In mathematics, particularly in set theory, a model is some concrete realization of a set of axioms (in a sense this is the opposite of the previous definiton). See model theory.
In science, technology, and leisure for models as physical representations see model (physical). Similitude (model) is testing criteria of a model to insure that results are applicable to the real thing.
In Engineering, a solid model may refer to 3D CAD represention, see Solid modelling.
A scale model is a replica or prototype of an object built either for research or as a hobby, usually built smaller than the existing or intended thing, though can equally be built larger to illustrate something that would otherwise be hard to see.
In neuro-linguistic programming (NLP) modelling refers to the systematic unpacking and sequencing of the conscious and unconscious processes. See modeling (NLP).
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Scientificmodelling is the process of generating abstract or conceptual models.
This may be due to differing requirements of the model's end users or to conceptual or esthetic differences by the modellers and decisions made during the modelling process.
Esthetic considerations that may influence the structure of a model might be the modeller's preference for a reduced ontology, preferences regarding probabilistic models vis-a-vis deterministic ones, discrete vs continuous time etc. For this reason users of a model need to understand the model's original purpose and the assumptions of its validity.
One reason that a model is always simpler than the actual phenomenon observed is that scientifictheories, laws and models are in fact simplifications and generalizations of the patterns observed in nature.
In this case, once your model for the cause of a rainbow is acceptable, you will be able to use it to tell someone the conditions of the sky and where to stand and in what orientation in order to see a rainbow.
The foundations of scientific inquiry in the physical sciences rest on developing the skills to pose a scientific question, to develop, to test and to apply a scientificmodel that adequately accounts for the observed phenomena.
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