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Encyclopedia > Scientific laws named after people

This is a list of scientific laws named after people (eponymous laws). For other lists of eponyms, see eponym. The list of eponymous laws provides links to articles on laws, adages, and other succinct observations or predictions named after a person. ... An eponym is the name of a person, whether real or fictitious, which has (or is thought to have) given rise to the name of a particular place, tribe, discovery or other item. ...

Law Field Person(s) Named After
Abel's theorem Calculus Niels Henrik Abel
Amdahl's law Computer science Gene Amdahl
Ampère's law Physics André-Marie Ampère
Archie's law Geology Gus Archie
Archimedes' principle Physics Archimedes
Arrhenius equation Chemical kinetics Svante Arrhenius
Asimov's laws of robotics Robotics Isaac Asimov
Avogadro's law Thermodynamics Amedeo Avogadro
Beer-Lambert law Optics August Beer, Johann Heinrich Lambert
Bernoulli's principle
Bernoulli's equation
Physical sciences Daniel Bernoulli
Biot-Savart law Electromagnetics, Fluid dynamics Jean Baptiste Biot and Felix Savart
Boltzmann equation Thermodynamics Ludwig Boltzmann
Boyle's law Thermodynamics Robert Boyle
Bradford's law Computer science Samuel C. Bradford
Buys-Ballot's law Meteorology C.H.D. Buys Ballot
Church-Turing thesis Computer science Alonzo Church and Alan Turing
Coulomb's law Physics Charles Augustin de Coulomb
Law of Charles and Gay-Lussac (frequently called Charles's Law) Thermodynamics Jacques Charles and Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac
Dalton's law of partial pressure Thermodynamics John Dalton
Darcy's Law Fluid mechanics Henry Darcy
De Morgan's law Logic Augustus De Morgan
Dermott's Law Celestial mechanics Stanley Dermott
Descartes' theorem Geometry Rene Descartes
Drake equation Cosmology Frank Drake
Einstein's General Theory of Relativity Physics Albert Einstein
Euclid's theorem Number theory Euclid
Euler's theorem Number theory Leonhard Euler
Faraday's law of induction
Faraday's law of electrolysis
Electromagnetism
Chemistry
Michael Faraday
Fermat's principle
Fermat's last theorem
Fermat's little theorem
Optics
Number theory
Number theory
Pierre de Fermat
Fick's law of diffusion Thermodynamics Adolf Fick
Fitts' law Ergonomics Paul Fitts
Fourier's law Thermodynamics Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier
Gauss' law Physics Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss
Gibbs free energy Thermodynamics Willard Gibbs
Gödel's incompleteness theorem Mathematics Kurt Gödel
Graham's law Thermodynamics Thomas Graham
Heisenberg's uncertainty principle Theoretical physics Werner Heisenberg
Henry's law Thermodynamics William Henry
Hess's law Thermodynamics Germain Henri Hess
Hooke's law Physics Robert Hooke
Hubble's law Cosmology Edwin Hubble
Huygens-Fresnel principle Optics Christiaan Huygens and Augustin-Jean Fresnel
Joule's law Physics James Joule
Kepler's laws of planetary motion Astrophysics Johannes Kepler
Kirchhoff's laws Thermodynamics Gustav Kirchhoff
Le Chatelier's principle Chemistry Henri Louis le Chatelier
Leibniz's law Ontology Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
Metcalfe's law Network theory Robert Metcalfe
Minkowski's theorem Number theory Hermann Minkowski
Moore's law Computing Gordon Moore
Nash embedding theorem Topology John Forbes Nash
Nernst equation Electrochemistry Walther Nernst
Newton's law of cooling
Newton's law of gravitation
Newton's laws of motion
Thermodynamics
Astrophysics
Mechanics
Isaac Newton
Noether's theorem Theoretical physics Emmy Noether
Occam's Razor Philosophy of science William of Ockham
Ohm's law Electronics Georg Ohm
Pascal's law
Pascal's theorem
Physics
Geometry
Blaise Pascal
Pareto distribution
Pareto efficiency
Pareto index
Pareto principle
Economics Vilfredo Pareto
Pauli exclusion principle Quantum mechanics Wolfgang Pauli
Peano axioms Foundational mathematics Giuseppe Peano
Planck's law of black body radiation Electromagnetism Max Planck
Poiseuille's law Fluidics Jean Louis Marie Poiseuille
Ptolemy's theorem Geometry Ptolemy
Pythagorean theorem Geometry Pythagoras
Raoult's law Physical chemistry Francois Marie Raoult
Riemann zeta function
Riemann hypothesis
Riemann integral
Riemann lemma
Riemannian manifold
Riemann sphere
Riemann theta function
Number theory, analysis, geometry Bernhard Riemann
Rolle's theorem Differential calculus Michel Rolle
Snell's law Optics Willebrord van Roijen Snell
Sommerfeld-Kossel displacement law Spectroscopy Arnold Sommerfeld and Walther Kossel
Stefan-Boltzmann law Thermodynamics Jožef Stefan and Ludwig Boltzmann
Stokes' law Fluid mechanics George Gabriel Stokes
Titius-Bode law Astrophysics Johann Daniel Titius and Johann Elert Bode
Wien's law Physics Wilhelm Wien
Zipf's law Linguistics George Kingsley Zipf

