This is a list of scientific phenomena and concepts named after people (eponymous phenomena). For other lists of eponyms, see eponym. A phenomenon (plural: phenomena) is an observable event, especially something special (literally something that can be seen from the Greek word phainomenon = observable). ... An eponym is the name of a person, whether real or fictitious, who has (or is thought to have) given rise to the name of a particular place, tribe, discovery, or other item. ...

A

• Abney effect, Abney's law of additivity — William de Wiveleslie Abney
• Abrikosov lattice — Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov
• Aharonov-Bohm effect — Yakir Aharonov and David Bohm
• Albert effect — ? Albert
• Alfvén number (a.k.a. Kármán number, magnetic Mach number) — Hannes Olof Gösta Alfvén
• Alfvén speed, wave — Hannes Olof Gösta Alfvén
• Allais effect — Maurice Allais
• Allee effect — Warder Clyde Allee
• Allinger's force field — Norman Allinger
• Ampère's law — André-Marie Ampère
• Anderson-Higgs mechanism (a.k.a. Higgs mechanism) — Peter Higgs and Philip Warren Anderson
• Anderson-Darling test — Theodore W. Anderson, Jr. and Donald A. Darling
• Andreev reflection — Alexander F. Andreev
• Apgar score — Virginia Apgar
• Arago phenomenon (a.k.a. Rotatory magnetism) — Arago spot — Dominique François Jean Arago
• Archimedean spiral, Archimedes number — Archimedes
• Argand diagram — Jean Robert Argand
• Argunov-Cassegrain telescope — P. P. Argunov and Laurent Cassegrain
• Aristotle's lantern — Aristotle
• Armstrong oscillator — Edwin Armstrong
• Arndt-Schulz principle/law/rule — Rudolf Arndt and Hugo Paul Friedrich Schulz
• Arrhenius number, equation — Svante August Arrhenius
• Ashkin-Teller model (a.k.a. Potts model) — Julius Ashkin and Edward Teller
• Auger effect, Auger electron — Pierre Victor Auger
• Autler-Townes effect (a.k.a. Dynamical Stark splitting) — Stanley H. Autler and Charles H. Townes
• Avogadro's law, number — Count Lorenzo Romano Amedeo Carlo Avogadro di Quaregna e Cerreto

The Abney Effect is one of many documented phenomena related to color perception. ... William de Wiveleslie Abney (1843 - 1920) was an English astronomer and photographer. ... Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov (Russian: ) (born June 25, 1928, in Moscow, Russian SFSR, USSR) is a Soviet/Russian theoretical physicist whose main contributions are in the field of condensed matter physics. ... The Aharonov-Bohm effect, sometimes called the Ehrenberg-Siday-Aharonov-Bohm effect, is a quantum mechanical phenomenon by which a charged particle is affected by electromagnetic fields in regions from which the particle is excluded. ... Professor Yakir Aharonov BSc PhD is a physicist specialising in Quantum Physics and holds a joint professorship at Tel Aviv University, Israel and the University of South Carolina, America. ... David Bohm. ... Hannes Olof Gösta Alfvén (May 30, 1908; Norrköping, Sweden - April 2, 1995; Djursholm, Sweden) was a Swedish electrical power engineer. ... A cluster of double layers forming in an Alfvén wave, about a sixth of the distance from the left. ... Hannes Olof Gösta Alfvén (May 30, 1908; Norrköping, Sweden - April 2, 1995; Djursholm, Sweden) was a Swedish electrical power engineer. ... Allaiss paraconical pendulum Photo taken during the French 1999 eclipse The Allais effect is a claimed anomalous precession of the plane of oscillation of a pendulum during a solar eclipse. ... Maurice Allais (born May 31, 1911) was the 1988 winner of The Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel for his pioneering contributions to the theory of markets and efficient utilization of resources. ... The Allee effect is a phenomenon in biology named after W. C. Allee, who first wrote extensively on it. ... Warder Clyde Allee (June 5, 1885 - March 18, 1955) was an American zoologist and ecologist who taught animal ecology at the University of Chicago. ... Norman Lou Allinger is an American computational chemist and Distinguished Research Professor Emeritus of Chemistry at the University of Georgia (UGA) in Athens, Georgia Professor Allinger received his B.S. from the University of California, Berkeley, in 1951 and his Ph. ... An electric current produces a magnetic field. ... André-Marie Ampère (January 20, 1775 – June 10, 1836), was a French physicist who is generally credited as one of the main discoverers of electromagnetism. ... The Higgs mechanism or Anderson-Higgs mechanism, originally proposed by the British physicist Peter Higgs based on a suggestion by Philip Anderson, is the mechanism that gives mass to all elementary particles in particle physics. ... The Higgs mechanism or Anderson-Higgs mechanism, originally proposed by the British physicist Peter Higgs based on a suggestion by Philip Anderson, is the mechanism that gives mass to all elementary particles in particle physics. ... Peter Ware Higgs (born May 29, 1929), FRSE, FRS, until recently held a personal chair in theoretical physics at the University of Edinburgh and is now an emeritus professor. ... Philip Warren Anderson (born December 13, 1923) is one of the most influential theoretical physicists of the 20th century. ... The Anderson-Darling test assesses whether known data come from a specified distribution. ... An electron (red) meeting the interface between a normal conductor (N) and a superconductor (S) produces a Cooper pair in the superconductor and a retroreflected hole (green) in the normal conductor. ... The Apgar score was devised in 1952 by Virginia Apgar as a simple and repeatable method to quickly and summarily assess the health of newborn children immediately after childbirth. ... Dr. Virginia Apgar (June 7, 1909 - August 7, 1974) specialised in anesthesia and childbirth. ... In optics, an Arago spot is a bright point which appears at the center of the shadow of a circular object in light from a point source. ... François Jean Dominique Arago (February 26, 1786 – October 2, 1853) was a French mathematician, physicist, astronomer, and politician. ... An Archimedean spiral is a curve which in polar coordinates (r, θ) can be described by the equation with real numbers a and b. ... An Archimedes number, named after the ancient Greek scientist Archimedes, to determine the motion of fluids due to density differences, is a dimensionless number in the form where: g = gravitational acceleration (9. ... Archimedes (Greek: c. ... The complex numbers are an extension of the real numbers, in which all non-constant polynomials have roots. ... Jean-Robert Argand (July 18, 1768 - August 13, 1822) was a non-professional mathematician. ... The Argunov Cassegrain telescope is a telescope design first introduced in 1972 by P.P. Argunov. ... Light path in a Cassegrain reflector Laurent Cassegrain was a Catholic priest born in the region of Chartres around 1629 and died at Chaudon (Eure-et-Loir) on August 31, 1693. ... A highly complex internal apparatus used for feeding, and is only present in some sea urchins. ... Aristotle (Greek: AristotélÄ“s) (384 BC – March 7, 322 BC) was a Greek philosopher, a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. ... The Armstrong Oscillator is named for Edwin Armstrong, its inventor. ... Edwin Howard Armstrong (December 18, 1890 – January 31, 1954) was an American electrical engineer and inventor. ... Arndt-Schulz rule or Schulz law is a law (named after Hugo Paul Friedrich Schulz and Rudolf Arndt) concerning the effects of pharmaca or poisons in low, respectively strong concentrations. ... Rudolf Arndt is a German psychiatrist, born March 31, 1835, Bialken, administrative and governmental district of Marienwerder; died January 1900. ... Hugo Paul Friedrich Schulz (August 6, 1853 - July 13, 1932) was a German pharmacologist from Wesel am Niederrhein. ... The Arrhenius equation is a simple, but remarkably accurate, formula for the temperature dependence of a chemical reaction rate, more correctly, of a rate coefficient, as this coefficient includes all magnitudes that affect reaction rate except for concentration. ... Svante August Arrhenius (February 19, 1859 – October 2, 1927) was a Swedish chemist and one of the founders of the science of physical chemistry. ... In statistical mechanics, the Potts model, a generalization of the Ising model, is a model of interacting spins on a crystalline lattice. ... In statistical mechanics, the Potts model, a generalization of the Ising model, is a model of interacting spins on a crystalline lattice. ... Edward Teller (original Hungarian name Teller Ede) (January 15, 1908 – September 9, 2003) was a Jewish Hungarian-American theoretical physicist, known colloquially as the father of the hydrogen bomb. ... The Auger effect is a phenomenon in physics in which two electrons are emitted from an atom. ... Auger emission (pronounced ) is a phenomenon in physics in which the emission of an electron from an atom causes the emission of a second electron. ... Pierre Victor Auger (May 14, 1899 - December 25, 1993) was a French physicist, born in Paris. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Charles Hard Townes (born July 28, American physicist and educator. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Avogadros number, also called Avogadros constant (NA), named after Amedeo Avogadro, is formally defined to be the number of carbon-12 atoms in 12 grams (0. ... Portrait of Amedeo Avogadro Lorenzo Romano Amedeo Carlo Avogadro, Count of Quaregna and Cerreto (August 9, 1776–July 9, 1856) was an Italian chemist, most noted for his contributions to the theory of molarity and molecular weight. ...

B

• Bagnold number — Ralph Alger Bagnold
• Baily's beads — Francis Baily
• Baker-Nathan effect — John William Baker and Wilfred S. Nathan
• Bakerian mimicry — Herbert G. Baker
• Balmer line, series — Johann Jakob Balmer
• Bárány chair — Robert Bárány
• Barber-Johnson diagram (a.k.a. Barber-Johnson-Yates scattergram) — ?
• Barkhausen effect — Heinrich Barkhausen
• Barnett effect — Samuel Jackson Barnett
• Barnum effect (a.k.a. Forer effect) — Phineas Taylor Barnum (and Bertram R. Forer)
• Barro-Ricardo equivalence — Robert Barro and David Ricardo
• Baskerville effect — the fictional Charles Baskerville of the novel The Hound of the Baskervilles
• Batesian mimicry — Henry Walter Bates
• Båth's law — Markus Båth
• Bayes' theorem — Rev. Thomas Bayes
• Bayliss effect — William M. Bayliss
• BCS superconduction theory — John Bardeen, Leon Cooper, and Robert Schrieffer
• Beaufort scale (Beaufort wind force scale) — Sir Francis Beaufort
• Becquerel effect — Henri Becquerel
• Beer's law (a.k.a. Beer-Lambert law or Beer-Lambert-Bouguer law) — August Beer (and Johann Heinrich Lambert and Pierre Bouguer)
• Bejan number — Adrian Bejan
• Bekenstein's Bound — Jakob Bekenstein
• Bell's inequality — John Stewart Bell
• Bell number — Eric Temple Bell
• Belousov-Zhabotinskii reaction — Boris Pavlovich Belousov and Anatol Markovich Zhabotinskii
• Bénard cell — Henri Bénard
• Bénard-Marangoni cell/convection (a.k.a. Marangoni convection) — Henri Bénard and Carlo Marangoni
• Benedicks effect — Manson Benedicks
• Benford's law — Frank Albert Benford, Jr.
• Benioff zone — see Wadati-Benioff zone, below
• Berezinsky-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition (a.k.a. Kosterlitz-Thouless transition) — Veniamin L. Berezinsky, John M. Kosterlitz, and David J. Thouless
• Bergmann's rule — Christian Bergmann
• Bernoulli effect, Bernoulli's equation, Bernoulli's principle — Daniel Bernoulli
• Berry's phase — Michael V. Berry
• Betz limit — Albert Betz
• Bezold-Brücke effect (a.k.a. von Bezold spreading effect) — Johann Friedrich Wilhelm von Bezold and Ernst Wilhelm von Brücke
• Biefeld-Brown effect — Paul Alfred Biefeld and Thomas Townsend Brown
• Bingham number — Eugene C. Bingham
• Biot number — Jean-Baptiste Biot
• Biot-Savart law — Jean-Baptiste Biot and Félix Savart
• Birge-Hopfield bands — see Lyman-Birge-Hopfield bands, below
• Birman-Williams theorem — Joan Sylvia Lyttle Birman and Robert F. Williams
• Black's law (a. k. a. Black's equation) for electromigration — James R. Black (d. 2004) of Motorola
• Blake number — ? Blake
• Blazhko effect — Sergei Blazhko
• Bloch wave — Felix Bloch
• Bodenstein number — probably Max Bodenstein (1871 — 1942)
• Bohr effect — Christian Bohr
• Bohr magneton, model, radius — Neils Bohr
• Boltzmann constant — Ludwig Boltzmann
• Boltzmann number (a.k.a. Thring number) — Ludwig Boltzmann (or ? Thring)
• Bond number — ? Bond
• Bormuth index — John R. Bormuth
• Born-Haber cycle — Max Born and Fritz Haber
• Born-Oppenheimer approximation — Max Born and Robert Oppenheimer
• Borrmann effect (a.k.a. Borrmann-Campbell effect) — Gerhard Borrman (and H. N. Campbell)
• Bose-Einstein condensate, effect, statistics — Satyendra Nath Bose and Albert Einstein
• Boson — Satyendra Nath Bose
• Boussinesq number — Joseph Boussinesq
• Boyle's law (a.k.a. Boyle-Mariotte law) — Robert Boyle (and Edme Mariotte)
• Brackett line, series — Frederick Sumner Brackett
• Bragg angle, Bragg's law, Bragg plane — William Henry Bragg and his son William Lawrence Bragg
• Bragg diffraction — William Lawrence Bragg
• Brans-Dicke theory — Carl H. Brans and Robert H. Dicke
• Braun-Blanquet method — Josias Braun-Blanquet
• Bravais lattice — Auguste Bravais
• Bravais-Miller indices (a.k.a. Miller-Bravais indices) — Auguste Bravais and William Hallowes Miller
• Brayton cycle — George B. Brayton
• Brewster's angle, Brewster's law — David Brewster
• Brillouin-Mandel'shtam effect — see Mandel'shtam-Brillouin scattering, below
• Brillouin zone — Léon Brillouin
• Brinkman layer, number — Hendrik C. Brinkman
• Brinkman-Forchheimer equations — Hendrik C. Brinkman and Philipp Forchheimer
• Brownian motion — Robert Brown
• Brownell-Katz number — Lloyd E. Brownell and Donald L. Katz
• Buckingham theorem (a.k.a. Vaschy-Buckingham theorem) — Edgar Buckingham (and Aimé Vaschy)
• Bulygen number — ? Bulygen
• Burali-Forti paradox — Cesare Burali-Forti
• Butcher-Oemler effect — Harvey Raymond Butcher and Augustus Oemler, Jr.

