FACTOID # 68: One in every three Australians is a victim of crime.
 
 Home   Encyclopedia   Statistics   Countries A-Z   Flags   Maps   Education   Forum   FAQ   About 
 
WHAT'S NEW
RECENT ARTICLES
More Recent Articles »
 

SEARCH ALL

FACTS & STATISTICS   

Search encyclopedia, statistics and forums:

 

 

(* = Graphable)

 

 


Encyclopedia > Science and technology in Israel

State of Israel
Geography

Land of Israel
Districts · Cities · Transportation
Dead Sea · Red Sea · Sea of Galilee
Mediterranean · Negev · Judea · Samaria
Jerusalem · Tel Aviv · Haifa Israeli Coat of Arms Original digital image can be found at the site of the Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs: http://www. ... ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... This article concerns the concept of The Land of Israel (Hebrew: ארץ ישראל Eretz Yisrael) in Jewish and Christian thought from its Biblical sources to the present day. ... There are six main districts of Israel, known in Hebrew as mehozot (singular: mehoz) and thirteen sub-districts known as nafot (singular: nafa). ... Cities in Israel, by district: // Northern District See also North District, Israel. ... The Jordan River flowing into the Dead Sea The Dead Sea (Arabic البحر الميت, Hebrew ים המלח) is the lowest exposed point on the Earths surface. ... Location of the Red Sea The Red Sea (Arabic البحر الأحمر Baḥr al-Aḥmar, al-Baḥru l-’Aḥmar; Hebrew ים סוף Yam Suf; Tigrigna ቀይሕ ባሕሪ QeyH baHri) is a gulf or basin of the Indian Ocean between Africa and Asia. ... The Sea of Galilee with the Jordan River flowing out of it to the south and into the Dead Sea Kineret redirects here; for the Amgen drug having this tradename, see Anakinra The Sea of Galilee is Israels largest freshwater lake, approximately 53 kilometers (33 miles) in circumference, about... The Mediterranean Sea is an intercontinental sea positioned between Europe to the north, Africa to the south and Asia to the east, covering an approximate area of 2. ... Ruins in the Negev desert The Negev (Hebrew נֶגֶב, Tiberian Hebrew Néḡeḇ; Arabic النقب an-Naqab) is the desert region of southern Israel. ... Desert hills in southern Judea, looking east from the town of Arad Judea or Judaea (יהודה Praise, Standard Hebrew , Tiberian Hebrew , Greek: Ιουδαία, Russian: Иудея) is a term used for the mountainous southern part of the historic Land of Israel (Hebrew: ארץ ישראל Eretz Yisrael), an area now divided between Israel and the West Bank... Samaria, Sumaria or Shomron (Hebrew שֹׁמְרוֹן, Standard Hebrew Å omÉ™ron, Tiberian Hebrew ŠōmÉ™rôn, Arabic سامريّون SāmariyyÅ«n (but commonly called in Arabic جبال نابلس Jibal Nablus), in the New Testament Greek Σαμαρεία) is a term used for the mountainous northern part of the area on the west bank of the Jordan River. ... Jerusalem and the Old City. ... Tel-Aviv was founded on empty dunes north of the existing city of Jaffa. ... For the Lebanese singer, see Haifa Wehbe. ...