In real analysis, Abels theorem for power series relates a limit of a power series to the sum of its coefficients. ... Niels Henrik Abel (August 5, 1802–April 6, 1829), Norwegian mathematician, was born in Nedstrand, near Finnøy where his father acted as rector. ... The speedup of a program using multiple processors in parallel computing is limited by the sequential fraction of the program. ... Gene Myron Amdahl (born November 16, 1922) is an American computer architect and hi-tech entrepreneur of Norwegian descent, chiefly known for his work on mainframe computers at International Business Machines (IBM) and later his own companies. ... An electric current produces a magnetic field. ... André-Marie Ampère (January 20, 1775 – June 10, 1836), was a French physicist who is generally credited as one of the main discoverers of electromagnetism. ... In petrophysics Archies law relates the in-situ electrical conductivity of sedimentary rock to its porosity and brine saturation: Ct = Cw Φm Swn Here, Φ denotes the porosity, Ct the electrical conductivity of the fluid saturated rock, Cw represents the electrical conductivity of the brine, m is the cementation exponent... In physics, buoyancy is an upward force on an object immersed in a fluid (i. ... Archimedes (Greek: ; c. ... The Arrhenius equation is a simple, but remarkably accurate, formula for the temperature dependence of a chemical reaction rate. ... Svante August Arrhenius Svante August Arrhenius (February 19, 1859 – October 2, 1927) was a Swedish chemist and one of the founders of the science of physical chemistry. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article may require cleanup. ... Dr. Isaac Asimov (c. ... In 1811 Amedeo Avogadro stated the hypothesis which we now call Avogadros law: (See: this site for an English translation of his 1811 paper). ... Portrait of Amedeo Avogadro Lorenzo Romano Amedeo Carlo Avogadro, Count of Quaregna and Cerreto (August 9, 1776–July 9, 1856) was an Italian chemist, most noted for his contributions to the theory of molarity and molecular weight. ... In optics, the Beer-Lambert law, also known as Beers law or the Lambert-Beer law or the Beer-Lambert-Bouguer law is an empirical relationship that relates the absorption of light to the properties of the material through which the light is travelling. ... August Beer (July 31, 1825 - November 18, 1863), German mathematician, chemist, physicist. ... Johann Heinrich Lambert Johann Heinrich Lambert (August 26, 1728 – September 25, 1777), was a mathematician, physicist and astronomer. ... Bernoullis Principle states that in an ideal fluid (low speed air is a good approximation), with no work being performed on the fluid, an increase in velocity occurs simultaneously with decrease in pressure or gravitational energy. ... In fluid dynamics, Bernoullis equation, derived by Daniel Bernoulli, describes the behavior of a fluid moving along a streamline. ... Daniel Bernoulli Daniel Bernoulli (Groningen, January 29, 1700 – Basel, March 17, 1782) was a Dutch-born mathematician who spent much of his life in Basel, Switzerland. ... The Biot-Savart law is a physical law with applications in both electromagnetics and fluid dynamics. ... Jean-Baptiste Biot Jean-Baptiste Biot (April 21, 1774, Paris – February 3, 1862, Paris) was a French physicist and mathematician who in the early 1800s studied the relationship between electrical current and magnetism (see Biot-Savart Law), as well as the polarisation of light passing through chemical solutions. ... This page is a candidate for speedy deletion. ... The Boltzmann equation describes the statistical distribution of particles in a fluid. ... Ludwig Eduard Boltzmann (Vienna, Austrian Empire, February 20, 1844 – Duino near Trieste, September 5, 1906) was an Austrian physicist famous for his founding contributions in the fields of statistical mechanics and statistical thermodynamics. ... Boyles law (sometimes referred to as the Boyle Mariotte law), one of the gas laws, states that the product of the pressure and volume of a fixed quantity of ideal gas, when held at a fixed temperature, is a constant. ... Robert Boyle Robert Boyle (January 25, 1627 – December 30, 1691) was an Irish natural philosopher, chemist, physicist, inventor and early gentleman scientist, noted for his work in physics and chemistry. ... Bradfords law is a pattern first described by Samuel C. Bradford in 1934 that estimates the exponentially diminishing returns of extending a library search. ... C.H.D. Buys Ballot Buys-Ballots law, in meteorology, is the name given to a law which may be expressed as follows: In the Northern Hemisphere, stand with your back to the wind; the low pressure area will be on your left. ... C.H.D. Buys Ballot Christophorus Henricus Diedericus Buys Ballot (also