The Bagnold number, named after Ralph Alger Bagnold, used in granular flow calculations, is defined by where is the mass, is the grain diameter, is the surface tension and is the interstitial fluid viscosity. ... Ralph Alger Bagnold, FRS, (April 3, 1896 – May 28, 1990) was the founder and first commander of the British Armys Long Range Desert Group during World War II. He is also generally considered to have been a pioneer of desert exploration, an acclaim earned for his activities during the... As the moon grazes by the Sun during the eclipse, the rugged lunar limb topography allows beads of sunlight to shine through. ... Francis Baily (April 28, 1774 – August 30, 1844), English astronomer, was born at Newbury, Berkshire. ... A drone fly exhibits Batesian mimicry by resembling a honey bee A mimic is any species that has evolved to appear similar to another successful species or to the environment in order to dupe predators into avoiding the mimic, or dupe prey into approaching the mimic[1]. A mimic generally... A Balmer line is a hydrogen spectral line. ... Two of the balmer lines (α and β) are clearly visible in this emission spectrum of a deuterium lamp. ... Johann Jakob Balmer (May 1, 1825 – March 12, 1898) was a Swiss mathematician. ... The Bárány chair, named for the Austrian phyiologist Robert Bárány, is a device used for aerospace physiology training, particularly for student pilots. ... Robert Bárány Robert Bárány (April 22, 1876 – April 8, 1936) was an Austrian physician of Hungarian-Jewish descent. ... The Barkhausen effect is name given to static in the magnetic output of a ferromagnet when the magnetizing force applied to it is changed. ... Barkhausen is also a locality in Detmold, see Detmold-Barkhausen Heinrich Georg Barkhausen (December 2, 1881 - February 20, 1956), born at Bremen was a German physicist. ... The Barnett effect is the spontaneous magnetization of a ferromagnetic body when spun on its axis. ... The Forer effect (also called the Barnum effect after P.T. Barnum) is an effect based on self-validation of personality descriptions, where an individual gives a high rating to a positive description that supposedly applies specifically to himself. ... The Forer effect (also called personal validation fallacy or the Barnum effect after P.T. Barnum) is the observation that individuals will give high accuracy ratings to descriptions of their personality that supposedly are tailored specifically for them, but are in fact vague and general enough to apply to a... Phineas Taylor Barnum (July 5, 1810 – April 7, 1891), American showman who is best remembered for his entertaining hoaxes and for founding the circus that eventually became Ringling Brothers and Barnum and Bailey Circus. ... Bertram R. Forer (24 October 1914—6 April 2000) was an American psychologist best known for describing the Forer effect, also known as subjective validation. ... Ricardian equivalence, (also known as Barro-Ricardo equivalence proposition or Ricardian rent), is an economic theory which suggests that government budget deficits do not affect the total level of demand in an economy. ... Robert Barro Robert Barro (born 1944) is an influential macroeconomist and the Wesley Clair Mitchell Professor of Economics at Columbia University. ... David Ricardo (April 18, 1772 – September 11, 1823), a political economist, is often credited with systematising economics, and was one of the most influential of the classical economists, along with Thomas Malthus, and Adam Smith. ... The Baskerville effect, or the Hound of the Baskervilles effect is a statistical observation that mortality through heart attacks is increased by psychological stress. ... The Hound of the Baskervilles is a crime novel by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, originally serialised in the Strand Magazine in 1901 and 1902, which is set largely on Dartmoor 1889. ... For other uses, see Mimic (disambiguation). ... Henry Walter Bates (February 8, 1825 - February 16, 1892) was an English naturalist and explorer. ... Bayes theorem (also known as Bayes rule or Bayes law) is a result in probability theory, which relates the conditional and marginal probability distributions of random variables. ... Thomas Bayes (c. ... Sir William M. Bayliss Sir William Maddock Bayliss (May 2, 1860 - August 27, 1924) was an English physiologist. ... BCS theory (named for its creators, Bardeen, Cooper, and Schrieffer) explains conventional superconductivity, the ability of certain metals at low temperatures to conduct electricity without electrical resistance. ... John Bardeen (May 23, 1908 – January 30, 1991) was an American physicist and electrical engineer. ... Leon N Cooper (born February 28, 1930) is an American physicist and winner of the 1972 Nobel Prize for Physics, along with John Bardeen and John Robert Schrieffer, for his role in developing the BCS theory (named for their initials) of superconductivity, work he did in his 20s. ... John Robert Schrieffer (born May 31, 1931) is an American physicist and winner, with John Bardeen and Leon Neil Cooper, of the 1972 Nobel Prize for Physics for developing the BCS theory (for their initials), the first successful microscopic theory of superconductivity. ... ... Sir Francis Beaufort (May 7, 1774 - December 17, 1857) was a British naval officer and hydrographer and was born in Ireland. ... Antoine Henri Becquerel (December 15, 1852 – August 25, 1908) was a French physicist, Nobel laureate, and one of the discoverers of radioactivity. ... In optics, the Beer-Lambert law, also known as Beers law or the Beer-Lambert-Bouguer law is an empirical relationship in relating the absorption of light to the properties of the material the light is travelling through. ... In optics, the Beer-Lambert law, also known as Beers law or the Lambert-Beer law or the Beer-Lambert-Bouguer law is an empirical relationship that relates the absorption of light to the properties of the material through which the light is traveling. ... In optics, the Beer-Lambert law, also known as Beers law or the Lambert-Beer law or the Beer-Lambert-Bouguer law is an empirical relationship that relates the absorption of light to the properties of the material through which the light is traveling. ... August Beer (July 31, 1825 - November 18, 1863), German mathematician, chemist, physicist. ... Johann Heinrich Lambert Johann Heinrich Lambert (August 26, 1728 – September 25, 1777), was a mathematician, physicist and astronomer. ... Pierre Bouguer (February 16, 1698 – August 15, 1758) was a French mathematician. ... There are two Bejan numbers (Be) in use, named after Duke University professor Adrian Bejan in two scientific domains: thermodynamics and fluid mechanics. ... Adrian Bejan (born September 24, 1948), Ph. ... Bells theorem is the most famous legacy of the late John Bell. ... This article or section is not written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article. ... The Bell numbers, named in honor of Eric Temple Bell, are a sequence of integers arising in combinatorics that begins thus (sequence A000110 in OEIS): In general, Bn is the number of partitions of a set of size n. ... Eric Temple Bell (1883 - 1960) was a mathematician born in Scotland who lived in the USA from 1903 until his death. ... A Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction, or BZ reaction, is one of a class of reactions that result in the establishment of a nonlinear chemical oscillator. ... Boris Pavlovich Belousov (1893 - 1970) was a Soviet chemist / biophysicist who discovered the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction (BZ reaction) in the early 50s. ... Bénard cells are convection cells that appear spontaneously in a liquid layer when heat is applied from below. ... Bénard cells are convection cells that appear spontaneously in a liquid layer when heat is applied from below. ... A crude and approximate statement of Benfords law, also called the first-digit law, is that in lists of numbers from many real-life sources of data, the leading digit is 1 almost one-third of the time, and further, larger numbers occur as the leading digit with less... Frank Albert Benford, Jr. ... A Benioff zone (also Benioff-Wadati zone or Wadati-Benioff zone) is a deep active seismic area in a subduction zone. ... Subduction zones mark sites of convective downwelling of the Earths lithosphere. ... The Kosterlitz-Thouless transition is a special transition seen in the the XY model for interacting spin systems. ... The Kosterlitz-Thouless transition is a special transition seen in the the XY model for interacting spin systems. ... David J. Thouless (born in 1934 in Bearsden, Scotland) is a condensed matter physicist and Wolf Prize winner. ... The large size of a polar bear allows it to radiate less heat in a cold climate. ... Karl Georg Lucas Christian Bergmann (18 May 1814–30 April 1865) was a German anatomist, physiologist and biologist who developed the Bergmanns rule. ... Bernoullis principle states that in fluid flow, an increase in velocity happens simultaneously with decrease in Dutch/Swiss mathematician/scientist Daniel Bernoulli, though it was previously understood by Leonhard Euler and others. ... In fluid dynamics, Bernoullis equation, derived by Daniel Bernoulli, describes the behavior of a fluid moving along a streamline. ... Bernoullis Principle states that in an ideal fluid (low speed air is a good approximation), with no work being performed on the fluid, an increase in velocity occurs simultaneously with decrease in pressure or gravitational energy. ... Daniel Bernoulli Daniel Bernoulli (Groningen, February 8, 1700 – Basel, March 17, 1782) was a Dutch-born mathematician who spent much of his life in Basel, Switzerland. ... Michael Berry is also the name of a writer. ... Albert Betz (25 December 1885 - 16 April 1968) was a German Engineer and a pioneer of wind energy technology. ... The Bezold-Brücke shift is a change in hue perception as intensity changes. ... Ernst Wilhelm Ritter von Brücke (b. ... The Biefeld-Brown effect is an effect that was discovered by Thomas Townsend Brown (USA) and Dr. Paul Alfred Biefeld (CH). ... Dr. Paul Alfred Biefeld (? - 1940) was a Swiss scientist, who emigrated to the United States of America. ... Thomas Townsend Brown (March 18, 1905 – October 22, 1985) was an American physicist. ... The Biot number (Bi) is a dimensionless number used in unsteady-state (or transient) heat transfer calculations. ... Categories: People stubs | 1774 births | 1862 deaths | French physicists | French mathematicians | Members of the Acad mie fran aise ... The Biot-Savart law is a physical law with applications in both electromagnetics and fluid dynamics. ... Categories: People stubs | 1774 births | 1862 deaths | French physicists | French mathematicians | Members of the Acad mie fran aise ... Félix Savart (June 30, 1791-March 16, 1841) became a professor at Collège de France in 1836 and was the co-originator of the Biot-Savart Law, along with Jean-Baptiste Biot. ... Blacks Equation is a mathematical model for the median time between failure of a semiconductor circuit due to electromigration: a phenomenon of molecular rearrangement (movement) in the solid phase caused by an electromagnetic field. ... Electromigration is the transport of material caused by the gradual movement of the ions in a conductor due to the momentum transfer between conducting electrons and diffusing metal atoms. ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Motorola (NYSE: MOT) is an American multinational communications company based in Schaumburg, Illinois, a Chicago suburb. ... A Bloch wave or Bloch state is the wavefunction of a particle (usually, an electron) placed in a periodic potential. ... Felix Bloch (October 23, 1905 – September 10, 1983) was a Swiss physicist, working mainly in the USA. // A stamp from Guyana commemorating Felix Bloch. ... The Bohr effect is an adaption in animals to reduce the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen as a response to an increase in blood carbon dioxide levels and a decrease in pH. It was first described by the Danish physiologist Christian Bohr in 1904. ... Christian Bohr (1855-1911) is the father of the famous Danish physicist Niels Bohr, as well as the famous mathematican Harald Bohr. ... In atomic physics, the Bohr magneton (symbol ) is named after the physicist Niels Bohr. ... The Bohr model of the hydrogen atom, where negatively charged electrons confined to atomic shells encircle a small positively charged atomic nucleus, and that an electron jump between orbits must be accompanied by an emitted or absorbed amount of electromagnetic energy hν. The orbits that the electrons travel in are... In the Bohr model of the structure of an atom, put forward by Niels Bohr in 1913, electrons orbit a central nucleus. ... Niels Bohr Niels Henrik David Bohr (October 7, 1885 – November 18, 1962) was a Danish physicist who made essential contributions to understanding atomic structure and quantum mechanics. ... Ludwig Boltzmann The Boltzmann constant (k or kB) is the physical constant relating temperature to energy. ... Ludwig Eduard Boltzmann (Vienna, Austrian Empire, February 20, 1844 – Duino near Trieste, September 5, 1906) was an Austrian physicist famous for his founding contributions in the fields of statistical mechanics and statistical thermodynamics. ... Ludwig Eduard Boltzmann (Vienna, Austrian Empire, February 20, 1844 – Duino near Trieste, September 5, 1906) was an Austrian physicist famous for his founding contributions in the fields of statistical mechanics and statistical thermodynamics. ... In fluid mechanics, the Bond number expresses the ratio of gravitational forces to surface tension forces: where is the density, the acceleration due to gravity, a representative length scale (typically the radius of a drop), and the strength of the surface tension. ... It has been suggested that Born haber be merged into this article or section. ... Max Born (December 11, 1882 in Breslau – January 5, 1970 in Göttingen) was a mathematician and physicist. ... Fritz Haber in 1918. ... The Born-Oppenheimer approximation, also known as the adiabatic approximation, is a technique used in quantum chemistry and condensed matter physics in order to de-couple the motion of nuclei and electrons (i. ... Max Born (December 11, 1882 in Breslau – January 5, 1970 in Göttingen) was a mathematician and physicist. ... J. Robert Oppenheimer, the father of the atomic bomb served as the first director of Los Alamos National Laboratory, beginning in 1943. ... A Bose–Einstein condensate is a phase of matter formed by bosons cooled to temperatures very near to absolute zero (0 kelvins or -273. ... In statistical mechanics, Bose-Einstein statistics determines the statistical distribution of identical indistinguishable bosons over the energy states in thermal equilibrium. ... Satyendra Nath Bose on an Indian stamp Satyendra Nath Bose /sɐθ.jin. ... Albert Einstein( ) (March 14, 1879 – April 18, 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist who is widely considered to have been one of the greatest physicists of all time. ... In particle physics, bosons, named after Satyendra Nath Bose, are particles having integer spin. ... Satyendra Nath Bose on an Indian stamp Satyendra Nath Bose /sɐθ.jin. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Valentin Joseph Boussinesq. ... Boyles law (sometimes referred to as the Boyle Mariotte law) is one of the gas laws. ... Boyles law (also known as the Boyle Mariotte law) is one of the gas laws, and relates the volume and pressure of an ideal gas held at a constant temperature. ... Robert Boyle Robert Boyle (25 January 1627 – 30 December 1691) was an Anglo-Irish natural philosopher, chemist, physicist, inventor, and early gentleman scientist, noted for his work in physics and chemistry. ... Edme Mariotte (c. ... In atomic physics, the Brackett series is one of several series of spectral lines produced by hydrogen. ... The Brackett series is a series of absorption or emission lines that are due to electron transitions between the fourth and higher energy levels of the hydrogen atom. ... Frederick Sumner Brackett (August 1, 1896 – ?), American physicist and spectroscopist. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Bragg diffraction. ... In physics, Braggs law is the result of experiments into the diffraction of X-rays or neutrons off crystal surfaces at certain angles, derived by physicists Sir W.H. Bragg and his son Sir W.L. Bragg in 1912, and first presented on 1912-11-11 to the Cambridge... The Bragg formulation of X-ray diffraction (also referred to as Bragg diffraction) was first proposed by William Lawrence Bragg and William Henry Bragg in 1913 in response to their discovery that crystalline solids produced surprising patterns of reflected X-rays (in contrast to that of, say, a liquid). ... Sir William Henry Bragg OM, Cantab, OKW (Westward, Cumbria, England July 2, 1862 – March 10, 1942) was an English physicist and chemist, educated at King Williams College, Isle of Man, and Trinity College, Cambridge. ... Sir William Lawrence Bragg CH, FRS, (31 March 1890 – 1 July 1971) was an Australian physicist who shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1915 with his father Sir William Henry Bragg. ... The Bragg formulation of X-ray diffraction (also referred to as Bragg diffraction) was first proposed by William Lawrence Bragg and William Henry Bragg in 1913 in response to their discovery that crystalline solids produced surprising patterns of reflected X-rays (in contrast to that of, say, a liquid). ... Sir William Lawrence Bragg CH, FRS, (31 March 1890 – 1 July 1971) was an Australian physicist who shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1915 with his father Sir William Henry Bragg. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Carl H. Brans is a physicist on the faculty of Loyola University. ... Robert Henry Dicke (May 6, 1916 – March 4, 1997) was an American experimental physicist, who made important contributions to the fields of astrophysics, atomic physics, cosmology and gravity. ... In geometry and crystallography, a Bravais lattice, named after Auguste Bravais, is an infinite set of points generated by a set of discrete translation operations. ... Auguste Bravais (c. ... Examples of directions Miller indices are a notation used to describe lattice planes and directions in a crystal. ... Examples of directions Miller indices are a notation used to describe lattice planes and directions in a crystal. ... Auguste Bravais (c. ... William Hallowes Miller (April 6, 1801 - May 20, 1880), British mineralogist and crystallographer, was born at Velindre near Llandovery, Carmarthenshire. ... The Brayton cycle is a cyclic process generally associated with the gas turbine. ... An illustration of the polarization of light which is incident on an interface at Brewsters angle. ... An illustration of the polarization of light which is incident on an interface at Brewsters angle. ... David Brewster Sir David Brewster, (December 11, 1781 – February 10, 1868) was a Scottish scientist. ... In mathematics and solid state physics, the first Brillouin zone is the primitive cell in the reciprocal lattice in momentum space. ... Léon N. Brillouin (August 7, 1889-1969) was a French physicist. ... The Brinkman Number is a dimensionless group related to heat conduction from a wall to a flowing viscous fluid, commonly used in polymer processing. ... Three different views of Brownian motion, with 32 steps, 256 steps, and 2048 steps denoted by progressively lighter colors. ... Robert Brown (1773–1858) Robert Brown (December 21, 1773–June 10, 1858) is acknowledged as the leading British botanist to collect in Australia during the first half of the 19th century. ... Edgar Buckingham (1867–1940) was educated at Harvard and Leipzig, and worked at the (US) National Bureau of Standards (now the National Institute of Standards and Technology, or NIST) 1905--1937. ... In set theory, a field of mathematics, the Burali-Forti paradox demonstrates that naïvely constructing the set of all ordinal numbers leads to a contradiction and therefore shows an antinomy in a system that allows its construction. ... Cesare Burali-Forti (13 August 1861 - 21 January 1931) was an Italian mathematician. ...

C

• Cabannes-Daure effect — Jean Cabannes and Pierre Daure
• Callendar Effect — Guy Stewart Callendar
• Callier effect — André Callier
• Callippic cycle — Callippus of Cyzicus
• Calvin cycle (a.k.a. Calvin-Benson cycle) — Melvin Calvin (and Andy Benson)
• Cardan angles (a.k.a. Tait-Bryan angles) — Gerolamo Cardano
• Carnot cycle, number — Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot
• Carpenter effect (a.k.a. Ideomotor effect) — William Benjamin Carpenter
• Casimir effect — Hendrik Casimir
• Catalan's conjecture (a.k.a. Miha(ilescu's theorem), Catalan numbers — Eugène Charles Catalan
• Cauchy number (a.k.a. Hooke number) — Augustin-Louis Cauchy
• Cauer filter — Wilhelm Cauer
• Chandler wobble — Seth Carlo Chandler
• Chandrasekhar effect, limit, number — Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
• Chappuis bands (sometimes misspelled "Chappius") — J. Chappuis
• Chebyshev distance, equation, filter, linkage, polynomials — Pafnuty Lvovich Chebyshev
• Chebyshev's inequality (a.k.a. Bienaymé-Chebyshev inequality) — Pafnuty Lvovich Chebyshev (and Irénée-Jules Bienaymé)
• Cherenkov radiation (a.k.a. C(erenkov-Vavilov radiation) — Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov (and Sergey Ivanovich Vavilov)
• Christiansen cavity, effect, filter — Christian Christiansen
• Christofilos effect — Nicholas Christofilos
• Clapp oscillator — James K. Clapp
• Clarke orbit — Arthur C. Clarke
• Clausius number — Rudolf Julius Emanuel Clausius
• Clayden effect — Arthur W. Clayden
• Clifton effect — Rachel K. Clifton
• Coanda effect — Henri Coanda(
• Coase theorem — Ronald Coase
• Coke-Rothkopf index — Ester U. Coke and Ernst Z. Rothkopf
• Colburn-Chilton analogy (a.k.a. Colburn analogy) — Allan Philip Colburn and Thomas H. Chilton
• Coleman-Liau index — Meri Coleman and T. L. Liau
• Coleman-Mandula theorem — Sidney Coleman and Jeffrey Mandula
• Colpitts oscillator — Edwin H. Colpitts
• Compton effect, scattering, wavelength — Arthur Compton
• Coolidge effect — from a joke attributed to John Calvin Coolidge, Jr.
• Cooper pair — Leon Cooper
• Coriolis effect — Gaspard-Gustave Coriolis
• Cotton effect — Aimé Auguste Cotton
• Cotton-Mouton effect — Aimé Auguste Cotton and H. Mouton
• Coulomb constant, law — Charles Augustin de Coulomb
• Coulter counter, principle — Wallace Henry Coulter
• Cowling number — probably Thomas George Cowling
• Coxeter-Dynkin diagram — Harold Scott MacDonald Coxeter and Eugene Borisovich Dynkin
• Crabtree effect — Herbert Grace Crabtree
• Curie point — Pierre Curie
• Curry's paradox — Haskell Curry
• Curtin-Hammett principle — David Yarrow Curtin and Louis Plack Hammett
• Cuvierian tubules, Cuvier's organ — Georges Cuvier