History of Israel

Zionism · Timeline ·Aliyah · Herzl
Balfour · Mandate · 1947 UN Plan
Independence · Austerity · Ma'abarot
Lavon Affair · Eichmann Trial
This article discusses the history of the modern State of Israel, from its inception in 1948 to the present. ... For other meanings, please see Zionism (disambiguation) Poster promoting a film about Jewish settlement in Palestine, 1930s: Toward a New Life (in Romanian),The Promised Land (in Hungarian) 1844 Discourse on the Restoration of the Jews by Mordecai Noah, page one. ... Timeline of Zionism in the modern era: 1861 - The Zion Society is formed in Frankfurt, Germany. ... Aliyah (Hebrew: עלייה; ascent) is a term widely used to mean Jewish immigration to the Land of Israel (and since its establishment in 1948, the State of Israel). ... Theodor Herzl, in his middle age. ... The Balfour Declaration was a letter dated November 2, 1917 from British Foreign Secretary Arthur James Balfour on behalf of the British government, to Lord Rothschild (Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild), a leader of the British Jewish community, for transmission to the Zionist Federation, a private Zionist organization. ... Map of the territory under the British Mandate of Palestine. ... On 29 November 1947 the United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine, a plan to resolve the Arab-Jewish conflict in the British Mandate of Palestine, was approved by the United Nations General Assembly, at the UN World Headquarters in New York. ... Austerity in Israel: From 1949 to 1959, the state of Israel was, to a varying extent, under a regime of austerity (צנע), during which rationing and similar measures were enforced. ... The Maabarot (Hebrew: מעברות) were transit camps that were in Israel in the 1950s. ... The Lavon Affair refers to a widespread political scandal in Israel that followed an Israeli covert operation in Egypt known as Operation Suzannah. ... The Trial of Adolf Eichmann were held in Israel in the early 1960s. ...

Arab-Israeli conflict · Proposals

1948 War · 1949 Armistice · Suez War
Six-Day War · Attrition War
Yom Kippur War · Lebanon War
Peace treaties with:
Egypt, Lebanon, Jordan
It has been suggested that History of Arab-Israeli Conflict be merged into this article or section. ... Geneva Accord October 20, 2003 Road Map for Peace April 30, 2003 The Peoples Voice July 27, 2002 Elon Peace Plan 2002 ... The 1948 Arab-Israeli War is referred to as the War of Independence (Hebrew: מלחמת העצמאות) or as the War of Liberation (Hebrew: מלחמת השחרור) by Israelis. ... The 1949 Armistice Agreements are a set of agreements signed during 1949 between Israel and its neighbors Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon and Syria. ... Combatants Israel, France, United Kingdom Egypt Commanders Moshe Dayan (CoS of the IDF) General Sir Charles Keightley (C-in-C), Vice-Admiral Pierre Barjot (Deputy) Gamal Abdel Nasser Strength 45,000 British, 34,000 French, 175,000 Israeli 300,000 Egyptians Casualties 200 Israelis, 107 British, 43 French dead or... The Six-Day War (Hebrew: מלחמת ששת הימים transliteration: Milhemet Sheshet Hayamim), also known as the 1967 Arab-Israeli War, Six Days War, or June War, was fought between Israel and its Arab neighbors Egypt, Jordan, and Syria. ... The War of Attrition was a limited war fought between Egypt and Israel from 1968 to 1970. ... Combatants Israel Egypt, Syria, (Jordan, Iraq) Commanders Moshe Dayan, David Elazar, Ariel Sharon, Shmuel Gonen Saad El Shazly, Ahmad Ismail Ali Strength 415,000 troops; 1,500 tanks, 3,000 armored carriers; 945 artillery units 100 mm and up; 561 airplanes, 84 helicopters; 38 battleships. ... The 1982 Invasion of Lebanon, dubbed Operation Peace for Galilee (Shlom HaGalil in Hebrew), began June 6, 1982, when the Israel Defence Force invaded southern Lebanon purportedly in response to the Abu Nidal organizations assassination attempt against Israels ambassador to the United Kingdom, Shlomo Argov, and to halt...

Israeli-Palestinian conflict

Timeline · Peace process · Peace camp
1st Intifada · Oslo · 2nd Intifada
Barrier · Disengagement Israel, the West Bank and Gaza Strip are at the center of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. ... This is an incomplete!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! timeline of events in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. ... The Peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict has taken shape over the years, despite the ongoing violence in the Middle East. ... The Israeli peace camp is a collection of political and non-political movements which desire to promote peace, mainly with the Arab neighbours of Israel (the Palestinians, Syria and Lebanon) and encourage co-existence with the Arab citizens of Israel. ... Intifada A poster from 1990 The First Intifada refers to a series of violent incidents between Palestinians and Israelis between 1987 and approximately 1993, when the Oslo accords were signed and the Palestinian National Authority was established. ... The Oslo Accords, officially called the Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements or Declaration of Principles (DOP), were finalized in Oslo, Norway on August 20, 1993, and subsequently officially signed at a public ceremony in Washington D.C. on September 13, 1993, with Yasser Arafat signing for the... It has been suggested that October 2000 riots (Israel) be merged into this article or section. ... The barrier route as of May 2005 The Israeli West Bank barrier (commonly referred to as a fence by its supporters and a wall by its opponents) is a physical barrier being constructed by Israel consisting of a network of fences with vehicle-barrier trenches (95%) and walls (5%). The... A map illustrating the four phases of the Gaza disengagement plan. ...