Christoph Heinrich Diedrich Buys Ballot) (October 10, 1817-February 3, 1890) Dutch chemist and meteorologist after whom Buys-Ballots law and the Buys Ballot table are called. ... In computability theory the Church-Turing thesis, Churchs thesis, Churchs conjecture or Turings thesis, named after Alonzo Church and Alan Turing, is a hypothesis about the nature of mechanical calculation devices, such as electronic computers. ... Alonzo Church (June 14, 1903 – August 11, 1995) was an American mathematician and logician who was responsible for some of the foundations of theoretical computer science. ... Alan Mathison Turing, OBE (June 23, 1912 – June 7, 1954), was an English mathematician, logician, and cryptographer. ... Coulombs torsion balance In physics, Coulombs law is an inverse-square law indicating the magnitude and direction of electrostatic force that one stationary, electrically charged object of small dimensions (ideally, a point source) exerts on another. ... Portrait of Coulomb Charles Augustin Coulomb (June 14, 1736—August 23, 1806) was a French physicist. ... The Law of Charles and Gay-Lussac (frequently called simply Charles Law) is one of the gas laws, and relates the volume and temperature of an ideal gas held at a constant pressure. ... Jacques Alexandre César Charles, 1820. ... Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac. ... In chemistry and physics, Daltons law (also called Daltons law of partial pressures) states that the total pressure exerted by a gaseous mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of each individual component in a gas mixture. ... John Dalton John Dalton (September 6, 1766 – July 27, 1844) was an English chemist and physicist, born at Eaglesfield, near Cockermouth in Cumberland. ... Darcys Law is a phenomologically derived constitutive equation that describes the flow of a fluid through a porous medium (typically water through an aquifer). ... Henry Philibert Gaspard Darcy (June 10, 1803 - January 3, 1858), was a French scientist who made several important contributions to hydraulics. ... In logic, De Morgans laws (or De Morgans theorem) are the two rules of propositional logic, boolean algebra and set theory not (P and Q) = (not P) or (not Q) not (P or Q) = (not P) and (not Q) which allow us to move a negation over a... Augustus De Morgan (June 27, 1806 – March 18, 1871) was an Indian-born British mathematician and logician. ... Dermotts Law is an empirical formula for the sidereal period of major satellites orbiting planets in the solar system. ... In geometry, Descartes theorem, named after René Descartes, establishes a relationship between four kissing, or mutually tangent, circles. ... René Descartes René Descartes (IPA: , March 31, 1596 – February 11, 1650), also known as Cartesius, worked as a philosopher and mathematician. ... The Drake equation (also known as the Green Bank equation or the Sagan equation) is a famous result in the speculative fields of xenobiology, astrosociobiology and the search for extraterrestrial intelligence. ... Professor Frank Drake Frank Drake (born May 28, 1930, Chicago, Illinois) is an American astronomer and astrophysicist. ... General relativity (GR) is the geometrical theory of gravitation published by Albert Einstein in 1915/16. ... Albert Einstein ( ) (March 14, 1879 – April 18, 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist who is widely considered one of the greatest physicists of all time. ... Euclids Theorem is generally a reference to the theorem (often credited to Euclid) which demonstrates the existence of an infinite number of prime numbers. ... Euclid, is also referred to as Euclid of Alexandria, (Greek: , 330 BC – 275 BC), a Greek mathematician, who lived in the city of Alexandria, Egypt, almost certainly during the reign of Ptolemy I (323–283 BC), is often considered to be the father of geometry. His most popular work, Elements... In number theory, Eulers theorem (also known as the Fermat-Euler theorem or Eulers totient theorem) states that if n is a positive integer and a is coprime to n, then aφ(n) ≡ 1 (mod n) where φ(n) is Eulers totient function and mod denotes the congruence... Euler redirects here. ... Faradays law of induction (more generally, the law of electromagnetic induction) states that the induced emf (electromotive force) in a closed loop equals the negative of the time rate of change of magnetic flux through the loop. ... Faradays law of electrolysis predicts the mass of material that will be deposited at an electrode during electrolysis. ... Michael Faraday, FRS (September 22, 1791 – August 25, 1867) was an English chemist and physicist (or natural philosopher, in the terminology of that time) who contributed significantly to the fields of electromagnetism and electrochemistry. ... Fermats principle assures that