Jean Cabannes (Marseille August 12, 1885 - Saint-Cyr sur mer October 31, 1959) was a French physicist specialising in optics. ... The Callendar effect is a name for the effect of combustion-produced carbon dioxide on the global climate. ... Guy Stewart Callendar (Feb 1898 - Oct 1964) was an English steam engineer and inventor, but whose main contribution to knowledge was propounding the theory that linked rising carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere to global temperature. ... Eclipses may occur repeatedly, separated by some specific interval of time: this interval is called an eclipse cycle. ... Callippus (or Calippus) (circa 370 B.C.–circa 300 B.C.) was a Greek astronomer. ... Overview of the Calvin cycle and carbon fixation The Calvin cycle (or Calvin-Benson cycle or carbon fixation) is a series of biochemical reactions that takes place in the stroma of chloroplasts in photosynthetic organisms. ... The Calvin cycle (also known as Calvin-Benson cycle) is a series of biochemical reactions taking place in the chloroplasts of photosynthetic organisms. ... Melvin Calvin he had fun in bed Melvin Calvin (April 8, 1911 – January 8, 1997) was a chemist most famed for discovering the Calvin cycle (along with Andrew Benson), for which he was awarded the 1961 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. ... The Calvin cycle (also known as Calvin-Benson cycle) is a series of biochemical reactions taking place in the chloroplasts of photosynthetic organisms. ... In geometry, Tait-Bryan angles are three angles used to describe a general rotation in three-dimensional Euclidean space by three successive rotations, once about the x-axis, once about the y-axis, and once about the z-axis. ... Gerolamo Cardano or Jerome Cardan or Girolamo Cardan (September 24, 1501 - September 21, 1576) was a celebrated Italian Renaissance mathematician, physician, astrologer, and gambler. ... The Carnot cycle is a particular thermodynamic cycle, modeled on the Carnot heat engine, studied by Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot in the 1820s and expanded upon by Benoit Paul Émile Clapeyron in the 1830s and 40s. ... Sadi Carnot Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot (June 1, 1796 - August 24, 1832) was a French mathematician and engineer who gave the first successful theoretical account of heat engines, the Carnot cycle, and laid the foundations of the second law of thermodynamics. ... The ideomotor effect involves small bodily movements that occur involuntarily and subconsciously, rather than by deliberate decision. ... William Benjamin Carpenter (October 29, 1813 - November 10, 1885) was an English physiologist and naturalist. ... In physics, the Casimir effect is a physical force exerted between separate objects, which is due to neither charge, gravity, nor the exchange of particles, but instead is due to resonance of all-pervasive energy fields in the intervening space between the objects. ... Hendrik Brugt Gerhard Casimir (July 15, 1909 – May 4, 2000) was a Dutch physicist. ... Catalans conjecture is a simple conjecture in number theory that was proposed by the mathematician Eugène Charles Catalan. ... In combinatorial mathematics, the Catalan numbers form a sequence of natural numbers that occur in various counting problems; which often have a recursive flavour. ... Eugène Charles Catalan Eugène Charles Catalan (May 30, 1814 - February 14, 1894) was a Belgian mathematician. ... Augustin Louis Cauchy Augustin Louis Cauchy (August 21, 1789 – May 23, 1857) was a French mathematician. ... An elliptic filter (also known as a Cauer filter) is an electronic filter with equalized ripple (equiripple) behavior in both the passband and the stopband. ... Wilhelm Cauer (June 24, 1900 – April 22, 1945) was a German mathematician and scientist. ... The Chandler wobble is a small variation in Earths axis of rotation, discovered by American astronomer Seth Carlo Chandler in 1891. ... Seth Carlo Chandler, Jr. ... The Chandrasekhar limit, is the maximum mass possible for a white dwarf (one of the end stages of stars when they cool down) and is approximately 3 × 1030 kg, around 1. ... The Chandrasekhar number is a dimensionless quantity used in magnetoconvection to represent ratio of the Lorentz force to the viscous force. ... Chandrasekhar redirects here. ... In a plane, the Chebyshev distance between the point P1 with coordinates (x1, y1) and the point P2 at (x2, y2) is This concept is named after Pafnuty Chebyshev. ... Chebyshev filters, are analog or digital filters having a steeper roll-off and more passband ripple than Butterworth filters. ... The Chebyshev linkage is a four bar mechanism that converts rotational motion to approximate straight-line motion. ... In mathematics the Chebyshev polynomials, named after Pafnuty Chebyshev, are a sequence of orthogonal polynomials which are related to de Moivres formula and which are easily defined recursively, like Fibonacci or Lucas numbers. ... Pafnuty Lvovich Chebyshev Pafnuty Lvovich Chebyshev (Пафнутий Львович Чебышёв) (May 4, 1821 - November 26, 1894) was a Russian mathematician. ... In probability theory, Chebyshevs inequality (also known as Tchebysheffs inequality, Chebyshevs theorem, or the Bienaymé-Chebyshev inequality), named after Pafnuty Chebyshev, who first proved it, states that in any data sample or probability distribution, nearly all the values are close to the mean value, and provides a... In probability theory, Chebyshevs inequality (also known as Tchebysheffs inequality, Chebyshevs theorem, or the Bienaymé-Chebyshev inequality), named after Pafnuty Chebyshev, who first proved it, states that in any data sample or probability distribution, nearly all the values are close to the mean value, and provides a... Pafnuty Lvovich Chebyshev Pafnuty Lvovich Chebyshev (Пафнутий Львович Чебышёв) (May 4, 1821 - November 26, 1894) was a Russian mathematician. ... Cherenkov radiation glowing in the core of a TRIGA reactor Cherenkov radiation (also spelled Cerenkov or sometimes ÄŒerenkov) is electromagnetic radiation emitted when a charged particle passes through an insulator at a speed greater than the speed of light in that medium. ... Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov (Russian Павел Алексеевич Черенков) (July 28, 1904 - January 6, 1990) was a Soviet physicist and Nobel Prize winner. ... Sergey Ivanovich Vavilov (Russian Сергей Иванович Вавилов) (March 12, 1891–January 25, 1951) was a Soviet physicist, the President of the USSR Academy of Sciences from July 1945 until his death, and the brother of Nikolai Vavilov. ... Named after the Danish physicist Christian Christiansen the effect of this filter is based on the various dispersions of two different media. ... The Christiansen filter (named after Danish physicist Christian Christiansen) is a narrow bandpass or monochromatic optical filter based upon a coarse transparent powder immersed in a transparent liquid. ... Christian Christiansen (born October 9, 1843 in Loenborg, Denmark, died 1917) was a Danish physicist. ... The Christofilos Effect refers to the entrapment of charged particles along the magnetic lines of force. ... Nicholas Constantine Christofilos (Νικόλαος Χριστοφίλου) (December 16, 1916 - September 24, 1972) was a Greek-American physicist. ... The Clapp oscillator is one of several types of electronic oscillator constructed from a transistor (or vacuum tube) and a positive feedback network. ... A geostationary orbit (abbreviated GEO) is a circular orbit in the Earths equatorial plane, any point on which revolves about the Earth in the same direction and with the same period as the Earths rotation. ... Sir Arthur Charles Clarke (born December 16, 1917) is a British science-fiction author and inventor, most famous for his novel 2001: A Space Odyssey, and for collaborating with director Stanley Kubrick on the film of the same name. ... Rudolf Clausius - physicist and mathematician Rudolf Julius Emanuel Clausius (January 2, 1822 – August 24, 1888), was a German physicist and mathematician. ... The Coanda effect is the tendency of a stream of fluid to stay attached to a convex surface, rather than follow a straight line in its original direction. ... In law and economics, the Coase theorem, attributed to Ronald Coase, relates to the economic efficiency of a governments allocation of property rights. ... Ronald Coase (born December 29, 1910) is a British economist. ... The Coleman-Liau Index is a readability test designed to guage the understandability of a text. ... In theoretical physics, the Coleman-Mandula theorem, named after Sidney Coleman and Jeffrey Mandula, is a no-go theorem that states that the only conserved quantities except for the generators of the Poincare group in a remotely realistic theory must always be Lorentz scalars. ... Sidney Coleman at Harvard University Sidney Coleman is an eminent theoretical physicist. ... Jeffrey Mandula is a physicist well-known for the Coleman-Mandula theorem. ... A Colpitts oscillator, named after its inventor Edwin H. Colpitts, is one of a number of designs for electronic oscillator circuits. ... Western Electric research branch chief in early 1900s. ... In quantum mechanics, the Compton effect, observed by Arthur Compton in 1923, is the increase in wavelength which occurs when X-ray photons with energies of around 0. ... In physics, Compton scattering or the Compton effect, is the decrease in energy (increase in wavelength) of an X-ray or gamma ray photon, when it interacts with matter. ... The Compton wavelength of a particle is given by , where is the Planck constant, is the particles mass and is the speed of light. ... Arthur Holly Compton (September 10, 1892 – March 15, 1962) won the Nobel Prize in Physics (1927) for discovery of the Compton effect named in his honor. ... In biology, the term Coolidge effect describes the re-arousal of a male animal by the introduction of a new female. ... John Calvin Coolidge, Jr. ... BCS theory successfully explains conventional superconductivity, the ability of certain metals at low temperatures to conduct electricity without resistance. ... Leon N Cooper (born February 28, 1930) is an American physicist and winner of the 1972 Nobel Prize for Physics, along with John Bardeen and John Robert Schrieffer, for his role in developing the BCS theory (named for their initials) of superconductivity, work he did in his 20s. ... In the inertial frame of reference (upper part of the picture), the black object moves in a straight line. ... Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis or Gustave Coriolis (May 21, 1792–September 19, 1843), mathematician, mechanical engineer and scientist born in Paris, France. ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... In physics, Coulombs law is an inverse-square law indicating the magnitude and direction of electrostatic force that one stationary, electrically charged object of small dimensions (ideally, a point source) exerts on another. ... Coulombs torsion balance In physics, Coulombs law is an inverse-square law indicating the magnitude and direction of electrostatic force that one stationary, electrically charged object of small dimensions (ideally, a point source) exerts on another. ... Portrait of Coulomb Charles Augustin Coulomb (June 14, 1736—August 23, 1806) was a French physicist. ... An apparatus for counting particles. ... The Coulter principle states that particles pulled through an orifice, concurrent with an electrical current, produce a change in impedance that is proportional to the size of the particle traversing the orifice. ... Thomas George Cowling (June 17, 1906 – June 16, 1990) was a British astronomer. ... Coxeter groups in the plane with equivalent diagrams. ... H.S.M. Coxeter. ... Eugene Borisovich Dynkin (born May 11, 1924) is a Russian mathematician. ... Named after the English biochemist Herbert Grace Crabtree, the Crabtree effect describes the phenomenon whereby the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, produces ethanol (alcohol) aerobically in the presence of high external glucose concentrations rather than producing biomass via the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the usual process occurring aerobically in most yeasts eg. ... The Curie point is a term in physics and materials science, named after Pierre Curie (1859-1906), and refers to a characteristic property of a ferromagnetic material. ... // Pierre Curie (Paris, France, May 15, 1859 – April 19, 1906, Paris) was a French physicist, a pioneer in crystallography, magnetism, piezoelectricity and radioactivity. ... Currys paradox is a paradox that occurs in naive set theory or naive logics, and allows the derivation of an arbitrary sentence from a self-referring sentence and some apparently innocuous logical deduction rules. ... Haskell Brooks Curry (September 12, 1900, Millis, Massachusetts - September 1, 1982, State College, Pennsylvania) was an American mathematician and logician. ... In chemical kinetics, the Curtin-Hammett principle states that, for a reaction that has a pair of reactive intermediates or reactants that interconvert rapidly (as is usually the case for conformers), each going to a different product, the product ratio will depend only on the difference in the free energy... Louis Plack Hammett (April 7, 1894 - February 9, 1987) is mostly known for the Hammett equation, an expression deployed in Physical chemistry empirically linking free energy differences with certain functional groups and certain classes of organic reactions. ... Georges Cuvier Baron Georges Léopold Chrétien Frédéric Dagobert Cuvier (August 23, 1769–May 13, 1832) was a French naturalist and zoologist. ...

D

• Dale-Chall index — Edgar Dale and Jeanne S. Chall
• Dalton's law (of partial pressures) — John Dalton
• Darlington pair — Sidney Darlington
• Darwin point — Charles Darwin
• de Broglie wavelength — Louis de Broglie
• de Bruijn sequences — Nicolaas Govert de Bruijn
• de Haas-Van Alphen effect — Wander Johannes de Haas and P. M. van Alphen
• de Haas-Shubnikov effect (a.k.a. Shubnikov-De Haas effect) — Wander Johannes de Haas and Lev Vasiljevich Shubnikov
• Deborah number – the prophetess Deborah (Bible, Judges 5:5)
• Debye effect, model — Peter Joseph William Debye
• Debye-Falkenhagen effect — Peter Joseph William Debye and Hans Falkenhagen
• Richard Dedekind has many topics named after him; see biography article.
• Delbrück scattering — Max Ludwig Henning Delbrück
• Dellinger effect (a.k.a. Mögel-Dellinger effect) — John Howard Dellinger (and Hans Mögel)
• Destriau effect — Georges Destriau
• deVries effect — Hessel deVries
• Diophantine equation — Diophantus of Alexandria
• Dirac comb, constant, equation, delta function, measure — Paul Dirac
• Johann Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet has dozens of formulas named after him.
• Divisia index — François Divisia
• Dollo's law — Louis Dollo
• Donnan effect (a.k.a. Gibbs-Donnan effect) — see Gibbs-Donnan effect, below
• Doppler effect (a.k.a. Doppler-Fizeau effect), Doppler profile — Christian Doppler (and Hippolyte Fizeau)
• Drake equation ((a.k.a. Sagan equation, Green Bank equation) — Frank Drake (or Carl Sagan or Green Bank, West Virginia, home to the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO))
• Droste effect — Dutch chocolate maker Droste
• Drude model — Paul Drude
• Duff's device — Tom Duff
• Duffing equation, map — ? Duffing
• Dulong-Petit law — Pierre Louis Dulong and Alexis Thérèse Petit
• Dunitz angle — Jack David Dunitz
• Durfee polynomial, square — William H. Durfee

Edgar Dale (1900-) US educationist who developed the famous [Cone of Experience] theory. ... In chemistry and physics, Daltons law (also called Daltons law of partial pressures) states that the total pressure exerted by a gaseous mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of each individual component in a gas mixture. ... John Dalton John Dalton (September 6, 1766 – July 27, 1844) was an English chemist and physicist, born at Eaglesfield, near Cockermouth in Cumberland. ... This is two transistors connected together so that the current amplified by the first is amplified further by the second transistor. ... Sidney Darlington (July 18, 1906 - October 31, 1997) was a famous electrical engineer who invented the transistor-configuration named after him, the Darlington transistor. ... Fanning Atoll (Tabuaeran) is a typical, small to moderate-sized atoll located in the central Pacific Ocean. ... For other people of the same surname, and places and things named after Charles Darwin, see Darwin. ... The wavelength is the distance between repeating units of a wave pattern. ... Louis-Victor-Pierre-Raymond, 7th duc de Broglie, generally known as Louis de Broglie (August 15, 1892–March 19, 1987), was a French physicist and Nobel Prize laureate. ... // Definition In combinatorics, a -ary de Bruijn sequence of order , , is a cyclic sequence from a given alphabet of size , for which every possible subsequence of length in is present exactly once. ... A Dutch mathematician, especially noted for the invention of the de Bruijn Sequence. External links About the de Bruijn sequence ... Wander Johannes de Haas (1878 – 1960) was a Dutch physicist. ... // An oscillation in the conductivity of a material that occurs at low temperatures in the presence of very intense, time varying magnetic fields, the Shubnikov-de Haas effect is a macroscopic manifestation of the inherent quantum mechanical nature of matter. ... // An oscillation in the conductivity of a material that occurs at low temperatures in the presence of very intense, time varying magnetic fields, the Shubnikov-de Haas effect is a macroscopic manifestation of the inherent quantum mechanical nature of matter. ... Wander Johannes de Haas (1878 – 1960) was a Dutch physicist. ... Lev Shubnikov Lev Vasilyevich Shubnikov (Russian: ; Ukrainian: ) (September 9, 1901— November 10, 1937) was a Russian physicist and experimenter who worked in Russia, Holland and Ukraine. ... The Deborah number is a dimensionless number, used in rheology to characterize how fluid a material is. ... For information on the nurse of Rebeccah, mentioned in Genesis, see Deborah (Genesis) Deborah or Dvora (Hebrew: ‎ Bee, Standard Hebrew DÉ™vora, Tiberian Hebrew Dəḇôrāh) was a prophetess and the fourth Judge and only female Judge of pre-monarchic Israel in the Old Testament (Tanakh). ... In thermodynamics and solid state physics, the Debye model is a method developed by Peter Debye in 1912 for estimating the phonon contribution to the specific heat (heat capacity) in a solid. ... Petrus Josephus Wilhelmus Debije (March 24, 1884 – November 2, 1966) was a Dutch physical chemist. ... This article does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Petrus Josephus Wilhelmus Debije (March 24, 1884 – November 2, 1966) was a Dutch physical chemist. ... Richard Dedekind Julius Wilhelm Richard Dedekind (October 6, 1831 – February 12, 1916) was a German mathematician who did important work in abstract algebra and the foundations of the real numbers. ... Max Delbrück in the early 1940s at Vanderbilt University. ... Dellinger effect is a fadeout of short-wave radios, caused by inceased ionization of the D region of the ionosphere due to solar flares. ... John Howard Dellinger (July 3,1886 - December 28,1962) was a Telecommunication Engineer and Vice Chairman of Institute of Radio Engineers. ... In mathematics, a Diophantine equation is a polynomial equation that only allows the variables to be integers. ... Diophantus of Alexandria (circa 200/214 - circa 284/298) was an ancient Greek mathematician. ... In mathematics, a Dirac comb is a periodic Schwartz distribution constructed from Dirac delta functions for some given period T. Some authors, notably Bracewell, refer to it as the Shah function (probably because its graph resembles the shape of the cyrillic letter sha Ш). From the orthogonality of the Fourier series... Plancks constant, denoted h, is a physical constant that is used to describe the sizes of quanta. ... In physics, the Dirac equation is a relativistic quantum mechanical wave equation formulated by British physicist Paul Dirac in 1928 and provides a description of elementary spin-½ particles, such as electrons, consistent with both the principles of quantum mechanics and the theory of special relativity. ... The Dirac delta function, often referred to as the unit impulse function and introduced by the British theoretical physicist Paul Dirac, can usually be informally thought of as a function δ(x) that has the value of infinity for x = 0, the value zero elsewhere. ... In mathematics, a Dirac measure is a measure δx on a set X that gives a given element x measure 1, so that δx({x}) = 1 and in general δx(Y) = 0 for any subset Y of X not containing x, δx(Z) = 1 for any... Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac, OM, FRS (IPA: [dɪræk]) (August 8, 1902 – October 20, 1984) was a British theoretical physicist and a founder of the field of quantum physics. ... Johann Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet (February 13, 1805 – May 5, 1859) was a German mathematician credited with the modern formal definition of a function. ... Dollos Law is a hypothesis proposed by French-born Belgian paleontologist Louis Dollo (1857-1931) in 1890 that states that evolution is not reversible. ... Louis Antoine Marie Joseph Dollo (1857-1931) was a French-born Belgian palaeontologist, known for formulating Dollos law. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Donnan equilibrium. ... The Gibbs-Donnan effect (also known as the Donnan effect, Donnan law, or Gibbs-Donnan equilibrium) is a name for the behavior of charged particles near a semi-permeable membrane to sometimes fail to distribute evenly on either side of the membrane. ... The Gibbs-Donnan effect (also known as the Donnan effect, Donnan law, or Gibbs-Donnan equilibrium) is a name for the behavior of charged particles near a semi-permeable membrane to sometimes fail to distribute evenly on either side of the membrane. ... A source of waves moving to the left. ... Sound waves emanating from an ambulance moving to the right. ... The Doppler profile is a spectral line profile which results from the thermal motion of the emitting atom or molecule. ... Christian Doppler Johann Christian Andreas Doppler (November 29, 1803 – March 17, 1853) was an Austrian mathematician and physicist, most famous for the hypothesis of what is now known as the Doppler effect which is the process of the wavelength of electromagnetic waves to be compressed and elongated when the source... Armand Hippolyte Louis Fizeau Physicist Armand Hippolyte Louis Fizeau (September 23, 1819-1896), French physicist, was born in Paris. ... The Drake equation (also known as the Green Bank equation or the Sagan equation) is a famous result in the speculative fields of xenobiology, astrosociobiology and the search for extraterrestrial intelligence. ... The Drake equation (rarely also called the Green Bank equation or the Sagan equation) is a famous result in the speculative fields of xenobiology, astrosociobiology and the search for extraterrestrial intelligence. ... The Drake equation (also known as the Green Bank equation) is a famous result in the speculative fields of xenobiology, astrosociobiology and the search for extraterrestrial intelligence. ... Professor Frank Drake Frank Drake (born May 28, 1930, Chicago, Illinois) is an American astronomer and astrophysicist. ... Insert non-formatted text here Carl Edward Sagan (November 9, 1934 – December 20, 1996) was an American astronomer and astrobiologist and a highly successful popularizer of astronomy, astrophysics, and other natural sciences. ... Green Bank is located within Pocahontas County, West Virginia (Eastern Region), inside the Allegheny Mountain Range, and can be reached via Hwy 28. ... The National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO) is an institution set up by the United States government for the purpose of radio astronomy. ... The Droste effect is a Dutch term for a specific kind of recursive picture, one that in heraldry is mise en abyme. ... The Droste effect is a Dutch term for a specific kind of recursive picture, one that in heraldry is mise en abyme. ... The Drude model of electrical conduction was developed in the 1900s by Paul Drude to explain the transport properties of electrons in materials (especially metals). ... Paul Karl Ludwig Drude (July 12, 1863–July 5, 1906) was a German physicist specializing in optics. ... In computer science, Duffs Device is an optimized implementation of a serial copy that uses a technique widely applied in assembly language for loop unwinding. ... Thomas Douglas Selkirk Duff (b. ... The Duffing equation is a non-linear second-order differential equation. ... The Duffing map is a discrete-time dynamical system. ... The Dulong-Petit law, found in 1819 by Pierre Louis Dulong and Alexis Thérèse Petit, states the classical expression for the specific heat capacity of a crystal due to its lattice vibrations. ... Pierre Louis Dulong (February 12, 1785 - July 19, 1838) was a French physicist and chemist. ... Alexis Thérèse Petit (October 2, 1791 - June 21, 1820) was a French physicist. ... Jack David Dunitz is a British scientist. ...