Economy

Science & Tech. · Companies · Tourism
. The top 10 Israeli companies by sales are: Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd. ... See Also Wikitravel[1] // Tourism in Argentina Buenos Aires Mendoza Patagonia San Carlos de Bariloche Tourism in Australia New South Wales Bondi Beach Sydney Fox Studios Australia Sydney Luna Park, Sydney Taronga Zoo Sydney Sydney Harbour Bridge Sydney Sydney Opera House Sydney Western Plains Zoo Dubbo Victoria Crown Casino Melbourne...

Demographics · Culture

Judaism · Israeli Arabs · Kibbutz
Music · Archaeology · Universities
Hebrew · Literature · Israelis This article discusses the demographics of Israel. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... The great majority of citizens in the State of Israel are Jewish; the great majority of Israeli Jews practice Judaism as their religion. ... // Introduction Israeli Arabs, also referred to as Arab-Israelis, Arab citizens of Israel or Palestinian citizens of Israel, are Arabs who are citizens of Israel. ... Kibbutz Dan, near Qiryat Shemona, in the Upper Galilee, 1990s A kibbutz (Hebrew: קיבוץ; plural: kibbutzim: קיבוצים, gathering or together) is an Israeli collective community. ... Modern Israeli music is heavily influenced by its constituents, which include Palestinians (see Palestinian music) and Jewish immigrants (see Jewish music) from more than 120 countries around the world have brought their own musical traditions, making Israel a global melting pot. ... The archaeology of Israel is a national passion that also attracts considerable international interest on account of the regions Biblical links. ... There are eight official universities in Israel. ... Hebrew is a Semitic language of the Afro-Asiatic language family spoken by more than 7 million people, mainly in Israel, the West Bank, the United States and by Jewish communities around the world. ... Israeli literature is literature of the nation of Israel. ...

Laws · Politics

Law of Return · Jerusalem Law
Parties · Elections · PM · President
Knesset · Supreme Court · Courts The Basic Laws of Israel function as Israels uncodified constitution. The State of Israel has no formal constitution. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Right of return#Jewish. ... The Jerusalem Law is a common name of Basic Law: Jerusalem, Capital of Israel passed by the Israeli Knesset on July 30, 1980 (17th Av, 5740). ... Political parties in Israel: Israels political system is based on proportional representation which allows for a multi-party system with numerous parties, in which a single party usually has no chance of gaining power by itself, forcing the parties to cooperate and form coalition governments. ... Elections in Israel gives information on election and election results in Israel. ... The Prime Minister of Israel (Hebrew: ראש הממשלה, Rosh HaMemshala, lit. ... President of the State of Israel (Hebrew: נשיא המדינה, Nasi Hamedina) is the head of state of Israel, but has a largely ceremonial, figurehead role with real power lying in the hands of the Prime Minister of Israel. ... The Knesset (כנסת, Hebrew for assembly) is the Parliament of Israel. ... Model of the Israel Supreme Court Building. ... Judicial branch is an independent branch of the government which includes secular and religious courts. ...

Foreign affairs

UN · Intl. Law · Arab League Foreign relations of Israel deals with some of the following issues: In addition to seeking an end to hostilities with Arab forces, against which it has fought five wars since 1948, Israel has given high priority to gaining wide acceptance as a sovereign state with an important international role. ... Israel and the United Nations have had very mixed relations, since the states founding on May 14, 1948. ... Arguments about the applicability of various elements of international law underlie the debate around the Arab-Israeli conflict. ... From the time it was established in March 1945, the Arab League took an active role in the Arab-Israeli conflict. ...