the angles given by Snells law always reflect lights quickest path between P and Q. Fermats principle in optics states: This principle was first stated by Pierre de Fermat. ... Pierre de Fermat Problem II.8 in the Arithmetica of Diophantus, annotated with Fermats comment which became Fermats Last Theorem (edition of 1670). ... Fermats little theorem (not to be confused with Fermats last theorem) states that if p is a prime number, then for any integer a, This means that if you start with a number, initialized to 1, and repeatedly multiply, for a total of p multiplications, that number by... Pierre de Fermat Pierre de Fermat (August 17, 1604 – January 12, 1668) is aFrench lawyer at the Parlement of Toulouse, southern France, and a mathematician who is given credit for the development of modern calculus. ... Ficks laws of diffusion describe diffusion, and define the diffusion coefficient D. // Ficks laws of diffusion were derived by Adolf Fick in the year 1855. ... Adolf Eugen Fick (1829-1901) was a German physiologist and inventor. ... In ergonomics, Fitts law is a model of human movement, predicting the time required to rapidly move from a starting position to a final target area, as a function of the distance to the target and the size of the target. ... Paul M. Fitts (1912 – 1965) was a psychologist at Ohio State University (later at the University of Michigan). ... Heat flow along perfectly insulated wire Heat conduction is the transmission of heat across matter. ... Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier (March 21, 1768 - May 16, 1830) was a French mathematician and physicist who is best known for initiating the investigation of Fourier series and their application to problems of heat flow. ... In physics, Gausss law gives the relation between the electric flux flowing out a closed surface and the charge enclosed in the surface. ... Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss (Gauß) (April 30, 1777 - February 23, 1855) was a legendary German mathematician, astronomer and physicist with a very wide range of contributions; he is considered to be one of the greatest mathematicians of all time. ... In thermodynamics, the Gibbs free energy is a thermodynamic potential which measures the useful work obtainable from a closed thermodynamic system at a constant temperature and pressure. ... Josiah Willard Gibbs (February 11, 1839 – April 28, 1903) was an American mathematical physicist who contributed much of the theoretical foundation that led to the development of chemical thermodynamics and was one of the founders of vector analysis. ... In mathematical logic, Gödels incompleteness theorems are two celebrated theorems proven by Kurt Gödel in 1931. ... Kurt Gödel (IPA: ) (April 28, 1906 Brno, then Austria-Hungary, now Czech Republic – January 14, 1978 Princeton, New Jersey) was an Austrian logician, mathematician, and philosopher of mathematics One of the most significant logicians of all time, Gödels work has had immense impact upon scientific and philosophical... Grahams law, also known as Grahams law of effusion, was formulated by Scottish physical chemist, Thomluyfkuyfj,gfhuas Graham. ... Thomas Graham (December 21, 1805 – September 16, 1869) was born in Glasgow, Scotland. ... In quantum physics, the Heisenberg uncertainty principle is a mathematical limit on the accuracy with which it is possible to measure everything there is to know about a physical system. ... Werner Karl Heisenberg (December 5, 1901 – February 1, 1976) was a celebrated German physicist and Nobel laureate, one of the founders of quantum mechanics, and acknowledged to be one of the most important physicists of the twentieth century. ... In chemistry, Henrys law is one of the gas laws, formulated by William Henry. ... William Henry William Henry (December 12, 1775—September 2, 1836) was an English chemist. ... A visual representation of the law in action. ... Germain Henri Hess (August 7, 1802–November 30, 1850) was a Swiss chemist and doctor who formulated Hesss Law, an early principle of thermochemistry. ... Hookes law accurately models the physical properties of common mechanical springs at small extensions. ... Robert Hooke, FRS (July 18, 1635 – March 3, 1703) was an English polymath who played an important role in the scientific revolution, through both experimental and theoretical work. ... Hubbles law is the statement in physical cosmology that the redshift in light coming from distant galaxies is proportional to their distance. ... Edwin Hubble Edwin Powell Hubble (November 20, 1889 – September 28, 1953) was an American astronomer, noted for his discovery of galaxies beyond the Milky Way and the cosmological redshift. ... Wave Refraction in the manner of Huygens. ... Christiaan Huygens Christiaan Huygens (pronounced in English (IPA): ; in