E

• Eagle effect — Harry Eagle
• Early effect — James M. Early
• Eberhard effect — Gustav Eberhard
• Eddington limit — Arthur Eddington
• Edgeworth-Bowley box — Francis Ysidro Edgeworth and Arthur Lyon Bowley
• Edison effect — Thomas Edison
• Edward-Lemieux effect (a.k.a. Anomeric effect) — John Thomas Edward and Raymond U. Lemieux
• Ehrenfest paradox — Paul Ehrenfest
• Ehrenfest-Tolman effect — Paul Ehrenfest(?) and Richard Chace Tolman
• Eimer's organ — Gustav Heinrich Theodor Eimer
• Einstein shift — Albert Einstein
• Einstein-de Haas effect — Albert Einstein and Wander Johannes de Haas
• Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox (a.k.a. EPR paradox, Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Bohm paradox) — Albert Einstein, Boris Podolsky, Nathan Rosen (and David Bohm)
• Ekman layer — Walfrid Ekman
• Elliott-Halberstam conjecture — Peter T. D. A. Elliott and Heini Halberstam
• Elman network — Jeff Elman
• Engel curve — Ernst Engel
• Epimenides paradox — Epimenides of Knossos
• Eshelby's inclusion — John D. Eshelby
• Ettinghausen effect — Albert von Ettinghausen
• List of topics named after Leonhard Euler — Leonhard Euler
• Evershed effect — John Evershed

Early effect voltage as seen in the output-characteristic plot of a BJT . The Early effect is the variation in the width of the base in a BJT due to a variation in the applied collector voltage. ... James M. Early (1922–2004) was an American engineer, best known for his work on transistors and charge-coupled device imagers. ... In physics, the Eddington Limit is a natural limit to the luminosity that can be radiated by spherically symmetric accretion onto a compact object, like a black hole. ... One of Sir Arthur Stanley Eddingtons papers announced Einsteins theory of general relativity to the English-speaking world. ... In economics, an Edgeworth box, named after Francis Ysidro Edgeworth, is a way of representing various distributions of resources. ... Edgeworth // Brief biography Francis Ysidro Edgeworth (February 8, 1845 - February 13, 1926) was an Irish polymath who studied at Trinity College, Dublin before obtaining a scholarship to Balliol College, Oxford where he subsequently became a professor. ... Arthur Lyon Bowley (November 6, 1869 - January 21, 1957) English statistician and economist worked on economic statistics and pioneered the use of sampling techniques in social surveys. ... Thermionic emission (archaically known as the Edison effect) is the flow of electrons from a metal or metal oxide surface, caused by thermal vibrational energy overcoming the electrostatic forces holding electrons to the surface. ... Thomas Alva Edison (February 11, 1847 – October 18, 1931) was an American inventor and businessman who developed many devices which greatly influenced life around the world. ... In organic chemistry, the anomeric effect is a stereoelectronic effect that describes the tendency of heteroatomic substituents adjacent to a heteroatom within a cyclohexane ring to prefer the axial orientation instead of the less hindered equatorial orientation that would be expected from steric considerations. ... Dr. Raymond Urgel Lemieux was a Canadian biochemist, who pioneered a number of discoveries in the field of chemistry, his first and most famous being the synthesis of sucrose. ... In relativistic physics, the Ehrenfest paradox concerns the kinematics of a rotating disk. ... Paul Ehrenfest Paul Ehrenfest (Vienna, January 18, 1880 – Amsterdam, September 25, 1933) was an Austrian physicist and mathematician, who obtained Dutch citizenship on March 24, 1922. ... Paul Ehrenfest Paul Ehrenfest (Vienna, January 18, 1880 – Amsterdam, September 25, 1933) was an Austrian physicist and mathematician, who obtained Dutch citizenship on March 24, 1922. ... ... Gustav Heinrich Theodor Eimer (1843–1898) was a German zoologist. ... For other topics related to Einstein see Einstein (disambig) In the general theory of relativity by Albert Einstein, the gravitational redshift or Einstein shift is the effect that clocks in a gravitational field tick slower when observed by a distant observer. ... Albert Einstein( ) (March 14, 1879 – April 18, 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist who is widely considered to have been one of the greatest physicists of all time. ... The Einstein-de Haas effect. ... Albert Einstein( ) (March 14, 1879 – April 18, 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist who is widely considered to have been one of the greatest physicists of all time. ... Wander Johannes de Haas (1878 – 1960) was a Dutch physicist. ... In quantum mechanics, the EPR paradox is a thought experiment which demonstrates that the result of a measurement performed on one part of a quantum system can have an instantaneous effect on the result of a measurement performed on another part, regardless of the distance separating the two parts. ... In quantum mechanics, the EPR paradox is a thought experiment which challenged long-held ideas about the relation between the observed values of physical quantities and the values that can be accounted for by a physical theory. ... In quantum mechanics, the EPR paradox is a thought experiment which challenged long-held ideas about the relation between the observed values of physical quantities and the values that can be accounted for by a physical theory. ... Albert Einstein( ) (March 14, 1879 – April 18, 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist who is widely considered to have been one of the greatest physicists of all time. ... In quantum mechanics, the EPR paradox is a thought experiment which demonstrates that the result of a measurement performed on one part of a quantum system can have an instantaneous effect on the result of a measurement performed on another part, regardless of the distance separating the two parts. ... Nathan Rosen (March 22, 1909 – December 18, 1995) was a physicist. ... David Bohm. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Ekman spiral. ... In number theory, the Elliott-Halberstam conjecture is a conjecture about the distribution of prime numbers in arithmetic progressions. ... Heini Halberstam is one of the two mathematicians after whom the Elliott-Halberstam conjecture is named. ... Jeffrey L. Elman is Distinguished Professor of Cognitive Science at the University of California, San Diego. ... In economics, an Engel curve shows how the demand for a good or service changes as the consumers income level changes. ... Ernst Engel was a 19th century German statistician and economist, famous for the Engel curve and Engels law. ... The Epimenides paradox is a problem in logic. ... Epimenides of Knossos (Crete) was a semi-mythical 6th century BC Greek seer and philosopher-poet, who is said to have fallen asleep for fifty-seven years in a Cretan cave sacred to Zeus, after which he reportedly awoke with the gift of prophecy. ... John D. Eshelby is a scientist in micromechanics, awarded by the Timoshenko Medal in 1977. ... When an electric current flows across the lines of force of a magnetic field, an electromotive force is observed which is at right angles to both the primary current and the magnetic field. ... Leonhard Euler (1707 - 1783) is the eponym of all of the topics listed below. ... Leonhard Euler (pronounced Oiler; IPA ) (April 15, 1707 – September 7, 1783) was a Swiss mathematician and physicist, who spent most of his life in Russia and Germany. ... The Evershed effect, named after the Britist astronomer John Evershed, is the radial flow of gas across the photospheric surface of the penumbra of sunspots from the inner border with the umbra towards the outer edge. ... John Evershed (1864 – 1956) was a British astronomer. ...

F

• Faà di Bruno's formula — Francesco Faà di Bruno
• Faraday constant, Faraday effect, Faraday's law of induction, Faraday's law of electrolysis — Michael Faraday
• Farr-Jenkins-Paterson index — James N. Farr, James J. Jenkins, and Donald G. Paterson
• Fermat's principle, — Pierre de Fermat
• Fermi energy, Fermi paradox, Fermi surface, Fermion — Enrico Fermi
• Fermi-Dirac statistics — Enrico Fermi and Paul Dirac
• Fermion — Enrico Fermi
• Ferrers diagram (a.k.a. Young diagram, Ferrers graph) — Norman Macleod Ferrers
• Feynman diagram — Richard Feynman
• Feynman-Kac model — Richard Feynman and Mark Kac
• Fisher distribution — Ronald A. Fisher
• Fisher equation — Irving Fisher
• Fitts' law — Paul M. Fitts
• Flesch-Kincaid Readability Test — Rudolf F. Flesch and J. Peter Kincaid
• Flynn effect — James R. Flynn
• Fog index — see Gunning Fog index, below
• Forbush effect — Scott E. Forbush
• Forer effect (a.k.a. Barnum effect) — Bertram R. Forer (and Phineas Taylor Barnum)
• Foucault effect (a.k.a. Foucault pendulum) — Jean Bernard Léon Foucault
• Fourier number — Joseph Fourier
• Franck-Condon factor, principle, transition — James Franck and Edward Uhler Condon
• Franssen effect — Nico Franssen
• Franz-Keldysh effect — Walter Franz and Leonid V. Keldysh
• Fraunhofer diffraction, lines — Joseph von Fraunhofer
• Fresnel zone — Augustin Fresnel
• Frey effect — Allan H. Frey
• Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker metric (a.k.a. Friedmann-Robertson-Walker metric, Robertson-Walker metric) — Alexander Friedmann, Georges Lemaître, Howard Percy Robertson and Arthur Geoffrey Walker
• Frobenius algebra, automorphism, method, norm, theorem — Ferdinand Georg Frobenius
• Fröhlich term — Herbert Fröhlich
• Froude number — William Froude
• Fry Readability Formula, Graph — Edward Fry
• Fujita scale (a.k.a. F-Scale, Fujita-Pearson scale) — Tetsuya Theodore Fujita (and Allen Pearson)
• Fujiwhara effect — Sakuhei Fujiwhara

// The formula Faà di Brunos formula is an identity in mathematics generalizing the chain rule to higher derivatives, named in honor of Francesco Faà di Bruno (1825–1888), who was (in chronological order) a military officer, a mathematician, and a priest, and was beatified by the Pope a century... Francesco Faà di Bruno (1825—1888) was an Italian mathematician and priest, born at Alessandria. ... I am the man. ... In physics, the Faraday effect or Faraday rotation is a magneto-optical phenomenon, or an interaction between light and a magnetic field. ... Faradays law of induction (more generally, the law of electromagnetic induction) states that the induced emf (electromotive force) in a closed loop equals the negative of the time rate of change of magnetic flux through the loop. ... Faradays law of electrolysis predicts the mass of material that will be deposited at an electrode during electrolysis. ... Michael Faraday, FRS (September 22, 1791 – August 25, 1867) was an English chemist and physicist (or natural philosopher, in the terminology of that time) who contributed significantly to the fields of electromagnetism and electrochemistry. ... James J. Jenkins is an American psychology professor best known for his work in psycholinguistics. ... Fermats principle assures that the angles given by Snells law always reflect lights quickest path between P and Q. Fermats principle in optics states: This principle was first stated by Pierre de Fermat. ... Pierre de Fermat Pierre de Fermat (August 17, 1601–January 12, 1665) was a French lawyer at the Parlement of Toulouse, France, and a mathematician who is given credit for early developments that led to modern calculus. ... The Fermi energy is a concept in quantum mechanics referring to the energy of the highest occupied quantum state in a system of fermions at zero temperature. ... A graphical representation of the Arecibo message - Humanitys first attempt to use radio waves to communicate its existence to alien civilizations The Fermi paradox is the apparent contradiction between high estimates of the probability of the existence of extraterrestrial civilizations and the lack of evidence of contact with such... In condensed matter physics, the Fermi surface is an abstract boundary useful for predicting the thermal, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties of metals, semimetals, and doped semiconductors. ... In particle physics, fermions are particles with half-integer spin. ... Enrico Fermi (September 29, 1901 – November 28, 1954) was an Italian physicist most noted for his work on the development of the first nuclear reactor, and for his contributions to the development of quantum theory, particle physics and statistical mechanics. ... Fermi-Dirac distribution as a function of ε/μ plotted for 4 different temperatures. ... Enrico Fermi (September 29, 1901 – November 28, 1954) was an Italian physicist most noted for his work on the development of the first nuclear reactor, and for his contributions to the development of quantum theory, particle physics and statistical mechanics. ... Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac, OM, FRS (IPA: [dɪræk]) (August 8, 1902 – October 20, 1984) was a British theoretical physicist and a founder of the field of quantum physics. ... In particle physics, fermions are particles with half-integer spin. ... Enrico Fermi (September 29, 1901 – November 28, 1954) was an Italian physicist most noted for his work on the development of the first nuclear reactor, and for his contributions to the development of quantum theory, particle physics and statistical mechanics. ... In mathematics, a partition of a positive integer n is a way of writing n as a sum of positive integers. ... In mathematics, a Young tableau is a combinatorial object useful in representation theory. ... In mathematics, a partition of a positive integer n is a way of writing n as a sum of positive integers. ... Norman Macleod Ferrers (*1829 †1903) was a British mathematician at Cambridges Gonville and Caius College (vice chancellor of Cambridge University 1884) who now seems to be remembered mainly for pointing out a conjugacy in integer partition diagrams, which are accordingly called Ferrers graphs and are closely related to Young... In this Feynman diagram, an electron and positron annihilate and become a quark-antiquark pair. ... Richard Phillips Feynman (May 11, 1918 – February 15, 1988; surname pronounced ) was an American physicist known for expanding the theory of quantum electrodynamics, the physics of the superfluidity of supercooled liquid helium, and particle theory. ... Richard Phillips Feynman (May 11, 1918 – February 15, 1988; surname pronounced ) was an American physicist known for expanding the theory of quantum electrodynamics, the physics of the superfluidity of supercooled liquid helium, and particle theory. ... Mark Kac (Marko Kac) (b. ... Sir Ronald Fisher Sir Ronald Aylmer Fisher, FRS (February 17, 1890&#8211;July 29, 1962) was an extraordinarily talented evolutionary biologist, geneticist and statistician. ... NOTE: this is not Fishers equation in differential equations The Fisher equation in financial mathematics and economics estimates the relationship between nominal and real interest rates under inflation. ... Irving Fisher (February 27, 1867 Saugerties, New York — April 29, 1947, New York) was an American economist, health campaigner, and eugenicist. ... In ergonomics, Fitts law is a model of human movement, predicting the time required to rapidly move from a starting position to a final target area, as a function of the distance to the target and the size of the target. ... Paul M. Fitts (1912 – 1965) was a psychologist at Ohio State University (later at the University of Michigan). ... The Flesch/Flesch–Kincaid Readability Tests are readability tests designed to indicate how difficult a reading passage is to understand. ... The Flynn effect is the rise of average Intelligence Quotient (IQ) test scores, an effect seen in most parts of the world, although at greatly varying rates. ... James R. Flynn James R. Flynn, (also Jim Flynn), Emeritus Professor of Political Studies at the University of Otago in Dunedin, New Zealand, is notable for his discovery of the Flynn effect, the continued year-on-year rise of IQ test scores in all parts of the world. ... In linguistics, the Fog Index is a test designed to measure the readability of a sample of English text. ... The Forer effect (also called personal validation fallacy or the Barnum effect after P.T. Barnum) is the observation that individuals will give high accuracy ratings to descriptions of their personality that supposedly are tailored specifically for them, but are in fact vague and general enough to apply to a... The Forer effect (also called the Barnum effect after P.T. Barnum) is an effect based on self-validation of personality descriptions, where an individual gives a high rating to a positive description that supposedly applies specifically to himself. ... Bertram R. Forer (24 October 1914—6 April 2000) was an American psychologist best known for describing the Forer effect, also known as subjective validation. ... Phineas Taylor Barnum (July 5, 1810 &#8211; April 7, 1891), American showman who is best remembered for his entertaining hoaxes and for founding the circus that eventually became Ringling Brothers and Barnum and Bailey Circus. ... Foucaults Pendulum in the Panthéon, Paris A Foucault pendulum, or Foucaults pendulum, named after the French physicist Léon Foucault, was conceived as an experiment to demonstrate the rotation of the Earth; its action is a result of the Coriolis effect. ... J. B. Léon Foucault Jean Bernard Léon Foucault (18 September 1819–11 February 1868) was a French physicist best known for the invention of the Foucault pendulum, a device demonstrating the effect of the Earths rotation. ... The Fourier number (Fo) is a dimensionless number that characterises heat conduction. ... Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier (March 21, 1768 - May 16, 1830) was a French mathematician and physicist who is best known for initiating the investigation of Fourier series and their application to problems of heat flow. ... The Franck-Condon principle is a rule in quantum chemistry that allows one to predict the intensity of a vibronic transition. ... James Franck (August 26, 1882 - May 21, 1964) was a German-born physicist and Nobel laureate. ... Edward Condon Edward Uhler Condon (March 2, 1902 – March 26, 1974) was a distinguished nuclear physicist, a pioneer in quantum mechanics, a participant in the development of radar and nuclear weapons in World War II, research director of Corning Glass, director of the National Bureau of Standards, and president of... The Franz-Keldysh effect is a change in optical absorption by a semiconductor when an electric field is applied. ... Walter Franz (1911 – 1992) was a theoretical physicist who independently discovered the Franz-Keldysh effect. ... Fraunhofer diffraction is diffraction of light through an aperture for small values of the Fresnel number, F<<1. ... Solar Fraunhofer lines In physics and optics, the Fraunhofer lines are a set of spectral lines named for the German physicist Joseph von Fraunhofer (1787--1826). ... Joseph von Fraunhofer Joseph von Fraunhofer (March 6, 1787 – June 7, 1826) was a German physicist. ... In optics and radio communications, a Fresnel zone (pronounced as FRA-nel Zone), named for physicist Augustin-Jean Fresnel, is one of a (theoretically infinite) number of a concentric ellipsoids of revolution which define volumes in the radiation pattern of a (usually) circular aperture. ... Augustin Fresnel Augustin-Jean Fresnel (pronounced fray-NELL) (May 10, 1788 &#8211; July 14, French physicist who contributed significantly to the establishment of the wave theory of light and optics. ... Antaeus Feldspar, Salsb, Colin McMillen, Sasquatch, Jtkiefer and 68. ... Allan H. Frey is an American neuroscientist who studied the nature of the microwave auditory effect during the Cold War era. ... // The Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) metric is an exact solution of the Einstein field equations of general relativity and which describes a homogeneous, isotropic expanding/contracting universe. ... // The Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) metric is an exact solution of the Einstein field equations of general relativity and which describes a homogeneous, isotropic expanding/contracting universe. ... The Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) metric describes a homogeneous, isotropic expanding/contracting universe. ... Alexander Alexandrovich Friedman (June 16, 1888 &#8211; September 16, Russian cosmologist and mathematician. ... Father Georges-Henri Lemaître (July 17, 1894 – June 20, 1966) was a Belgian Roman Catholic priest, honorary prelate, professor of physics and astronomer. ... Howard Percy Robertson (January 27, 1903 - August 26, 1961) was a scientist known for contributions related to cosmology and the uncertainty principle. ... Arthur Geoffrey Walker (17 July 1909 - 31 March 2001) was a leading mathematician and cosmologist. ... In mathematics, a Frobenius algebra is an associative algebra A defined over a field K equipped with a special kind of bilinear form , then called a Frobenius form of the algebra. ... In mathematics, the Frobenius automorphism is an automorphism induced by a prime power mapping defined for various extensions of fields. ... In mathematics, the Frobenius method describes a way to find an infinite series solution for a second-order ordinary differential equation of the form We can divide through by z2 to obtain a differential equation of the form which we can solve with regular power series methods if p(z... In mathematics, the term matrix norm can have two meanings: A vector norm on matrices, i. ... In mathematics, the Frobenius theorem states, in its smooth version of degree 1, the following: Let U be an open set in Rn and F a submodule of &#937;1(U) of constant rank r in U. Then F is integrable if and only if for every p &#8712; U... Picture of Frobenius Ferdinand Georg Frobenius (October 26, 1849 - August 3, 1917) was a German mathematician, best-known for his contributions to the theory of differential equations and to group theory. ... Herbert Fröhlich was a British scientist and a Fellow of the Royal Society. ... The Froude number is a dimensionless number used to quantify the resistance of an object moving through water, and compare objects of different sizes. ... The hulls of swan (above) and raven (below). ... The Fry Readability Formula (or Fry Readability Graph) is a readability metric for English texts, developed by Edward Fry. ... Sir Edward Fry (1827-1918), a judge on the British Court of Appeal (1883-1892) and also an arbitrator on the International Permanent Court of Arbitration. ... The Fujita scale (F-Scale), or Fujita-Pearson scale, rates a tornados intensity by the damage it inflicts on human-built structures and sometimes on vegetation. ... The F-scale, or Fascism scale, is a psychological measure of authoritarian tendencies. ... The Fujita scale (F-Scale), or Fujita-Pearson scale, is a scale for rating tornado intensity, based on the damage tornadoes inflict on human-built structures and vegetation. ... Tetsuya Theodore Fujita (&#34276;&#30000;&#21746;&#20063;, October 23, 1920&#8211;November 19, 1998) was one of the great severe storms researchers of the twentieth century. ... Allen Pearson was the Director of the National Severe Storms Forecast Center from 1965-79 and began to collaborate with Dr. Fujita on tornado physical characteristics soon after the 1970 Lubbock tornado. ... The Fujiwhara effect or Fujiwhara interaction is a type of interaction between two nearby cyclonic vortices. ...

