus refers to the nerve plexus emerging from the sacral vertebrae (S1-S4), and which provides nerves for the pelvis and lower limbs. ...
The nerve to quadratus femoris is a nerve that provides innervation to the quadratus femoris and gemellus inferior muscles. ...
The nerve to obturator internus is a nerve that innervates the obturator internus and gemellus superior muscles. ...
The nerve to piriformis is a nerve that innervates the piriformis muscle. ...
The superior gluteal nerve is a nerve that originates in the pelvis which supplies the gluteus medius, the gluteus minimus, and the tensor fasciae latae muscles. ...
The Superior Gluteal Nerve () arises from the dorsal divisions of the fourth and fifth lumbar and first sacral nerves: it leaves the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen above the Piriformis, accompanied by the superior gluteal vessels, and divides into a superior and an inferior branch. ...
The posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh (also called the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve) provides innervation to the skin of the posterior surface of the thigh and leg, as well as to the skin of the perineum. ...
The inferior clunial nerves innervate the skin of the lower part of the buttocks. ...
The perineal branches of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve are distributed to the skin at the upper and medial side of the thigh. ...
The Tibial Nerve The tibial nerve passes through the popliteal fossa to pass below the arch of soleus. ...
The medial sural cutaneous nerve descends between the two heads of the Gastrocnemius, and, about the middle of the back of the leg, pierces the deep fascia, and unites with the anastomotic ramus of the common peroneal to form the sural nerve. ...
The sural nerve (short saphenous nerve), formed by the junction of the medial sural cutaneous with the peroneal anastomotic branch, passes downward near the lateral margin of the tendo calcaneus, lying close to the small saphenous vein, to the interval between the lateral malleolus and the calcaneus. ...
The medial calcaneal branches of the tibial nerve (internal calcaneal branches) perforate the laciniate ligament, and supply the skin of the heel and medial side of the sole of the foot. ...
The medial plantar nerve (internal plantar nerve), the larger of the two terminal divisions of the tibial nerve, accompanies the medial plantar artery. ...
The Lateral Plantar Nerve (external plantar nerve) supplies the skin of the fifth toe and lateral half of the fourth, as well as most of the deep muscles, its distribution being similar to that of the ulnar nerve in the hand. ...
The common peroneal nerve (common fibular nerve; external popliteal nerve; peroneal nerve), about one-half the size of the tibial nerve, is derived from the dorsal branches of the fourth and fifth lumbar and the first and second sacral nerves. ...
The lateral sural cutaneous nerve (lateral cutaneous branch) supplies the skin on the posterior and lateral surfaces of the leg. ...
The Deep fibular nerve (deep peroneal nerve) begins at the bifurcation of the common peroneal nerve, between the fibula and upper part of the Fibularis (Peronæus) longus, passes infero-medially, deep to Extensor digitorum longus, to the anterior surface of the interosseous membrane, and comes into relation with the...
The Superficial Fibular/Peroneal Nerve (musculocutaneous nerve of the leg) innervates the Peronei longus and brevis and the skin over the greater part of the dorsum of the foot. ...
The medial dorsal cutaneous nerve (internal dorsal cutaneous branch) passes in front of the ankle-joint, and divides into two dorsal digital branches, one of which supplies the medial side of the great toe, the other, the adjacent side of the second and third toes. ...
The intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve (external dorsal cutaneous branch), the smaller, passes along the lateral part of the dorsum of the foot, and divides into dorsal digital branches, which supply the contiguous sides of the third and fourth, and of the fourth and fifth toes. ...
pudendal plexus: perforating cutaneous - pudendal (dorsal of the penis/clitoris, inferior anal, perineal and posterior scrotal/labial) - anococcygeal The pudendal plexus is not sharply marked off from the sacral plexus, and as a consequence some of the branches which spring from it may arise in conjunction with those of the sacral plexus. ...
The Perforating Cutaneous Nerve usually arises from the posterior surface of the second and third sacral nerves. ...
The pudendal nerve is responsible for orgasm, urination, and defecation in both sexes. ...
The dorsal nerve of the penis is the deepest division of the pudendal nerve; it accompanies the internal pudendal artery along the ramus of the ischium; it then runs forward along the margin of the inferior ramus of the pubis, between the superior and inferior layers of the fascia of...
The dorsal nerve of the clitoris is a nerve in females that branches off the pudendal nerve to innervate the clitoris. ...
The Inferior rectal nerves (inferior anal nerves, inferior hemorrhoidal nerve) occasionally arises directly from the sacral plexus; it crosses the ischiorectal fossa, with the inferior hemorrhoidal vessels, toward the anal canal and the lower end of the rectum, and is distributed to the Sphincter ani externus and to the integument...
The perineal nerve is a nerve arising from the pudendal nerve that supplies the perineum. ...
The posterior scrotal (or labial) branches; superficial peroneal nerves) are two in number, medial and lateral. ...
Anococcygeal Nerves: The fifth sacral nerve receives a communicating filament from the fourth, and unites with the coccygeal nerve to form the coccygeal plexus. ...
cutaneous innervation of the lower limbs Foot. ...
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