Israeli Security Forces

Israel Defense Forces
Mossad · Shabak · Aman
Sayeret · YAMAM · Magav · Police
The Israeli Security Forces (ISF) are several organizations collectively responsible for Israels security. ... The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) (Hebrew: צבא ×”×”×’× ×” לישראל â–¶ (help· info) ([Army] Force for the Defense of Israel), often abbreviated צהל Tsahal, alternative English spelling Tzahal, is the name of Israels armed forces, comprising the Israeli army, Israeli air force and Israeli navy. ... Official seal of the Mossad â–¶ (help· info) (Hebrew: המוסד למודיעין ולתפקידים מיוחדים, Institute for Intelligence and Special Assignments) is an Israeli intelligence agency, commonly referred to as Mossad. ... Shabak emblem Defender who shall not be seen The Shabak (in Hebrew, שבכ â–¶) an acronym of Sherut ha-Bitachon ha-Klali שירות ביטחון כללי) known in English as the Shin Bet (which was how the Shabak was known in Israel in its early days) or the GSS (General Security Service), is the Internal General... Aman badge Aman (אמן) is the Hebrew abbreviation for the Israel Defence Forces (IDF) Directorate of Military Intelligence (אגף מודיעין), Israels central, overarching military inteligence. ... Sayeret (Hebrew סיירת, pl. ... The YAMAM ( יממ ) is the elite civilian counter-terrorism unit of Israel. ... The Israel Border Police (Hebrew: משמר הגבול, mishmar hagvul) is the combat branch of the Israeli Police. ...

Portal:Israel

View this template
Note: this article is about the exact sciences, natural sciences, and engineering.

Israeli contributions to science and technology have been significant. Since the establishment of the State of Israel, Israel has worked in science and engineering. Israeli scientists have contributed in the areas of genetics, medicine, agriculture, computer sciences, electronics, optics, engineering and other high-tech industries. For the scientific journal named Science, see Science (journal). ... By the mid 20th century humans had achieved a level of technological mastery sufficient to leave the surface of the planet for the first time and explore space. ... Genetics (from the Greek genno γεννώ= give birth) is the science of genes, heredity, and the variation of organisms. ... See also Medical doctor (BE), Physician (AE), and Medical school. ... Computer science (informally: CS or compsci) is, in its most general sense, the study of computation and information processing, both in hardware and in software. ... Two digital voltmeters The field of electronics is the study and use of systems that operate by controlling the flow of electrons or other electrically charged particles in devices such as thermionic valves and semiconductors. ... See also: List of optical topics Optics (appearance or look in ancient Greek) is a branch of physics that describes the behavior and properties of light and the interaction of light with matter. ... ... By the mid 20th century humans had achieved a level of technological mastery sufficient to leave the surface of the planet for the first time and explore space. ...


Israeli science is particularly well known for its military technology, from simple submachine guns like the Uzi, ranging to advanced anti-ballistic defense systems - like the Arrow. Moreover, Israel is among the small group of nations in the world that have the capability to launch satellites into orbit (the others include the USA, Russia, the People's Republic of China, Japan, India, and some European nations through the ESA). The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) (Hebrew: צבא ההגנה לישראל ▶ (help· info) ([Army] Force for the Defense of Israel), often abbreviated צהל Tsahal, alternative English spelling Tzahal, is the name of Israels armed forces, comprising the Israeli army, Israeli air force and Israeli navy. ... The Uzi SMG The Uzi is a compact, boxy, light-weight submachine gun. ... Arrow anti-ballistic missile launch The Arrow Interceptor (טיל חץ, Hebrew: Khetz) is a theater missile defense (TMD) system; it is the first missile that was specifically designed and built to intercept and destroy ballistic missiles on a national level. ... A satellite is any object that orbits another object (which is known as its primary). ... A satellite composite image of Europe // Etymology Picture of Europa, carried away by bull-shaped Zeus. ... This article is about the European Space Agency. ...