G

• Gantmakher effect — Vsevolod Feliksovich Gantmakher
• Gause's principle/law — Georgyi Frantsevitch Gause
• Gauss effect, Gauss' law — Carl Friedrich Gauss
• Geib-Spevack process (a.k.a. Girdler sulfide (GS) process) — Karl-Hermann Geib and Jerome S. Spevack (and the Girdler company, which built the first American plant using the process)
• Geiger counter (a.k.a. Geiger-Müller counter) — Johannes Wilhelm (Hans) Geiger (and Walther Müller)
• Geiger-Marsden experiment (a.k.a. Rutherford experiment) — Johannes Wilhelm (Hans) Geiger and Ernest Marsden
• Geiger-Müller tube — Johannes Wilhelm (Hans) Geiger and Walther Müller
• Geiger-Nuttall law/rule — Johannes Wilhelm (Hans) Geiger and John M. Nuttall
• Geissler tube — Heinrich Geissler
• Gibbs entropy, Gibbs free energy, Gibbs paradox, Gibbs' phase rule, Gibbs phenomenon — Josiah Willard Gibbs
• Gibbs-Donnan effect (a.k.a. Donnan effect) — Josiah Willard Gibbs and Frederick G. Donnan
• Gibbs-Marangoni effect (a.k.a. Marangoni effect) — Josiah Willard Gibbs and Carlo Marangoni
• Gibbs-Helmholtz equation — Josiah Willard Gibbs and Hermann von Helmholtz
• Gibbs-Thomson effect — Josiah Willard Gibbs and three Thomsons: James Thomson, William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, Sir Joseph John Thomson
• Giffen good — Sir Robert Giffen
• Girdler process (a.k.a. Geib-Spevack (GS) process) — see Geib-Spevack process, above
• Goldbach's conjecture — Christian Goldbach
• Goldstone boson (a.k.a. Nambu-Goldstone boson) — see Nambu-Goldstone boson, below
• Goodhart's law — Charles Goodhart
• Goos-Hänchen effect/shift — F. Goos and H. Lindberg-Hänchen
• Grashof number — Franz Grashof
• Gregory's diverticulum — Emily Ray Gregory
• Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin cut-off/limit — Kenneth Greisen, Georgiy Zatsepin and Vadim Kuzmin
• Gresham's law — Sir Thomas Gresham
• Grotrian diagram — Walter Robert Wilhelm Grotrian
• Grotthuss chain — Christian Johann Dietrich Theodor von Grotthuss
• Grotthuss-Draper law — Christian Johann Dietrich Theodor von Grotthuss and John William Draper
• Guggenheim method — Edward Armand Guggenheim
• Gunn effect, Gunn diode — John Battiscombe Gunn
• Gunning fog index (a.k.a. Fog index) — Robert Gunning ("fog" is the noun)
• Gutenberg-Richter law — Beno Gutenberg and Charles Francis Richter

The competitive exclusion principle, sometimes referred to as Gauses Law of competitive exclusion or just Gauses Law, is a theory which states that two species competing for the same resources cannot stably coexist. ... In physics, Gausss law gives the relation between the electric flux flowing out a closed surface and the charge enclosed in the surface. ...   (30 April 1777 – 23 February 1855) was a German mathematician and scientist of profound genius who contributed significantly to many fields, including number theory, analysis, differential geometry, geodesy, magnetism, astronomy, and optics. ... The Girdler sulfide (GS) process, also known as the Geib-Spevack (GS) process,[1] is an industrial production method for making heavy water (deuterium oxide), an important component of many nuclear reactors because it acts as a neutron moderator. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Johannes (Hans) Wilhelm Geiger (September 30, 1882 – September 24, 1945) was a German physicist. ... Walther Müller was a German physicist, most well known for his improvement of Hans Geigers counter for ionizing radiation, now known as the Geiger-Mueller tube. ... Top: Expected results: alpha particles passing through the plum pudding model of the atom undisturbed. ... Top: Expected results: alpha particles passing through the plum pudding model of the atom undisturbed. ... Johannes (Hans) Wilhelm Geiger (September 30, 1882 – September 24, 1945) was a German physicist. ... Sir Ernest Marsden (1888 - 1970), was a British-New Zealand physicist. ... A Geiger-Müller tube (or GM tube) is the sensing element of a Geiger counter instrument that can detect a single particle of ionizing radiation, and typically produce an audible click for each. ... Johannes (Hans) Wilhelm Geiger (September 30, 1882 – September 24, 1945) was a German physicist. ... Walther Müller was a German physicist, most well known for his improvement of Hans Geigers counter for ionizing radiation, now known as the Geiger-Mueller tube. ... In nuclear physics, the Geiger-Nuttall law (or Geiger-Nuttall rule) relates the decay constant of a radioactive isotope with the energy of the alpha particles emitted. ... Johannes (Hans) Wilhelm Geiger (September 30, 1882 – September 24, 1945) was a German physicist. ... The Geissler tube is a glass tube for demonstrating the principles of electrical discharge. ... Heinrich Geissler (May 26, 1814 - January 24, 1879) was a German physicist. ... In thermodynamics, specifically in statistical mechanics, the Gibbs entropy is the usual statistical mechanical entropy of a thermodynamic system, where the summation is taken over the possible states of the system as a whole (typically a 6N-dimensional space, if the system contains N separate particles). ... In thermodynamics, the Gibbs free energy is a thermodynamic potential which measures the useful work obtainable from a closed thermodynamic system at a constant temperature and pressure. ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Gibbs phase rule. ... Approximation of square wave in 5 steps Approximation of square wave in 25 steps Approximation of square wave in 125 steps In mathematics, the Gibbs phenomenon, named after the American physicist J. Willard Gibbs, (also known as ringing artifacts) is the peculiar manner in which the Fourier series of a... Josiah Willard Gibbs (February 11, 1839 New Haven – April 28, 1903 New Haven) was one of the very first American theoretical physicists and chemists. ... The Gibbs-Donnan effect (also known as the Donnan effect, Donnan law, or Gibbs-Donnan equilibrium) is a name for the behavior of charged particles near a semi-permeable membrane to sometimes fail to distribute evenly on either side of the membrane. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Donnan equilibrium. ... Josiah Willard Gibbs (February 11, 1839 New Haven – April 28, 1903 New Haven) was one of the very first American theoretical physicists and chemists. ... The Marangoni effect (sometimes also called the Gibbs-Marangoni effect) is the mass transfer on, or in, a liquid layer due to surface tension differences. ... The Marangoni-Effect is the mass transfer on, or in, a liquid layer due to surface tension differences. ... Josiah Willard Gibbs (February 11, 1839 New Haven – April 28, 1903 New Haven) was one of the very first American theoretical physicists and chemists. ... The Gibbs-Helmholtz equation is a thermodynamic relationship useful for calculating changes in the energy or enthalpy (heat content) of a system. ... Josiah Willard Gibbs (February 11, 1839 New Haven – April 28, 1903 New Haven) was one of the very first American theoretical physicists and chemists. ... Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz (August 31, 1821 – September 8, 1894) was a German physician and physicist. ... The Gibbs-Thomson effect (not to be confused with the Thomson effect) relates surface curvature to vapor pressure and chemical potential. ... Josiah Willard Gibbs (February 11, 1839 New Haven – April 28, 1903 New Haven) was one of the very first American theoretical physicists and chemists. ... William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, OM, GCVO, PC, PRS, FRSE, (26 June 1824 – 17 December 1907) was a mathematical physicist, engineer, and outstanding leader in the physical sciences of the 19th century. ... Sir Joseph John Thomson Sir Joseph John Thomson (18 December 1856 &#8211; 30 August 1940), often known as J. J. Thomson, was an English physicist, the discoverer of the electron. ... A Giffen good is a product for which a rise in price of this product makes people buy even more of the product. ... Sir Robert Giffen (1837 – April 12, 1910), was a British statistician and economist. ... Goldbachs conjecture is one of the oldest unsolved problems in number theory and in all of mathematics. ... Christian Goldbach (March 18, 1690 - November 20, 1764), was a Prussian mathematician, who was born in Königsberg, Prussia, as son of a pastor. ... In particle and condensed matter physics, Goldstone bosons (also known as Nambu-Goldstone bosons) are bosons that appear in models with spontaneously broken symmetry. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Goldstones theorem. ... Goodharts law is the equivalent in the social sciences of the uncertainty principle in physics. ... Charles Goodhart has been a member of the Bank of Englands Monetary Policy Committee from June 1997-May 2000. ... The Goos-Hänchen effect is an optical phenomenon in which linearly polarized light undergoes a small shift, parallel to the direction of propagation, when totally internally reflected. ... The Grashof number is a dimensionless number in fluid dynamics which approximates the ratio of the buoyancy force to the viscous force acting on a fluid. ... Franz Grashof (July 11, 1826 in Düsseldorf - October 26, 1893 in Karlsruhe) was a German engineer. ... The Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin limit (GZK limit) is a theoretical upper limit on the energy of cosmic rays from distant sources. ... Georgiy Zatsepin (b. ... Greshams law is commonly stated as: When there is a legal tender currency, bad money drives good money out of circulation. Greshams law applies specifically when there are two forms of commodity money in circulation which are forced, by the application of legal tender laws, to be respected... Sir Thomas Gresham (~1519 - 21 November 1579) was an English merchant and financier who worked for King Edward VI of England and for Edwards half-sister Queen Elizabeth I of England. ... A Grotrian diagram or term diagram measures the energy level of multi-electron atoms. ... Walter Robert Wilhelm Grotrian (1890—1954) was a German astronomer and astrophysicist. ... The protonic defect migrates through the hydrogen bond network through a series of covalent bond cleavage/formation. ... Theodor von Grotthuss Theodor von Grotthuss (1785-1822) was the originator of the first law of photochemistry in 1817, but is likely best known for his formulation of the first theory of electrolysis in 1806 [1]. This publication of Grotthuss theory of electrolysis is often credited for the first description... The Grotthuss-Draper law (also called Principle of Photochemical Activation) states that only that light which is absorbed by a system can bring about a photochemical change. ... Theodor von Grotthuss Theodor von Grotthuss (1785-1822) was the originator of the first law of photochemistry in 1817, but is likely best known for his formulation of the first theory of electrolysis in 1806 [1]. This publication of Grotthuss theory of electrolysis is often credited for the first description... John William Draper (5 May 1811, St Helens, Merseyside – 4 January 1882, Hastings, New York) was a U.S. (English-born) chemist, botanist, historian and photographer. ... A rough approximation of the VI curve for a Gunn diode, showing the negative differential resistance region A Gunn diode, also known as a transferred electron device (TED), is a form of diode used in high-frequency electronics. ... A rough approximation of the VI curve for a Gunn diode, showing the negative differential resistance region A Gunn diode, also known as a transferred electron device (TED) is a form of diode used in high-frequency electronics. ... John Battiscombe Gunn is an Egyptian-born US/British physicist born in 1928. ... In linguistics, the Fog Index is a test designed to measure the readability of a sample of English text. ... In linguistics, the Fog Index is a test designed to measure the readability of a sample of English text. ... Robert Gunning is a Professor of English at Oxford University. ... Evening fog obscures Londons Tower Bridge from passers by. ... In seismology, the Gutenberg-Richter law states that the number of earthquakes per year of Richter magnitude M statistically has the form Number of earthquakes of size M per year ~ exp(a - bM) where exp is the exponential function. ... Beno Gutenberg (June 4, 1889 – January 25, 1960) was a German-born seismologist who made several important contributions to the science. ... Charles Francis Richter (April 26, 1900 – September 30, 1985), was an American seismologist, born outside of Hamilton, Ohio. ...

H

• Haar measure — Alfréd Haar
• Hadamard inequality — Jacques Solomon Hadamard
• Hadamard-Rademacher-Walsh transform (a.k.a. Hadamard transform) — Jacques Solomon Hadamard, Hans Adolph Rademacher, and Joseph Leonard Walsh
• Haldane effect — John Scott Haldane
• Haldane's principle — John Burdon Sanderson Haldane
• Hall effect — Edwin Hall
• Hamilton's rule — William Donald "Bill" Hamilton
• Hammond postulate — George Simms Hammond
• Hanle effect — Wilhelm Hanle
• Hanlon's razor (a.k.a. Heinlein's razor) — Robert J. Hanlon (or Robert A. Heinlein)
• Hansch constant — Corwin Herman Hansch
• Hardy notation, space — Godfrey H. Hardy
• Hardy-Littlewood circle method, first conjecture — Godfrey H. Hardy and John E. Littlewood
• Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium/law/principle — Wilhelm Weinberg and Godfrey H. Hardy
• Harrod-Johnson diagram — Roy F. Harrod and Harry G. Johnson
• Hartley bands — Walter Noel Hartley
• Hartley oscillator — Ralph Hartley
• Hartree energy — Douglas Hartree
• Hasse condition, diagram, principle — Helmut Hasse
• Hasse-Minkowski theorem — Helmut Hasse and Hermann Minkowski
• Hausdorff dimension — Felix Hausdorff
• Haworth formula — Sir Walter Norman Haworth
• Hayflick limit — Leonard Hayflick
• Hawking radiation (a.k.a. Bekenstein-Hawking radiation) — Stephen Hawking (and Jacob Bekenstein)
• Hebbian learning — Donald Olding Hebb
• Heinlein's razor — see Heinlein's razor, above
• Heisenberg uncertainty principle — Werner Heisenberg
• Hellmann-Feynman theorem — Hans Hellmann and Richard Feynman
• Helmholtz free energy, Helmholtz resonance — Hermann von Helmholtz
• Hénon maps — Michel Hénon
• Henrietta's law — see Leavitt's law, below
• Herschel effect — Sir John Herschel
• Hertz effect — Heinrich Rudolf Hertz
• Hertzsprung-Russell diagram — Ejnar Hertzsprung and Henry Norris Russell
• Herzberg bands — Gerhard Herzberg
• Heusler alloy — Fritz Heusler
• Higgs boson, field — Peter Higgs
• Higgs' laws — Simon Robert Higgs
• Higgs mechanism — see Anderson-Higgs mechanism, above
• Hilbert-Waring theorem (a.k.a. Waring's problem) — David Hilbert and Edward Waring
• Hill sphere (a.k.a. Roche sphere) — George William Hill (and Édouard Roche)
• Hills cloud — Jack G. Hills
• Hipparchic cycle — Hipparchus of Nicaea (a.k.a. Hipparchus of Rhodes)
• Hirayama family — Kiyotsugu Hirayama
• Hoffmann's organ — C. K. Hoffmann
• Hofstadter's butterfly, law — Douglas Richard Hofstadter
• Holetschek effect — Johann Holetschek
• Hopfield bands — John J. Hopfield
• Hopfield network — John J. Hopfield
• Hubble constant, expansion — Edwin Hubble
• Hueppe's rule — F. Hueppe
• Huggins bands — Sir William Huggins
• Huggins effect — William H. Huggins
• Hull rule — Clark L. Hull
• Humphreys line, series — Curtis J. Humphreys
• Hund's Rules, Friedrich Hund
• Hunt effect — Robert W. G. Hunt
• Hutchison effect — John Hutchison
• Huygens' principle — Christiaan Huygens