Dutch: )(April 14, 1629–July 8, 1695), was a Dutch mathematician, astronomer and physicist; born in The Hague as the son of Constantijn Huygens. ... Augustin Fresnel Augustin-Jean Fresnel (pronounced [] in AmE (or fray-NELL), [] in French) (May 10, 1788 – July 14, 1827), was a French physicist who contributed significantly to the establishment of the theory of wave optics. ... Joules law (also known as Joule effect) is a physical law expressing the relationship between the heat generated by the current flowing through a conductor. ... James Prescott Joule (December 24, 1818–October 11, 1889) was an English physicist, born in Salford, near Manchester. ... Johannes Keplers primary contributions to astronomy/astrophysics were his three laws of planetary motion. ... Johannes Kepler (December 27, 1571 – November 15, 1630) was a German Lutheran mathematician, astronomer and astrologer, and a key figure in the 17th century astronomical revolution. ... There are two Kirchhoffs laws, both named after Gustav Robert Kirchhoff: Kirchhoffs circuit laws Kirchhoffs law of thermal radiation See also Scientific laws named after people This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title. ... Gustav Kirchhoff Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (March 12, 1824 – October 17, 1887), a German physicist who contributed to the fundamental understanding of electrical circuits, spectroscopy, and the emission of black-body radiation by heated objects. ... In chemistry, Le Chateliers principle can be used to predict the effect of a change in conditions on a chemical equilibrium. ... Henri Louis Le Chatelier (Paris, October 8, 1850 - Miribel-les-Echelles September 17, 1936) was an influential French chemist of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. ... The identity of indiscernibles, also known as Leibnizs Law, is an ontological principle first forumlated by German philosopher Göttfried Wilhelm Leibniz. ... Gottfried Leibniz Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz (July 1, 1646 in Leipzig - November 14, 1716 in Hannover) was a German philosopher, scientist, mathematician, diplomat, librarian, and lawyer of Sorb descent. ... Metcalfes law states that the value of a telecommunications network is proportional to the square of the number of users of the system (n2). ... Robert Metcalfe (born 1946 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American technology pioneer who invented Ethernet, founded 3Com and formulated Metcalfes Law. ... In mathematics, Minkowskis theorem in the geometry of numbers applies to convex symmetric sets and lattices; it relates the number of contained lattice points to the volume of such a set. ... Hermann Minkowski. ... Growth of transistor counts for Intel processors (dots) and Moores Law (upper line=18 months; lower line=24 months) Moores Law is the empirical observation made in 1965 that the number of transistors on an integrated circuit for minimum component cost doubles every 24 months. ... Gordon Moore This article is about the co-founder of Intel and coiner of what became Moores law. ... The Nash embedding theorems (or imbedding theorems), named after John Forbes Nash, state that every Riemannian manifold can be isometrically embedded in a Euclidean space Rn. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... In electrochemistry, the Nernst equation gives the electrode potential (E), relative to the standard electrode potential, (E0), of the electrode couple or, equivalently, of the half cells of a battery. ... Walther Nernst. ... Heat flow along perfectly insulated wire Conduction is the transfer of heat or electric current from one substance to another by direct contact. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Gravity. ... Newtons First and Second laws, in Latin, from the original 1687 edition of the Principia Mathematica. ... Sir Isaac Newton, (4 January 1643 – 31 March 1727) [ OS: 25 December 1642 – 20 March 1727][1] was an English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, alchemist, and natural philosopher, regarded by many as the greatest figure in the history of science. ... Noethers theorem is a central result in theoretical physics that shows that a conservation law can be derived from any continuous symmetry. ... Amalie Emmy Noether [1] (March 23, 1882 – April 14, 1935) was a German-born mathematician, said by Einstein in eulogy to be [i]n the judgment of the most competent living mathematicians, [...] the most significant creative mathematical genius thus far produced since the higher education of women began. ... William of Ockham Occams razor (also spelled Ockhams razor) is a principle attributed to the 14th-century English logician and Franciscan friar William of Ockham. ... William of Ockham William of Ockham (also Occam or any of several