As a dry land, Israel has pioneered in advanced agricultural technology such as water-conserving irrigation methods, salinity research, enriched compost, irrigation, and enhanced genetic engineered crops. Dry lands which have peace with Israel have received aid from and/or collaborated with Israeli experts in order to improve desert agriculture and produce more food. Israel has a world-wide reputation in this area. A compost bin full of autumn oak leaves Compost is the decomposed remnants of organic materials (those with plant and animal origins). ... High-altitude aerial view of irrigation in the Heart of the Sahara Irrigation (in agriculture) is the replacement or supplementation of rainfall with water from another source in order to grow crops. ...


Israel also has a high reputation in theoretical physics. Israeli physicists tend to deal more with theoretical and conceptual aspects of physics, especially in questions of time and space, and the paradoxes and strange phenomena of quantum mechanics. Theoretical physics is physics that employs mathematical models and abstractions rather than experimental processes. ... A watch Attempting to understand Time has long been a prime occupation for philosophers, scientists and artists. ... Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Space Attempting to understand the nature of space has always been a prime occupation for philosophers and scientists. ... Robert Boyles self-flowing flask fills itself in this diagram, but perpetual motion machines do not exist. ... Fig. ...


Israel is also known for its well-developed and revolutionary medicine. Israel medical researchers and surgeons have worldwide reputation, in searching for new cures as well in high technology and reliability. Recently, a group of researchers from the Weizmann Institute developed a molecular bio-computer that may help cure cancer. See also Medical doctor (BE), Physician (AE), and Medical school. ... The Weizmann Institute of Science (מכון ויצמן למדע) is an institute of higher learning and research in Rehovot, Israel. ... When normal cells are damaged beyond repair, they are eliminated by apoptosis. ...

Contents


Scientific institutions

The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (האוניברסיטה העברית בירושלים) is one of Israels biggest and most important institutes of higher learning and research. ... Jerusalem and the Old City. ... The Technion - Israel Institute of Technology (הטכניון - מכון טכנולוגי לישראל) is a university in Haifa, Israel. ... For the Lebanese singer, see Haifa Wehbe. ... Central Library from a lawn Tel-Aviv University (TAU, אוניברסיטת תל-אביב) is one of Israels major universities. ... אוניברסיטת בן-גוריון בנגב, The Ben-Gurion University of the Negev The Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (אוניברסיטת בן-גוריון בנגב) was founded in 1969, in Beer Sheva, Israel. ... Bar-Ilan University (BIU, אוניברסיטת בר-אילן) is a university in Ramat Gan, Israel. ... Rishon Le Zion in 2002 Rishon LeZion, or Rishon LeZiyyon (ראשון לציון) is a city in Israel, on the central coastal strip, in the Center District of Israel, just south of Tel Aviv, and part of the Tel Aviv metropolitan area (Gush Dan). ... The Weizmann Institute of Science (מכון ויצמן למדע) is an institute of higher learning and research in Rehovot, Israel. ... Rehovot (Hebrew רְחוֹבוֹת ) is a city in the Center District of Israel, about 20 km south of Tel Aviv. ...

High Tech companies

Amdocs NYSE: DOX, based in Raanana, Israel, works with billing and CRM (formerly Clarify) systems, mainly focused on the public sector and telecommunications. ... The term checkpoint may refer to: A place at which vehicles or pedestrians are stopped in order to enforce laws or security measures. ... Elbit Systems Ltd. ... The word Teva in Hebrew means nature. ... Zend Technologies Ltd. ... PHP, short for PHP: HypertextPreprocessor, is an open-source, reflective programming language used mainly for developing server-side applications and dynamic web content, and more recently, other software. ... Elbit Systems Ltd. ... Elbit Systems Ltd. ... IAI is an acronym for: International African Institute Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research Israel Aircraft Industries (Ha-Taasiya Ha-Avirit) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Israel Aircraft Industries or IAI is Israels prime aerospace and aviation manufacturer, producing aerial systems for both military and civilian usage. ... Imi was a Babylonian King from 2257 to (unknown) BCE. He fought for the power in Akkad after the death of Shar-kali-sharri. ... Israeli Military Industries Ltd. ... TAAS is a standardized test used in Texas and implemented by former Governor George W. Bush. ... Raphael (also spelled as Rafael or Rephael, and in Hebrew: רפאל - רשות לפיתוח אמצעי לחימה ) is the Israeli authority for development of weapons and military technology. ... The bayonet, still used in war as both knife and spearpoint. ... Soltam is an Israeli-International company which operate both on the military market and the civilian market. ... Alternative meanings: vehicle armour, Armor (novel) A hoplite wearing a helmet, a breastplate and greaves (and nothing else). ...