In mathematical analysis, the Haar measure is a way to assign an invariant volume to subsets of locally compact topological groups and subsequently define an integral for functions on those groups. ... Alfréd Haar (October 11, 1885 - March 16, 1933) was a Hungarian mathematician. ... In mathematics, Hadamards inequality bounds above the volume in Euclidean space of n dimensions marked out by n vectors vi for 1 &#8804; i &#8804; n. ... Jacques Salomon Hadamard (December 8, 1865 – October 17, 1963) was a French mathematician best known for his proof of the prime number theorem in 1896. ... The Hadamard transform (Hadamard transformation, also known as the Walsh-Hadamard transformation) is an example of a generalized class of Fourier transforms. ... Jacques Salomon Hadamard (December 8, 1865 – October 17, 1963) was a French mathematician best known for his proof of the prime number theorem in 1896. ... Hans Adolph Rademacher (born 3 April 1892, Wandsbeck, now Hamburg-Wandsbek, died 7 February 1969, Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA) was a German mathematician, known for work in mathematical analysis and number theory. ... The Haldane effect is a property of hemoglobin first described by the British physician John Scott Haldane. ... John Scott Haldane (May 3, 1860 - March 15/March 14, 1936) was a Scottish medical doctor. ... For the physiologist (JBSs father), see John Scott Haldane. ... John Burdon Sanderson Haldane (November 5, 1892 - December 1, 1964), who normally used J.B.S. as a first name, was a geneticist born in Scotland and educated at Eton and Oxford University. ... Hall effect diagram, showing electron flow (rather than conventional current). ... Edwin Herbert Hall (November 7, 1855 - November 20, 1938) was an American physicist who discovered the Hall effect. Hall conducted thermoelectric research at Harvard and where he also wrote numerous physics textbooks and laboratory manuals. ... Kin Selection is the phrase used to refer to changes in gene frequency driven by natural selection that can only be understood by looking at how biological relatives influence the fitness of each other. ... This article is about the British biologist Bill Hamilton. ... Hammonds Postulate, also referred to as the Hammond-Leffler postulate, is a hypothesis, derived from transition state theory, concerning the transition state of organic chemical reactions, which states that:[1] // Effectively, the postulate states that the structure of a transition state resembles that of the species nearest to it... Hanlons razor, a corollary of Finagles law, is an adage which reads: Also worded as: A similar epigram has been attributed to William James among others. ... Hanlons razor, a corollary of Finagles law, is an adage which reads: Also worded as: Hanlons Razor is a favorite of hackers and often shows up in sig blocks, fortune files, and the login banners of BBS systems and commercial networks. ... Robert Anson Heinlein (July 7, 1907 – May 8, 1988) was one of the most popular, influential, and controversial authors of hard science fiction. ... In complexity theory and mathematics, the Hardy notation, introduced by G. H. Hardy, is used for asymptotic comparison of functions, equivalently to Landau notation (also known as Big O notation). It is defined in terms of Landau notation by   and   (Similar symbols are used, like resp. ... In complex analysis, the Hardy spaces are analogues of the Lp spaces of functional analysis. ... G. H. Hardy Professor Godfrey Harold Hardy FRS (February 7, 1877 – December 1, 1947) was a prominent English mathematician, known for his achievements in number theory and mathematical analysis. ... In mathematics, the Hardy-Littlewood circle method is one of the most frequently used techniques of analytic number theory. ... The twin prime conjecture is a famous problem in number theory that involves prime numbers. ... G. H. Hardy Professor Godfrey Harold Hardy FRS (February 7, 1877 – December 1, 1947) was a prominent English mathematician, known for his achievements in number theory and mathematical analysis. ... John Edensor Littlewood (9 June 1885 – 6 September 1977) was a British mathematician, best known for his long collaboration with G. H. Hardy // Littlewood was born in Rochester in Kent. ... Hardy-Weinberg principle for two alleles: the horizontal axis shows the two allele frequencies p and q , the vertical axis shows the genotype frequencies and the three possible genotypes are represented by the different glyphs The Hardy-Weinberg principle (HWP) (also Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE), Hardy-Weinberg law, Chetverikov-Hardy... Wilhelm Weinberg Dr Wilhelm Weinberg (1862 — 1937) was a German physician who in 1908 independently of the British mathematician G.H. Hardy, formulated the Hardy-Weinberg principle. ... G. H. Hardy Professor Godfrey Harold Hardy FRS (February 7, 1877 – December 1, 1947) was a prominent English mathematician, known for his achievements in number theory and mathematical analysis. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Sir Roy Forbes Harrod (1900-1978) was an English economist, who Independently of Evsey Domar developed an important economic model called the Harrod-Domar model. ... Schematic diagram The Hartley oscillator is an LC electronic oscillator that derives its feedback from a tapped coil in parallel with a capacitor (the tank circuit). ... Ralph Vinton Lyon Hartley (November 30, 1888 - May 1, 1970) was an electronics researcher. ... A Hartree (symbol Eh) is the atomic unit of energy and is named after physicist Douglas Hartree. ... Douglas Rayner Hartree (March 27, 1897 - February 12, 1958) was an English mathematician and physicist most famous for the development of numerical analysis and its application to atomic physics. ... In the mathematical discipline known as order theory, a Hasse diagram (pronounced HAHS uh, named after Helmut Hasse (1898–1979)) is a simple picture of a finite partially ordered set, forming a drawing of the transitive reduction of the partial order. ... In mathematics, Helmut Hasses local-global principle, also known as the Hasse principle, is the assertion that an equation can be solved over the rational numbers if and only if it can be solved over the real numbers and over the p-adic numbers for every prime p. ... Helmut Hasse (pronounced HAHS uh) (25 August 1898- 26 December 1979) was a German mathematician working in algebraic number theory, known for fundamental contributions to class field theory, the application of p-adic numbers to local classfield theory and diophantine geometry (Hasse principle), and to local zeta functions. ... In mathematics, the Hasse-Minkowski theorem states that a quadratic form is isotropic globally if and only if it is everywhere isotropic locally; it is the classic local-global principle. ... Helmut Hasse (pronounced HAHS uh) (25 August 1898- 26 December 1979) was a German mathematician working in algebraic number theory, known for fundamental contributions to class field theory, the application of p-adic numbers to local classfield theory and diophantine geometry (Hasse principle), and to local zeta functions. ... Hermann Minkowski. ... In mathematics, the Hausdorff dimension is an extended non-negative real number (that is a number in the closed infinite interval [0, ∞]) associated to any metric space . ... Felix Hausdorff Felix Hausdorff (November 8, 1868 – January 26, 1942) was a German mathematician who is considered to be one of the founders of modern topology and who contributed significantly to set theory and functional analysis. ... Sir Walter Norman Haworth (March 19, 1883 &#8211; March 19, 1950) was a British chemist who is best known for his groundbreaking work on ascorbic acid (vitamin C). ... The Hayflick limit was discovered by Leonard Hayflick in 1965. ... Leonard Hayflick (born in 1928), Ph. ... In physics, Hawking radiation is thermal radiation thought to be emitted by black holes due to quantum effects. ... In physics, Hawking radiation (also known as Bekenstein-Hawking radiation) is a thermal radiation thought to be emitted by black holes due to quantum effects. ... Stephen William Hawking, CH, CBE, FRS, FRSA, (born 8 January 1942) is a British theoretical physicist. ... Jacob David Bekenstein (born May 1, 1947) is a physicist who has contributed to the foundation of black hole thermodynamics and to other aspects of the connections between information and gravitation. ... Hebbian learning is a hypothesis for how neuronal connections are enforced in mammalian brains; it is also a technique for weight selection in artificial neural networks. ... Donald Olding Hebb (July 22, 1904-August 20, 1985) was a Canadian psychologist who was influentian in the area of neuropsychology, where he sought to understand how the function of neurons contributed to psychological processes such as learning. ... Hanlons razor, a corollary of Finagles law, is an adage which reads: Also worded as: Hanlons Razor is a favorite of hackers and often shows up in sig blocks, fortune files, and the login banners of BBS systems and commercial networks. ... Hanlons razor, a corollary of Finagles law, is an adage which reads: Also worded as: Hanlons Razor is a favorite of hackers and often shows up in sig blocks, fortune files, and the login banners of BBS systems and commercial networks. ... In quantum physics, the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, sometimes called the Heisenberg indeterminacy principle, expresses a limitation on accuracy of (nearly) simultaneous measurement of observables such as the position and the momentum of a particle. ... Werner Karl Heisenberg (December 5, 1901 – February 1, 1976) was a celebrated German physicist and Nobel laureate, one of the founders of quantum mechanics, and acknowledged to be one of the most important physicists of the twentieth century. ... The Hellmann-Feynman theorem is a theorem in quantum mechanics, which relates the energy eigenvalues of a time-independent Hamiltonian operator to the parameters composing it. ... Hans G.A. Hellmann (Wilhelmshaven, Germany, October 14, 1903 - Moscow, Russia, May 29, 1938), German theoretical chemist. ... Richard Phillips Feynman (May 11, 1918 – February 15, 1988; surname pronounced ) was an American physicist known for expanding the theory of quantum electrodynamics, the physics of the superfluidity of supercooled liquid helium, and particle theory. ... In thermodynamics, the Helmholtz free energy is a thermodynamic potential which measures the “useful” work obtainable from a closed thermodynamic system at a constant temperature. ... A brass, spherical Helmholtz resonator based on his original design, from around 1890-1900. ... Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz (August 31, 1821 – September 8, 1894) was a German physician and physicist. ... Hénon attractor for a = 1. ... Michel Hénon (born 1931 in Paris, France) is a mathematician and astronomer. ... Cepheid in the Spiral Galaxy M100 A Cepheid variable or Cepheid is a member of a particular class of variable stars, notable for a fairly tight correlation between their period of variability and absolute luminosity. ... John Herschel Sir John Frederick William Herschel (7 March 1792 – 11 May 1871) was an English mathematician and astronomer. ... A diagram illustrating the emission of photoelectrons from a metal plate, requiring energy gained from an incoming photon to be more than the work function of the material. ... Heinrich Rudolf Hertz (February 22, 1857 - January 1, 1894) was the German physicist and mechanician for whom the hertz, an SI unit, is named. ... The Hertzsprung-Russell diagram (usually referred to by the abbreviation H-R diagram or HRD, also known as a Colour-Magnitude diagram, or CMD) shows the relationship between absolute magnitude, luminosity, classification, and surface temperature of stars. ... Ejnar Hertzsprung (October 8, 1873, Copenhagen – October 21, 1967, Roskilde) was a Danish chemist and astronomer. ... Henry Norris Russell (October 25, 1877 – February 18, 1957) was a US astronomer who, along with Ejnar Hertzsprung, developed the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram (1910). ... Gerhard Herzberg (December 25, 1904 – March 3, 1999) was a pioneering theoretical chemist. ... A Heusler alloy is a ferromagnetic metal alloy based on a Heusler phase. ... Friedrich Heusler (* 1866; † 1947) was a German mining engineer and chemist. ... The Higgs boson is a hypothetical massive scalar elementary particle predicted to exist by the Standard Model of particle physics. ... Higgs bosons are hypothetical elementary particles predicted to exist by the Standard Model of particle physics. ... Peter Ware Higgs (born May 29, 1929), FRSE, FRS, until recently held a personal chair in theoretical physics at the University of Edinburgh and is now an emeritus professor. ... Simon Robert Higgs (born July 24, 1964) is the founder of Higgs Communications [1] and author of the Higgs Laws series. ... The Higgs mechanism or Anderson-Higgs mechanism, originally proposed by the British physicist Peter Higgs based on a suggestion by Philip Anderson, is the mechanism that gives mass to all elementary particles in particle physics. ... The Higgs mechanism or Anderson-Higgs mechanism, originally proposed by the British physicist Peter Higgs based on a suggestion by Philip Anderson, is the mechanism that gives mass to all elementary particles in particle physics. ... In number theory, Warings problem, proposed in 1770 by Edward Waring, asks whether for every natural number k there exists an associated positive integer s such that every natural number is the sum of at most s kth powers of natural numbers. ... David Hilbert (January 23, 1862, Königsberg, East Prussia – February 14, 1943, Göttingen, Germany) was a German mathematician, recognized as one of the most influential and universal mathematicians of the 19th and early 20th centuries. ... Edward Waring (1736 - August 15, 1798) was British mathematician who was born in Old Heath (near Shrewsbury) Shropshire England and died in Pontesbury Shropshire England He was Lucasian professor of mathematics at Cambridge University from 1760 until his death. ... A Hill sphere approximates the gravitational sphere of influence of one astronomical body in the face of perturbations from another heavier body around which it orbits. ... A Hill sphere approximates the gravitational sphere of influence of one astronomical body in the face of perturbations from another heavier body around which it orbits. ... George William Hill (March 3, 1838 – April 16, 1914), was a U.S. astronomer and mathematician. ... Édouard Albert Roche (1820-1883) was a French scientist. ... The Hills cloud is a hypothetical inner region of the Oort cloud with an outer boundary of 2-3×104 AU, and a less well defined inner boundary at 50 to 3000 AU, proposed in 1981 by J. G. Hill. ... Eclipses may occur repeatedly, separated by some specific interval of time: this interval is called an eclipse cycle. ... For the Athenian tyrant, see Hipparchus (son of Pisistratus). ... Minor planet is the official term for asteroids and trans-Neptunian objects. ... Kiyotsugu Hirayama (&#24179;&#23665;&#28165;&#27425;) (1874&#8211;1943) was a Japanese astronomer, best known for his discovery that many asteroid orbits were more similar to one another than chance would allow, leading to the concept of asteroid families, now called Hirayama families in his honour. ... Hofstadters Butterfly refers to a fractal discovered by Douglas Hofstadter in his paper Energy levels and wavefunctions of Bloch electrons in rational and irrational magnetic fields. ... Hofstadters Law states that: This self-referencing adage was coined by Douglas Hofstadter in his 1979 magnum opus Gödel, Escher, Bach . ... Douglas Richard Hofstadter (born February 15, 1945 in New York, New York) is an American academic. ... Johann Holetschek (August 29, 1846—November 10, 1923) was an Austrian astronomer, known for his research on comets. ... Simplified view of an artificial neural network A neural network is an interconnected group of artificial or biological neurons. ... John Joseph Hopfield is an American scientist most widely known for his invention of an associative neural network in 1982. ... Hubbles law is the statement in astronomy that the redshift in light coming from distant galaxies is proportional to their distance. ... Hubbles law is the statement in astronomy that the redshift in light coming from distant galaxies is proportional to their distance. ... // For the politician, see Edwin N. Hubbell. ... William Huggins Sir William Huggins, OM , FRS (February 7, 1824 – May 12, 1910) was a British astronomer. ... Clark Leonard Hull (1884-1952) was an influential American psychologist and behaviorist who sought to explain learning and motivation by scientific laws of behavior. ... In atomic physics, the Humphreys series is the designation of one of a set of six different named series describing the spectral line emissions of the hydrogen atom, and was discovered by Curtis J. Humphreys in 1953. ... In atomic physics, the Humphreys series is the designation of one of a set of six different named series describing the spectral line emissions of the hydrogen atom, and was discovered by Curtis J. Humphreys in 1953. ... now. ... It has been suggested that Hunds rule of Maximum Multiplicity be merged into this article or section. ... Carl von Weizacker & Friedrich Hund, Goettingen DPI Friedrich Hund (February 4, 1896 - March 31, 1997) : German physicist known for his work on atoms and molecules. ... The Hutchison effect is a name given to a collection of alleged natural phenomena that John Hutchison claims to have discovered in 1979. ... John Hutchison is a Canadian autodidact known for his alleged discovery of a variety of purported natural (or paranormal) phenomena. ... Wave Refraction in the manner of Huygens. ... Christiaan Huygens Christiaan Huygens (pronounced in English (IPA): ; in Dutch: )(April 14, 1629–July 8, 1695), was a Dutch mathematician, astronomer and physicist; born in The Hague as the son of Constantijn Huygens. ...

I

• Imamura-Iida tsunami intensity scale — Fumihiko Imamura and Kumizi Iida
• Imamura-Soloviev tsunami intensity scale — Fumihiko Imamura and Sergey L. Soloviev
• Imbert-Fedorov effect/shift (a.k.a. Imbert-Pavageau-Fedorov effect) — C. Imbert, F. I. Fedorov (and J. Pavageau)
• Ishikawa diagram — Kaoru Ishikawa
• Ising model (a.k.a. Lenz-Ising model) — Ernst Ising (and Wilhelm Lenz)

The Imbert-Fedorov effect is an optical phenomenon in which circularly or elliptically polarized light undergoes a small shift, transverse to the direction of propagation, when totally internally reflected. ... The Ishikawa diagram is a graphical method for finding the most likely causes for an undesired effect. ... Kaoru Ishikawa (石川 馨 Ishikawa Kaoru) is a Japanese consultant, father of the scientific analysis of causes of problems in an industrial process. ... The Ising model, named after the physicist Ernst Ising, is a mathematical model in statistical mechanics. ... Ernst Ising (born May 10, 1900, Cologne, Germany – May 11, 1998, Peoria, Illinois, USA) was a German physicist, who is best remembered for the development of the Ising model of ferromagnetism. ... Wilhelm Lenz (February 8, 1888 in Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany – April 30, 1957 in Hamburg, Germany) was a German physicist, most notable for his invention of the Ising model[1] and for his application of the Laplace-Runge-Lenz vector to the (old) quantum mechanical treatment of hydrogen-like atoms. ...

J

• Jackson diagram — Michael A. Jackson
• Jahn-Teller effect — Hans Jahn and Edward Teller
• Jarque-Bera test — Carlos M. Jarque and Anil K. Bera
• Jeffrey's rule — Richard Jeffrey
• Johnson–Nyquist noise — John B. Johnson and Harry Nyquist
• Johnston diagram — Russell Johnston
• Jonnesco's fossa — Thomas Jonnesco
• Jordan's rule/law — David Starr Jordan
• Josephson constant, effect, junction — Brian David Josephson
• Jost's laws (of rehearsal and forgetting) — Adolf Jost
• Joule's law (a.k.a. Joule-Lenz law) — James Prescott Joule (and Heinrich Friedrich Emil Lenz)
• Joule-Thomson effect (a.k.a. Joule-Kelvin effect) — James Prescott Joule and William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin

Michael Anthony Jackson (born 1936) works as an independent consultant in London, England, and also as a part-time researcher at AT&T Research, Florham Park, NJ, USA. He is a visiting research professor at the Open University in the UK. Michael Jackson studied classics at Oxford University, where he... The Jahn-Teller effect, sometimes also known as Jahn-Teller distortion, describes the geometrical distortion of the electron cloud in a non-linear molecule under certain situations. ... Edward Teller (original Hungarian name Teller Ede) (January 15, 1908 – September 9, 2003) was a Jewish Hungarian-American theoretical physicist, known colloquially as the father of the hydrogen bomb. ... In statistics, the Jarque-Bera test is a goodness-of-fit measure of departure from normality, based on the sample kurtosis and skewness. ... Richard C. Jeffrey (5 August 1926 – 9 November 2002) was an American philosopher, logician, and probability theorist. ... Johnson–Nyquist noise (thermal noise, Johnson noise, or Nyquist noise) is the noise generated by the thermal agitation of the charge carriers (the electrons) inside an electrical conductor in equilibrium, which happens regardless of any applied voltage. ... John Bertrand Johnson (1887-1970) was a Swedish-born American electrical engineer and physicist. ... Harry Nyquist (February 7, 1889 - April 4, 1976) was an important contributor to information theory. ... Johnston diagrams, which look similar to Euler or Venn diagrams, illustrate formal propositional logic in a visual manner. ... David Starr Jordan David Starr Jordan, Ph. ... The magnetic flux quantum &#934;0 is the quantum of magnetic flux passing through a superconductor. ... The Josephson effect is the phenomenon of current flow across two weakly coupled superconductors, separated by a very thin insulating barrier. ... Josephson junctions, first postulated by B. D. Josephson and first made by John Rowell and Philip Anderson, are quantum-mechanical circuit elements of superconducting devices. ... Brian David Josephson (born Cardiff, Wales, UK, January 4, 1940) is a British physicist whose discovery of the Josephson effect as a 22-year-old graduate student won him the 1973 Nobel Prize for Physics, which he shared with Leo Esaki and Ivar Giaever. ... Joules law (also known as Joule effect) is a physical law expressing the relationship between the heat generated by the current flowing through a conductor. ... Joules laws are a pair of laws concerning the heat produced by a current and the energy dependence of an ideal gas to that of pressure, volume, and temperature, respectively. ... James Joule - English physicist James Prescott Joule, FRS (December 24, 1818 – October 11, 1889) was an English physicist, born in Sale, near Manchester. ... Heinrich Friedrich Emil Lenz (February 12, 1804 - February 10, 1865) was a Baltic German physicist most famous for formulating Lenzs law in 1833. ... In physics, the Joule-Thomson effect, or Joule-Kelvin effect, is a process in which the temperature of a real gas is either decreased or increased by letting the gas expand freely at constant enthalpy (which means that no heat is transferred to or from the gas, and no external... In physics, the Joule-Thomson effect, or Joule-Kelvin effect, is a process in which the temperature of a real gas is either decreased or increased by letting the gas expand freely at constant enthalpy (which means that no heat is transferred to or from the gas, and no external... James Joule - English physicist James Prescott Joule, FRS (December 24, 1818 – October 11, 1889) was an English physicist, born in Sale, near Manchester. ... William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, OM, GCVO, PC, PRS, FRSE, (26 June 1824 – 17 December 1907) was a mathematical physicist, engineer, and outstanding leader in the physical sciences of the 19th century. ...