other spellings) (c. ... Ohms law states that, in an electrical circuit, the current passing through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference applied across them provided all physical conditions are kept constant. ... Georg Simon Ohm, (March 16, 1789 Erlangen, Germany - July 6, 1854, Munich) a German physicist, was born in Erlangen and educated at the university there. ... In the physical sciences, Pascals law or Pascals principle states that the fluid pressure at all points in a connected body of an incompressible fluid at rest, which are at the same absolute height, are the same, even if additional pressure is applied on the fluid at some... In projective geometry, Pascals theorem states that if a hexagon is inscribed in any circle and opposite pairs of sides are extended until they meet. ... Blaise Pascal (pronounced ), (June 19, 1623–August 19, 1662) was a French mathematician, physicist, and religious philosopher. ... The Pareto distribution, named after the Italian economist Vilfredo Pareto, is a power law probability distribution found in a large number of real-world situations. ... Pareto efficiency, or Pareto optimality, is an important notion in neoclassical economics with broad applications in game theory, engineering and the social sciences. ... In economics the Pareto index is a measure of the breadth of income distribution. ... The Pareto principle (also known as the 80-20 rule, the law of the vital few and the principle of factor sparsity) states that for many phenomena, 80% of the consequences stem from 20% of the causes. ... Please wikify (format) this article as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... The Pauli exclusion principle is a quantum mechanical principle formulated by Wolfgang Pauli in 1925. ... This article is about Austrian-Swiss physicist Wolfgang Pauli. ... In mathematics, the Peano axioms (or Peano postulates) are a set of second-order axioms proposed by Giuseppe Peano which determine the theory of arithmetic. ... Giuseppe Peano Giuseppe Peano (August 27, 1858 – April 20, 1932) was an Italian mathematician and philosopher best known for his contributions to set theory. ... Black body spectrum In physics, Plancks law of black body radiation predicts the spectral intensity of electromagnetic radiation at all wavelengths from a black body at temperature  : where the following table provides the definition and SI units of measure for each symbol: The wavelength is related to the frequency... Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck (April 23, 1858 – October 4, 1947) was a German physicist. ... The Poiseuilles law (or the Hagen-Poiseuille law also named after Gotthilf Heinrich Ludwig Hagen (1797-1884) for his experiments in 1839) is the physical law concerning the voluminal laminar stationary flow ΦV of incompressible uniform viscous liquid (so called Newtonian fluid) through a cylindrical tube with the constant... Jean Louis Marie Poiseuille pwäz-wÄ“ (April 22, 1799 - December 26, 1869) was a French physician and physiologist. ... In mathematics, Ptolemys theorem is a relation in Euclidean geometry between the four sides and two diagonals or chords of a quadrilateral inscribed in circle. ... A medieval artists rendition of Claudius Ptolemaeus Claudius Ptolemaeus (Greek: ; c. ... In mathematics, the Pythagorean theorem or Pythagoras theorem is a relation in Euclidean geometry among the three sides of a right triangle. ... Pythagoras of Samos (Greek: ; circa 582 BC – circa 507 BC) was an Ionian (Greek) mathematician, astronomer, scientist and philosopher, founder of the mathematical, mystic, religious, and scientific society called Pythagoreans. ... In chemistry, Raoults law states that the vapor pressure of mixed liquids is dependent on the vapor pressures of the individual liquids and the molar vulgar fraction of each present in solution. ... François-Marie Raoult (May 10, 1830 - 1901) was a French chemist. ... In mathematics, the Riemann zeta-function, named after Bernhard Riemann, is a function of significant importance in number theory, because of its relation to the distribution of prime numbers. ... Unsolved problems in mathematics: Is the real part of a non-trivial zero of the Riemann zeta function always ½? In mathematics, the Riemann hypothesis (also called the Riemann zeta-hypothesis), first formulated by Bernhard Riemann in 1859, is one of the most famous unsolved problems. ... If you are having difficulty understanding this article, you might wish to learn more about algebra, functions, and mathematical limits. ... The Riemann-Lebesgue lemma states that the integral of a function like the above is small. ... In Riemannian geometry, a Riemannian manifold is a real differentiable manifold in which each tangent space is equipped with an inner product in a manner