Famous Israeli scientists

Nobel Prize Winners

Three Israelis have won science Nobel Prizes. Biologists Avram Hershko and Aaron Ciechanover of the Technion shared the Chemistry prize in 2004. Israeli-American psychologist Daniel Kahneman had previously won the 2002 prize in Economics. In 2005 Robert Aumann from The Hebrew University also won the prize in Economics. This article is a sublist of the List of Jews. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Avram Hershko (born December 31, 1937) is an Israeli biologist. ... Aaron Ciechanover (אהרון צחנובר) (born October 1, 1947) is an Israeli biologist. ... The Technion - Israel Institute of Technology (הטכניון - מכון טכנולוגי לישראל) is a university in Haifa, Israel. ... Daniel Kahneman Daniel Kahneman (born March 5, 1934 in Tel Aviv, in the then British Mandate of Palestine, now in Israel), is a key pioneer and theorist of behavioral finance, which integrates economics and cognitive science to explain seemingly irrational risk management behavior in human beings. ... Israel Robert John Aumann (ישראל אומן) (born June 8, 1930) is an Israeli mathematician and a member of the United States National Academy of Sciences. ... The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (האוניברסיטה העברית בירושלים) is one of Israels biggest and most important institutes of higher learning and research. ...


Additionally, 1958 Medicine laureate Joshua Lederberg was born to Jewish Palestinian parents, while 2004 Physics laureate David Gross partly grew up in Israel, where he obtained his undergraduate degree. Joshua Lederberg speaking at a conference in 1997 Dr. Joshua Lederberg (born May 23, 1925) is a American molecular biologist who is known for his work in genetics, artificial intelligence, and space exploration. ... David Gross and his wife in Santa Barbara David Jonathan Gross (born February 19, 1941 in Washington, D.C.) is an American physicist and string theorist. ...


Other scientists

Prominent scientists are listed in List of Israelis. For a more comprehensive listing, see List of Israeli scientists. This is a list of prominent Israelis (including Arab citizens of Israel). ...


Related topic

Israel has a diversified modern economy with substantial government ownership and a rapidly developing high-tech sector. ...

External links


  Results from FactBites:
 
Science and technology in Israel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (458 words)
Israeli contributions to science and technology have been significant, even strangely out of proportion for a country of roughly six million with continuous security challenges.
Since the establishment of the State of Israel, Israel has pioneered work in science and engineering, compensating a small national budget with creativity and imagination.
Moreover, Israel is among the small group of nations in the world that have the capability to launch satellites into orbit (the others include the USA, Russia, Europe mainly through the common European space agency ESA, the People's Republic of China, Japan, and India).
US-Israel Science and Technology Commission (USISTC), March 24, 2004 (1231 words)
Our Office of Technology Policy, along with the collaborative efforts of the BIO organization and in consultation with other federal and state policymakers, recently completed the first in-depth government assessment on the development and adoption of biotechnology in American industry.
The Technology Administration is involved with emerging technologies that have the potential for contributing to economic growth.
Technology development and commercialization are the new drivers of economic growth, both in the U.S. and around the world.
  More results at FactBites »

 

COMMENTARY     


Share your thoughts, questions and commentary here
Your name
Your location
Your comments
Please enter the 5-letter protection code


Lesson Plans | Student Area | Student FAQ | Reviews | Press Releases |  Feeds | Contact
The Wikipedia article included on this page is licensed under the GFDL.
Images may be subject to relevant owners' copyright.
All other elements are (c) copyright NationMaster.com 2003-5. All Rights Reserved.
Usage implies agreement with terms.