K

• Kac model — Mark Kac
• Kapitsa-Dirac effect — Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa and Paul Dirac
• Karnaugh map (a.k.a. Karnaugh-Veitch map, Veitch diagram) — Maurice Karnaugh (and Edward W. Veitch)
• Kater's pendulum — Captain Henry Kater
• Keeling curve — Charles David Keeling
• Kelvin effect — William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin
• Kennelly-Heaviside layer — Arthur Edwin Kennelly and Oliver Heaviside
• Kerr effect — John Kerr
• Kirkendall effect — Ernest Kirkendall
• Klein-Gordon equation — Oskar Klein and Walter Gordon
• Klein-Nishina effect — Oskar Klein and Yoshio Nishina
• Knudsen cell, effect, number — Martin Hans Christian Knudsen
• Kochen-Specker paradox — Simon Kochen and Ernst Specker
• Kohn effect — Walter Kohn
• Kohn-Sham equations — Walter Kohn and Lu Jeu Sham
• Kohonen network — Teuvo Kohonen
• Kondo effect — Jun Kondo
• Koss-Gräer effect — Brian Koss and David Gräer
• Kossel effect, Kossel lines, Kossel diagram — Walther Kossel
• Kossel-Möllenstedt pattern — Walther Kossel and Gottfried Möllenstedt
• Kosterlitz-Thouless transition (a.k.a. Berezinsky-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition) — see Berezinsky-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition, above
• Kostinsky effect — Sergey Konstantinovich Kostinsky (a.k.a. S. K. Kostinskii)
• Kozai effect — Yoshihide Kozai
• Krebs cycle — Hans Adolf Krebs
• Kratzer potential — Adolf Kratzer
• Krishnan effect — Kariamanikkam Srinivasa Krishnan
• Kronecker delta — Leopold Kronecker
• Kuiper Belt — Gerard Kuiper
• Kuramoto model — Yoshiki Kuramoto

Mark Kac (Marko Kac) (b. ... Semenov (on the right) and Kapitsa (on the left), portrait by Boris Kustodiev, 1921 Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa (Russian Пётр Леонидович Капица) (July 9, 1894 – April 8, 1984) was a Soviet/Russian physicist who discovered superfluidity with some contribution from John F. Allen and Don Misener in 1937. ... Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac, OM, FRS (IPA: [dɪræk]) (August 8, 1902 – October 20, 1984) was a British theoretical physicist and a founder of the field of quantum physics. ... An example Karnaugh map The Karnaugh map, also known as a Veitch diagram (K-map or KV-map for short), is a tool to facilitate management of Boolean algebraic expressions. ... An example Karnaugh map The Karnaugh map, also known as a Veitch diagram (K-map or KV-map for short), is a tool to facilitate management of Boolean algebraic expressions. ... Katers pendulum is a reversible pendulum designed and built by Captain Henry Kater in 1817 to measure the acceleration of free fall so that gravity may be calculated without knowledge of the pendulums centre of gravity and radius of gyration. ... Henry Kater (April 16, 1777 – April 26, 1835), English physicist of German descent, was born at Bristol. ... The Keeling Curve is a graph measuring the increase in the levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere since 1958. ... Charles Keeling (April 20, 1928 - June 20, 2005) was an American scientist whose recording of carbon dioxide at the Mauna Loa Observatory first alerted the world to global warming attributed to the greenhouse effect. The Keeling curve measures the progressive buildup of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. ... William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, OM, GCVO, PC, PRS, FRSE, (26 June 1824 – 17 December 1907) was a mathematical physicist, engineer, and outstanding leader in the physical sciences of the 19th century. ... The Kennelly-Heaviside Layer is also known as the E region or just as Heaviside Layer (after Oliver Heaviside). ... Arthur Edwin Kennelly (December 17, 1861 - June 18, 1939), was an American engineer in electricity. ... Oliver Heaviside (May 18, 1850 – February 3, 1925) was a self-taught English electrical engineer, mathematician, and physicist who adapted complex numbers to the study of electrical circuits, developed techniques for applying Laplace transforms to the solution of differential equations, reformulated Maxwells field equations in terms of electric and... The Kerr effect or the quadratic electro-optic effect is a change in the refractive index of a material in response to the intensity of an external electric field. ... Rev. ... The Kirkendall effect is the migration of markers that occurs when markers are placed at the interface between an alloy and a metal, and the whole is heated to a temperature where diffusion is possible; the markers will move towards the alloy region. ... The Klein-Gordon equation (Klein-Fock-Gordon equation or sometimes Klein-Gordon-Fock equation) is the relativistic version of the Schrödinger equation. ... Walter Gordon is the name of: Walter A. Gordon - African-American political figure. ... The Klein-Nishina formula provides an accurate prediction of the angular distribution of x-rays and gamma-rays which are incident upon a single electron. ... Yoshio Nishina Yoshio Nishina (仁科芳雄) (1890–1951) was a Japanese physicist. ... The Knudsen number (Kn) is the ratio of the molecular mean free path length to a representative physical length scale. ... This article is about the Danish physicist Martin Knudsen. ... Dispersion of phonons from the Fermi surface. ... Walter Kohn (born March 9, 1923 in Vienna, Austria) is an Austrian-born American physicist who was awarded, with John A. Pople, the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1998. ... The Kohn-Sham equations are a set of eigenvalue equations within density functional theory (DFT). ... Walter Kohn (born March 9, 1923 in Vienna, Austria) is an Austrian-born American physicist who was awarded, with John A. Pople, the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1998. ... Teuvo Kohonen, Dr. Ing (born July 11, 1934), is a Finnish academican and prominent researcher. ... The Kondo effect refers to the non-trivial physics associated with the presence of a magnetic impurity in a solid (generally, a metal). ... Jun Kondo (è¿‘è—¤ æ·³ Kondō Jun, born on February 6, 1936) is a theoretical physicist in Japan. ... Walther Ludwig Julius Kossel (January 4, 1888 in Berlin, Germany – 22 May 1956 in Tübingen, Germany) was a German physicist known for his theory of the chemical bond (ionic bond/octet rule), Sommerfeld-Kossel displacement law of atomic spectra, the Kossel-Stranski model for crystal growth, and the Kossel... Walther Ludwig Julius Kossel (January 4, 1888 in Berlin, Germany – 22 May 1956 in Tübingen, Germany) was a German physicist known for his theory of the chemical bond (ionic bond/octet rule), Sommerfeld-Kossel displacement law of atomic spectra, the Kossel-Stranski model for crystal growth, and the Kossel... The Kosterlitz-Thouless transition is a special transition seen in the the XY model for interacting spin systems. ... The Kosterlitz-Thouless transition is a special transition seen in the the XY model for interacting spin systems. ... Carpo (kar-poe, IPA: ; Greek Καρπώ), or Jupiter XLVI, is a natural satellite of Jupiter. ... The citric acid cycle (also known as the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the TCA cycle, or the Krebs cycle) is a series of chemical reactions of central importance in all living cells that utilize oxygen as part of cellular respiration. ... Sir Hans Adolf Krebs (August 25, 1900 – November 22, 1981) was a German, later British medical doctor and biochemist. ... B. Adolf Kratzer[1] (October 16, 1893 in Günzburg, Germany – ) was a German theoretical physicist who made contributions to atomic physics and molecular physics, and was an authority on molecular band spectroscopy. ... In mathematics, the Kronecker delta or Kroneckers delta, named after Leopold Kronecker (1823-1891), is a function of two variables, usually integers, which is 1 if they are equal, and 0 otherwise. ... Leopold Kronecker Leopold Kronecker (December 7, 1823 - December 29, 1891) was a German mathematician and logician who argued that arithmetic and analysis must be founded on whole numbers, saying, God made the integers; all else is the work of man (Bell 1986, p. ... Artists rendering of the Kuiper Belt and hypothetical more distant Oort cloud. ... Gerard Kuiper, circa 1963. ... The Kuramoto model, first proposed by Yoshiki Kuramoto (蔵本 由紀 Kuramoto Yoshiki), is a mathematical model for the behavior of a large set of coupled oscillators, and synchronization in general. ... Yoshiki Kuramoto ), is a Japanese physicist in the Nonlinear Dynamics group at Kyoto University. ...

L

• Lagrangian mechanics, Lagrange points — Joseph Louis Lagrange
• Laing-Garrington effect — Robert Laing and Simon Garrington
• Lamb shift (a.k.a. Lamb-Retheford shift) — Willis Lamb (and Robert Retheford)
• Lambert's emission law (a.k.a. Lambert's cosine law) — Johann Heinrich Lambert
• Landau damping, pole — Lev Davidovich Landau
• Landau-Pomeranchuk effect — see Pomeranchuk effect, below
• Landau-Zener transition — Lev Davidovich Landau and Clarence Zener
• Landé g-factor — Alfred Landé
• Lange's nerve — W. Lange
• Langmuir-Blodgett film — Irving Langmuir and Katherine Burr Blodgett
• Larmor frequency, precession, radius — Sir Joseph Larmor
• Larsen effect — Soren Larsen
• Laspeyres index — Ernst Louis Etienne Laspeyres
• Leavitt's law (a.k.a. Henrietta's law) — Henrietta Swann Leavitt
• Le Chatelier's principle — Henri Louis Le Chatelier
• Leduc-Righi effect (a.k.a. Righi-Leduc effect) — S. Leduc and Augusto Righi
• Leidenfrost effect, point — Johann Gottlob Leidenfrost
• Lenard effect — Philipp Eduard Anton von Lenard
• Lennard-Jones potential — John Lennard-Jones
• Lense-Thirring effect (a.k.a. Thirring effect) — Josef Lense and Hans Thirring
• Lenz's law — Heinrich Friedrich Emil Lenz
• Lenz-Ising model — see Ising model, above
• Levi-Civita symbol — Tullio Levi-Civita
• Little-Parks effect — W. A. Little and R. D. Parks
• Littlewood-Offord problem — John E. Littlewood and A. Cyril Offord
• Lohmann-Ruchti effect — Martin Lohmann and Hans Ruchti
• Lomonosov effect — Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov
• London force — Fritz London
• Lorentz force, transformation — Hendrik Antoon Lorentz
• Lorentz-Lorenz equation — Hendrik Antoon Lorentz and Ludvig Lorenz
• Lorenz attractor — Edward Norton Lorenz
• Lorenz curve — Max O. Lorenz
• Lorenz gauge condition — Ludvig Lorenz
• Lorenz-Mie scattering — see Mie scattering, below
• Lorenzini's ampullae — Stefano Lorenzini
• Loschmidt's paradox — Johann Loschmidt
• Lossev effect — O. V. Lossev
• Lotka-Volterra equation — Alfred J. Lotka and Vito Volterra
• Love waves — Augustus Edward Hough Love
• Lucas critique — Robert Lucas
• Ludwig's nerve — Hubert Ludwig
• Lyapunov's central limit theorem, condition, Lyapunov equation, exponent, fractal, function, stability, test, time, tube — Aleksandr Mikhailovich Lyapunov
• Lyman line, series — Theodore Lyman
• Lyman-Birge-Hopfield bands (a.k.a. Birge-Hopfield bands) — Theodore Lyman, Raymond T. Birge, and John J. Hopfield

Lagrangian mechanics is a re-formulation of classical mechanics introduced by Joseph Louis Lagrange in 1788. ... In celestial mechanics, the Lagrangian points, (also Lagrange point, L-point, or libration point) are the five stationary solutions of the circular restricted three-body problem. ... Joseph-Louis Lagrange, comte de lEmpire (January 25, 1736 – April 10, 1813; b. ... In physics, the Lamb shift, named after Willis Lamb, is a small difference in energy between two energy levels and of the hydrogen atom in quantum mechanics. ... Willis Eugene Lamb, Junior (b. ... Johann Heinrich Lambert Johann Heinrich Lambert (August 26, 1728 &#8211; September 25, 1777), was a mathematician, physicist and astronomer. ... In physics, Landau damping, named after its discoverer, the eminent Russian physicist Lev Davidovich Landau, is the effect of damping (exponential decrease as a function of time) of longitudinal space charge waves in plasma or a similar environment. ... Lev Davidovich Landau (Ле́в Дави́дович Ланда́у) (January 22, 1908 – April 1, 1968) was a prominent Soviet physicist and winner of the Nobel Prize for Physics whose broad field of work included the theory of superconductivity and superfluidity, quantum electrodynamics, nuclear physics and particle physics. ... The phrase Landau-Zener transition refers to the following general problem in quantum dynamics, which was first solved by Landau and Zener in 1932. ... Lev Davidovich Landau (Ле́в Дави́дович Ланда́у) (January 22, 1908 – April 1, 1968) was a prominent Soviet physicist and winner of the Nobel Prize for Physics whose broad field of work included the theory of superconductivity and superfluidity, quantum electrodynamics, nuclear physics and particle physics. ... Clarence Melvin Zener (December 1, 1905 _ July 15, 1993) was the American physicist who first described the electrical property exploited by the Zener diode, which Bell Labs then named after him. ... In physics, the Landé g-factor, , relates the magnetic dipole moment to the angular momentum of a quantum state. ... Alfred Landé was a German physicist (1888-1976) known for his contributions to Quantum Theory. ... A Langmuir-Blodgett film contains of one or more monolayers of an organic material, deposited from the surface of a liquid onto a solid by immersing (or emersing) the solid substrate into (or from) the liquid. ... Irving Langmuir at home (c. ... In physics, Larmor precession, named after Joseph Larmor refers to the precession of the magnetic moments of electrons, atomic nuclei, and atoms around the direction of an external magnetic field. ... Larmor precession refers to the precession of the magnetic moments of electrons or atomic nucleii in atoms around the direction of an external magnetic field. ... The gyroradius (also known as radius of gyration or cyclotron radius) defines the radius of the circular motion of a charged particle in the presence of a magnetic field. ... Sir Joseph Larmor (July 11, 1857 - May 19, 1942), an Irish physicist, mathematician and politician, researched electricity, dynamics, and thermodynamics. ... Audio feedback (also known as the Larsen effect after the Danish scientist, Søren Larsen, who first discovered its principles) is a special kind of feedback which occurs when a sound loop exists between an audio input (for example, a microphone or guitar pickup) and an audio output (for example... Søren Larsen at Schalke 04. ... A price index is any single number calculated from an array of prices and quantities over a period. ... Cepheid in the Spiral Galaxy M100 A Cepheid variable or Cepheid is a member of a particular class of variable stars, notable for a fairly tight correlation between their period of variability and absolute luminosity. ... Cepheid in the Spiral Galaxy M100 A Cepheid variable or Cepheid is a member of a particular class of variable stars, notable for a fairly tight correlation between their period of variability and absolute luminosity. ... In chemistry, Le Chateliers principle can be used to predict the effect of a change in conditions on a chemical equilibrium. ... Henri Louis Le Chatelier (Paris, October 8, 1850 - Miribel-les-Echelles September 17, 1936) was an influential French chemist of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. ... A temperature gradient in the x direction gives rise to a heat flow in the y direction and vice versa. ... Augusto Righi (August 27, 1850-June 8, 1920) was an Italian physicist and pioneer of the study of electromagnetism. ... The Leidenfrost effect is the phenomenon in which a liquid in near contact with a mass hotter than the liquids Leidenfrost point, which is higher than its boiling point, produces an insulating vapor layer which keeps it from boiling rapidly. ... The Leidenfrost effect is a phenomenon in which a liquid, in near contact with a mass significantly hotter than its boiling point, produces an insulating vapor layer which keeps that liquid from boiling rapidly. ... Johann Gottlob Leidenfrost (November 27, 1715 - December 2, 1794) was a German doctor and theologian who first described the scientific phenomenon eponymously named the Leidenfrost effect. ... Philipp Eduard Anton von Lénárd (June 7, 1862 in Preßburg, Austria-Hungary (today Bratislava, Slovakia)–May 20, 1947 in Messelhausen, Germany) was a Hungarian-German physicist and the winner of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1905 for his research on cathode rays and the discovery of... Philipp Eduard Anton von Lenard (born in Bratislava on June 7, 1862 &#8211; died May 20, 1947 in Messelhausen) was a physicist and the winner of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1905 for his research on cathode rays and the discovery of many of their properties. ... Neutral atoms and molecules are subject to two distinct forces in the limit of large distance, and short distance: an attractive van der Waals force, or dispersion force, at long ranges, and a repulsion force, the result of overlapping electron orbitals, referred to as Pauli repulsion (from Pauli exclusion principle). ... John Edward Lennard-Jones (October 27, 1894 - November 1, 1954) was a mathematician who held a chair of theoretical physics at Bristol University, and then a chair of theoretical science at Cambridge University. ... According to Albert Einsteins theory of general relativity, space and time get pulled out of shape near a rotating body in a phenomenon referred to as frame-dragging. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Hans Thirring (March 23, 1888 - March 22, 1976) was an Austrian theoretical physicist and father of the physicist Walter Thirring. ... Lenzs law (pronounced (IPA) ) was formulated by German physicist Heinrich Lenz in 1833 and gives the direction of the induced electromotive force (emf) resulting from electromagnetic induction. ... Heinrich Friedrich Emil Lenz (February 12, 1804 - February 10, 1865) was a Baltic German physicist most famous for formulating Lenzs law in 1833. ... The Ising model, named after the physicist Ernst Ising, is a mathematical model in statistical mechanics. ... The Levi-Civita symbol, also called the permutation symbol or antisymmetric symbol, is a mathematical symbol used in particular in tensor calculus. ... Tullio Levi-Civita. ... The Little-Parks effect [1] was discovered in 1962 in experiments with empty and thin-walled superconducting cylinders subjected to a parallel magnetic field. ... In mathematics, the Littlewood-Offord problem is the combinatorial question in geometry of describing usefully the distribution of the subsums made out of vectors v1, v2, ..., vn, taken from a given Euclidean space of fixed dimension d ≥ 1. ... John Edensor Littlewood (9 June 1885 – 6 September 1977) was a British mathematician, best known for his long collaboration with G. H. Hardy // Littlewood was born in Rochester in Kent. ... Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov (&#1052;&#1080;&#1093;&#1072;&#1080;&#769;&#1083; &#1042;&#1072;&#1089;&#1080;&#769;&#1083;&#1100;&#1077;&#1074;&#1080;&#1095; &#1051;&#1086;&#1084;&#1086;&#1085;&#1086;&#769;&#1089;&#1086;&#1074;) (November 19 (November 8, Old Style), 1711 &#8211; April 15 (April 4, Old Style), 1765) was... The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ... Fritz Wolfgang London (March 7, 1900–March 30, 1954) was a German-born American physicist for whom the London force is named. ... In physics, the Lorentz force is the force exerted on a charged particle in an electromagnetic field. ... A Lorentz transformation (LT) is a linear transformation that preserves the spacetime interval between any two events in Minkowski space, while leaving the origin fixed (=rotation of Minkowski space). ... Hendrik Antoon Lorentz (July 18, 1853, Arnhem &#8211; February 4, 1928, Haarlem) was a Dutch physicist and the winner of the 1902 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on electromagnetic radiation. ... The Lorentz-Lorenz equation, also known as the Clausius-Mossotti equation and the Maxwell equation, relates the refractive index of a dilute gas to its temperature, pressure, and molar refractivity. ... Hendrik Antoon Lorentz (July 18, 1853, Arnhem &#8211; February 4, 1928, Haarlem) was a Dutch physicist and the winner of the 1902 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on electromagnetic radiation. ... Ludvig Valentin Lorenz (1829 - 1891) was a Danish mathematician and physicist. ... A plot of the trajectory Lorenz system for values ρ=28, σ = 10, β = 8/3 A trajectory of Lorenzs equations, rendered as a metal wire to show direction and three-dimensional structure The Lorenz attractor is a chaotic map, noted for its butterfly shape. ... Dr. Lorenz at work Edward Norton Lorenz is an American mathematician and meteorologist, and a contributor to the chaos theory and inventor of the strange attractor notion. ... The Lorenz curve is a graphical representation of the cumulative distribution function of a probability distribution; it is a graph showing the proportion of the distribution assumed by the bottom y% of the values. ... Max Otto Lorenz (1880 – 1962) was an American economist who developed the Lorenz curve in 1905 to describe income inequalities. ... The Lorenz gauge (or Lorenz gauge condition) was published by the Danish physicist Ludwig Lorenz. ... Ludvig Valentin Lorenz (1829 - 1891) was a Danish mathematician and physicist. ... The Mie theory also called Lorenz-Mie theory is a complete mathematical-physical theory of the scattering of electromagnetic radiation by spherical particles, developed by Gustav Mie in 1908. ... Loschmidts paradox states that if there is a motion of a system that leads to a steady decrease of H (increase of entropy) with time, then there is certainly another allowed state of motion of the system, found by time reversal, in which H must increase. ... Johann Josef Loschmidt (March 15, 1821 - July 8, 1895) was an Austrian physicist and chemist. ... The Lotka-Volterra equations, also known as the predator-prey equations, are a pair of first order, non-linear, differential equations frequently used to describe the dynamics of biological systems in which two species interact, one a predator and one its prey. ... Alfred James Lotka (March 2, 1880 - December 5, 1949) was a US mathematician and statistician, most famous for his work in population dynamics. ... Vito Volterra (May 3, 1860 - October 11, 1940) was an Italian mathematician and physicist, best known for his contributions to mathematical biology. ... Love waves (also named Q waves) are surface seismic waves that cause horizontal shifting of the earth during an earthquake. ... Augustus Edward Hough Love (17 April 1863 in Weston-super-Mare - 5 June 1940 in Oxford) was a mathematician famous for his work on the mathematical theory of elasticity. ... According to the Lucas Critique, prediction based on historical data would be invalid if some policy change alters the relationship between relevant variables (such as private agents rational expectations of inflation). ... Robert Lucas (April 1, 1781 &#8211; February 7, 1853) was the 12th governor of Ohio from 1832 to 1836. ... In probability theory, Lyapunovs central limit theorem is one of the variants of the central limit theorems. ... In control theory, the discrete Lyapunov equation is a system of the form where is a hermitian matrix. ... The Lyapunov exponent or Lyapunov characteristic exponent of a dynamical system is a quantity that characterizes the rate of separation of infinitesimally close trajectories. ... Standard Lyapunov logistic fractal with iteration sequence AB Generalized Lyapunov logistic fractal with iteration sequence AABAB In mathematics Lyapunov fractals (also known as Markus-Lyapunov fractals) are bifurcational fractals derived from an extension of the logistic map in which the degree of the growth of the population, r, periodically switches... In the theory of dynamical systems, and control theory, Lyapunov functions, named after Aleksandr Mikhailovich Lyapunov, are a family of functions that can be used to demonstrate the stability of some state points of a system. ... In mathematics, the notion of Lyapunov stability occurs in the study of dynamical systems. ... This article needs cleanup. ... Categories: Wikipedia cleanup | Stub | Dynamical systems ... Artists concept of the Interplanetary Superhighway The Interplanetary Superhighway has come to denote a set of transfer orbits between various planets and moons in the solar system. ... Aleksandr Mikhailovich Lyapunov (&#1040;&#1083;&#1077;&#1082;&#1089;&#1072;&#1085;&#1076;&#1088; &#1052;&#1080;&#1093;&#1072;&#1081;&#1083;&#1086;&#1074;&#1080;&#1095; &#1051;&#1103;&#1087;&#1091;&#1085;&#1086;&#1074;) (June 6, 1857 - November 3, 1918, all new style) was a Russian mathematician, mechanician and physicist. ... In physics, the Lyman series is the series of transitions and resulting emission lines of the hydrogen atom as an electron goes from n ≥ 2 to n = 1 (where n is the principal quantum number referring to the energy level of the electron). ... The Lyman series is the series of transitions and resulting emission lines of the hydrogen atom as an electron goes from n ≥ 2 to n = 1 (where n is the principal quantum number referring to the energy level of the electron). ... Theodore Lyman (1874 - 1954) was a U.S. physicist and spectroscopist. ... Theodore Lyman (1874 - 1954) was a U.S. physicist and spectroscopist. ... Raymond Thayer Birge (March 13, 1887 - March 22, 1980) was a physicist. ...