which varies smoothly from point to point. ... A rendering of the Riemann Sphere. ... In mathematics, theta functions are special functions of several complex variables. ... Bernhard Riemann. ... In calculus, Rolles theorem states that if a function f is continuous on a closed interval and differentiable on the open interval , and then there is some number c in the open interval such that . Intuitively, this means that if a smooth curve is equal at two points then... Michel Rolle (April 21, 1652 - November 8, 1719) was a French mathematician. ... Refraction of light at the interface between two media of different refractive indices, with n2 > n1. ... Willebrord Snell. ... The Sommerfeld-Kossel displacement law is: The first spark (singly ionized) spectrum of an element is similar in all details to the arc (neutral) spectrum of the element preceding it in the periodic table. ... Arnold Johannes Wilhelm Sommerfeld (December 5, 1868 in Königsberg, East Prussia – April 26, 1951 in Munich, Germany) was a German physicist who introduced the fine-structure constant in 1919. ... Walther Ludwig Julius Kossel (January 4, 1888 in Berlin, Germany – 22 May 1956 in Tübingen, Germany) was a German physicist known for his theory of the chemical bond (ionic bond/octet rule), Sommerfeld-Kossel displacement law of atomic spectra, the Kossel-Stranski model for crystal growth, and the Kossel... The Stefan-Boltzmann law, also known as Stefans law, states that the total energy radiated per unit surface area of a black body in unit time (known variously as the black-body irradiance, energy flux density, radiant flux, or the emissive power), j*, is directly proportional to the fourth... Joseph Stefan (Slovene Jožef Stefan) (March 24, 1835 – January 7, 1893) was a Slovene physicist, mathematician and poet. ... Ludwig Eduard Boltzmann (Vienna, Austrian Empire, February 20, 1844 – Duino near Trieste, September 5, 1906) was an Austrian physicist famous for his founding contributions in the fields of statistical mechanics and statistical thermodynamics. ... In 1851, George Gabriel Stokes derived an expression for the frictional force exerted on spherical objects with very small Reynolds numbers (e. ... Sir George Gabriel Stokes, 1st Baronet (13 August 1819–1 February 1903) was an Irish mathematician and physicist, who at Cambridge made important contributions to fluid dynamics (including the Navier-Stokes equations), optics, and mathematical physics (including Stokes theorem). ... The Titius-Bode law (or Bodes law) is the observation that orbits of planets in the solar system closely follow a simple geometric rule. ... Johann Daniel Titius. ... Johann Elert Bode Johann Elert Bode (January 19, 1747 – November 23, 1826) was a German astronomer known for his contribution to the Titius-Bode law and his works to determine the orbit of Uranus, for which he also suggested the name. ... Wiens displacement law is a law of physics that states that there is an inverse relationship between the wavelength of the peak of the emission of a black body and its temperature. ... Wilhelm Carl Werner Otto Fritz Franz Wien (January 13, 1864 – August 30, 1928) was a German physicist who, in 1893, used theories about heat and electromagnetism to compose Wiens displacement law, which relates the maximum emission of a blackbody to its temperature. ... Originally, Zipfs law stated that, in a corpus of natural language utterances, the frequency of any word is roughly inversely proportional to its rank in the frequency table. ... George Kingsley Zipf (IPA ), (1902-1950), was an American linguist and philologist who studied statistical occurrences in different languages. ...

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Science (3874 words)
A physical law or law of nature is a scientific generalization based on a sufficiently large number of empirical observations that it is taken as fully verified.
Isaac Newton's Newtonian law of gravitation is a famous example of an established law that was later found not to be universal - it does not hold in experiments involving motion at speeds close to the speed of light or in close proximity of strong gravitational fields.
Scientific AmeriKen: Delving into all the sciences for the purpose of gathering statistics and knowledge for the benefit of mankind.
List of laws - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography (224 words)
These are often adages or predictions with the appellation 'Law', although they do not apply in the legal sense, cannot be scientifically tested, or are intended only as rough descriptions (rather than applying in each case).
These 'laws' are sometimes called rules of thumb.
See List of scientific laws for falsifiable laws that said to apply universally and literally.
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