M

• Mach band/effect, number, principle — Ernst Mach
• Mach-Zehnder interferometer — Ernst Mach and Ludwig Zehnder
• Madelung constant, Madelung energy — Erwin Madelung
• Maggi-Righi-Leduc effect — Gian Antonio Maggi, Augusto Righi and S. Leduc
• Magnus effect — Heinrich Gustav Magnus
• Mahler measure, Mahler's theorem — Kurt Mahler
• Malmquist bias, effect — Karl Gunnar Malmquist
• Malus' law — Étienne-Louis Malus
• Malthusian parameter — named by Ronald Fisher as a criticism of Thomas Robert Malthus
• Malthusian catastrophe, growth model — Thomas Robert Malthus
• Mandel'shtam-Brillouin scattering — Leonid Isaakovich Mandel'shtam and Léon Brillouin
• Marangoni cell/convection (a.k.a. Bénard-Marangoni convection) — see Bénard-Marangoni cell/convection, above
• Marangoni effect (a.k.a. Gibbs-Marangoni effect) — see Gibbs-Marangoni effect, above
• Marilyn Monroe effect — Marilyn Monroe
• Markov's inequality, chain, partition, Markovian process — Andrey Markov
• Mathieu functions — Émile Léonard Mathieu
• Matilda effect — Matilda Joslyn Gage
• Matthew effect — Matthew the Evangelist
• Maxwell effect (optics) — James Clark Maxwell
• Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution — James Clark Maxwell and Ludwig Boltzmann
• Maxwell-Wagner effect (a.k.a. Maxwell effect (electricity)) — James Clark Maxwell and K. W. Wagner(?)
• Maxwell-Wien bridge — James Clark Maxwell(?) and Wilhelm Wien
• McCollough effect — Celeste McCollough
• McCulloch-Pitts neuron — Warren McCulloch and Walter Pitts
• McGurk effect (a.k.a. McGurk-MacDonald effect) — Harry McGurk (and John MacDonald
• Meissner effect (a.k.a. Meissner-Ochsenfeld effect) — Walter Meissner (and Robert Ochsenfeld)
• Mercalli intensity scale (Modified Mercalli scale) — Giuseppe Mercalli
• Metonic cycle — Meton of Athens
• Mie scattering (a.k.a. Lorenz-Mie scattering) — Gustav Mie (and Ludvig Lorenz)
• Miha(ilescu's theorem (a.k.a. Catalan's conjecture) — Preda Miha(ilescu
• Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein effect — Stanislav Mikheyev, Alexei Smirnov, and Lincoln Wolfenstein
• Miller effect — John "Doe" Miller
• Miller indices (a.k.a. Miller-Bravais indices) — William Hallowes Miller (and Auguste Bravais)
• Misznay-Schardin effect — Col. Misznay[1] and Hubert Schardin
• Mögel-Dellinger effect — see Dellinger effect, above
• Mohorovic(ic' discontinuity (Moho) — Andrija Mohorovic(ic'
• Mohr's circle — Christian Otto Mohr
• Mohr-Coulomb theory — Christian Otto Mohr and Charles-Augustin de Coulomb
• Morgan unit — Thomas Hunt Morgan
• Morse potential — Philip M. Morse
• Mössbauer effect — Rudolf Mössbauer
• Mott cross-section, insulator, transition — Nevill Francis Mott
• Mpemba effect — Erasto B. Mpemba
• Mullerian mimicry — Fritz Müller
• Munroe effect — Charles Edward Munroe
• Murphy's law — Maj. Edward A. Murphy, Jr.
• Murty interferometer — Murty V. Mantravadi

A Mach band is an optical illusion, named after Ernst Mach. ... An F/A-18 Hornet breaking the sound barrier. ... In theoretical physics, particularly in discussions of gravitation theories, Machs principle is the name given by Einstein to a vague hypothesis first supported by the physicist and philosopher Ernst Mach. ... Ernst Mach Ernst Mach (February 18, 1838 – February 19, 1916) was an Austrian-Czech physicist and philosopher and is the namesake for the Mach number and the optical illusion known as Mach bands. ... The Mach-Zehnder interferometer is used to determine the phase shift caused by a small sample which is to be placed into one of the two beams D and U, respectively, from a coherent light source. ... Ernst Mach Ernst Mach (February 18, 1838 – February 19, 1916) was an Austrian-Czech physicist and philosopher and is the namesake for the Mach number and the optical illusion known as Mach bands. ... The Madelung constant is used in determining the energy of a single ion in a crystal. ... A phenomenon in which the thermal conductivity of a conductor changes when it is placed in a magnetic field. ... Augusto Righi (August 27, 1850-June 8, 1920) was an Italian physicist and pioneer of the study of electromagnetism. ... An image illustrating the Magnus effect on a ball The Magnus effect is the name given to the physical phenomenon whereby an objects rotation affects its path through a fluid, in particular, air. ... Heinrich Gustav Magnus (May 2, 1802 - April 4, 1870) was a German chemist and physicist. ... In mathematics, the Mahler measure of a polynomial p is Here p is assumed complex-valued and is the l&#945; norm of p. ... In the notation of combinatorialists, which conflicts with that used in the theory of special functions, the Pochhammer symbol denotes the falling factorial: Denote by Δ the forward difference operator defined by Then we have so that the relationship between the operator Δ and this polynomial sequence is much like that between... Kurt Mahler is a British mathematician and a Fellow of the Royal Society. ... The Malmquist bias is a selection effect in observational astronomy. ... Karl Gunnar Malmquist (21 February 1893 – 27 June 1982) was a Swedish astronomer. ... A polarizer is a device that converts an unpolarized or mixed-polarization beam of electromagnetic waves (e. ... Etienne-Louis Malus Etienne-Louis Malus (July 23, 1775 – February 24, 1812) was a French officer, engineer, physicist, and mathematician. ... Sir Ronald Fisher Sir Ronald Aylmer Fisher, FRS (17 February 1890 – 29 July 1962) was a British eugenicist, evolutionary biologist, geneticist and statistician. ... Sir Ronald Aylmer Fisher, FRS (17 February 1890 – 29 July 1962) was a British statistician, evolutionary biologist, and geneticist. ... The Rev. ... A Malthusian catastrophe, sometimes known as a Malthusian check, Malthusian crisis, Malthusian dilemma, Malthusian disaster, Malthusian trap, or Malthusian limit is a return to subsistence-level conditions as a result of agricultural (or, in later formulations, economic) production being eventually outstripped by growth in population. ... The Malthusian growth model, sometimes called the simple exponential growth model, is essentially exponential growth based on a constant rate of compound interest. ... The Rev. ... Leonid Isaakovich Mandelshtam (Леонид Исаакович Мандельштам, last name more often spelled as Mandelstam) (May 4, 1879 - November 27, 1944) was a Russian/Soviet physicist of Jewish background. ... Léon N. Brillouin (August 7, 1889-1969) was a French physicist. ... Bénard cells are convection cells that appear spontaneously in a liquid layer when heat is applied from below. ... Bénard cells are convection cells that appear spontaneously in a liquid layer when heat is applied from below. ... The Marangoni-Effect is the mass transfer on, or in, a liquid layer due to surface tension differences. ... The Marangoni effect (sometimes also called the Gibbs-Marangoni effect) is the mass transfer on, or in, a liquid layer due to surface tension differences. ... The Marangoni effect (sometimes also called the Gibbs-Marangoni effect) is the mass transfer on, or in, a liquid layer due to surface tension differences. ... Marilyn Monroe (born Norma Jeane Mortenson on June 1, 1926 – August 5, 1962), was a Golden Globe Award-winning American actress, singer, model and pop icon. ... In probability theory, Markovs inequality gives an upper bound for the probability that a non-negative function of a random variable is greater than or equal to some positive constant. ... In mathematics, a Markov chain, named after Andrey Markov, is a discrete-time stochastic process with the Markov property. ... In probability theory, a stochastic process has the Markov property if the conditional probability distribution of future states of the process, given the present state, depends only upon the current state, i. ... Andrey (Andrei) Andreyevich Markov (Russian: ) (June 14, 1856 N.S. – July 20, 1922) was a Russian mathematician. ... In mathematics, the Mathieu functions are certain special functions useful for treating a variety of interesting problems in applied mathematics, including vibrating elliptical drumheads, the phenomenon of parametric resonance in forced oscillators, exact plane wave solutions in general relativity. ... Émile Léonard Mathieu (May 15, 1835, Metz – October 19, 1890, Nancy) was a French mathematician. ... Matilda Electa Joslyn Gage (1826-1898) was a suffragist, a Native American activist, an abolitionist, a freethinker, and a prolific author, who was born with a hatred of oppression. Though born in Cicero, New York, Gage maintained residence in Fayetteville, New York for the majority of her life. ... The Matthew effect may refer to related ideas depending on context: // Biblical Matthew effect alludes to a line spoken by the Master in Jesuss parable of the talents in the Christian Bible: For unto every one that hath shall be given, and he shall have abundance: but from him... Matthew the Evangelist (מתי, Gift of the LORD, Standard Hebrew and Tiberian Hebrew: Mattay; Septuagint Greek: Μαθθαιος, Matthaios) is an important Christian figure best known as one of Jesus Twelve Apostles. ... James Clerk Maxwell James Clerk Maxwell (June 13, 1831 - November 5, 1879) was a Scottish physicist, born in Edinburgh. ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... James Clerk Maxwell James Clerk Maxwell (June 13, 1831 - November 5, 1879) was a Scottish physicist, born in Edinburgh. ... Ludwig Eduard Boltzmann (Vienna, Austrian Empire, February 20, 1844 – Duino near Trieste, September 5, 1906) was an Austrian physicist famous for his founding contributions in the fields of statistical mechanics and statistical thermodynamics. ... James Clerk Maxwell James Clerk Maxwell (June 13, 1831 - November 5, 1879) was a Scottish physicist, born in Edinburgh. ... James Clerk Maxwell James Clerk Maxwell (June 13, 1831 - November 5, 1879) was a Scottish physicist, born in Edinburgh. ... Wilhelm Carl Werner Otto Fritz Franz Wien (January 13, 1864 – August 30, 1928) was a German physicist who, in 1893, used theories about heat and electromagnetism to compose Wiens displacement law, which relates the maximum emission of a blackbody to its temperature. ... The McCollough Effect in Psychophysics is a form-contingent, color aftereffect. ... Celeste McCollough, known since about 1996 as Celeste McCollough Howard is an American scientist who conducts research in human visual perception. ... The perceptron is a type of artificial neural network invented in 1957 at the Cornell Aeronautical Laboratory by Frank Rosenblatt. ... Warren McCulloch (November 16, 1899 - September 24, 1969) was an American neurophysiologist and cybernetician. ... Walter Pitts (1923? - 1969) was a logician who worked in the field of cognitive psychology. ... The McGurk effect is a perceptual phenomenon which demonstrates an interaction between hearing and vision in speech perception. ... The McGurk effect is a perceptual phenomenon which demonstrates an interaction between hearing and vision in speech perception. ... JOHN ROY MACDONALD was born 1948 in Gimli, Manitoba, Canada. ... Meissner effect Diagram of the Meissner effect. ... Walter Meißner was born in Berlin in 1882, where he studied machine construction and physics, promoting with Max Planck. ... Robert Ochsenfeld was a German physicist born on 18 May 1901 in Helberhausen. ... The Mercalli intensity scale is a scale used for measuring the intensity of earthquake. ... Giuseppe Mercalli (born May 21, 1850) was an Italian volcanologist. ... The Metonic cycle or Enneadecaeteris in astronomy and calendar studies is a particular approximate common multiple of the year (specifically, the seasonal tropical year) and the synodic month. ... Meton of Athens was a Greek mathematician, astronomer, geometer, and engineer who lived in Athens in the 5th century BCE. He is best known for the 19-year Metonic cycle which he introduced in 432 BCE into the lunisolar Attic calendar as a method of calculating dates. ... The Mie theory also called Lorenz-Mie theory is a complete mathematical-physical theory of the scattering of electromagnetic radiation by spherical particles, developed by Gustav Mie in 1908. ... Gustav Mie (September 29, 1869 Rostock – February 13, 1957 Freiburg im Breisgau) was a German physicist. ... Ludvig Valentin Lorenz (1829 - 1891) was a Danish mathematician and physicist. ... Catalans conjecture is a simple conjecture in number theory that was proposed by the mathematician Eugène Charles Catalan. ... The Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein effect (often referred to as matter effect) is a particle physics process which can act to modify neutrino oscillations in matter. ... This page may meet Wikipedia’s criteria for speedy deletion. ... Lincoln Wolfenstein is an American particle physicist who studies the weak interaction. ... In electronics, the Miller effect describes the fact that a capacitance between input and output of an amplifier is multiplied by (with is the voltage gain) in a electrical circuit. ... Many men have the name John Miller, including: John A. Miller (1847-1941), an amusement park entrepreneur John Miller, the co-host of 20/20 John Miller, false Billy the Kid John Miller, member of the United States House of Representatives 1985-1993 John Franklin Miller (Washington), member of the... In geometry, a Miller index is used to describe sets of planes in a crystal. ... Examples of directions Miller indices are a notation used to describe lattice planes and directions in a crystal. ... William Hallowes Miller (April 6, 1801 - May 20, 1880), British mineralogist and crystallographer, was born at Velindre near Llandovery, Carmarthenshire. ... Auguste Bravais (c. ... The Misznay-Schardin effect is a characteristic of the detonation of a broad sheet of explosive. ... Dellinger effect is a fadeout of short-wave radios, caused by inceased ionization of the D region of the ionosphere due to solar flares. ... Figure 1  Stress tensor A mature tree trunk may support a greater force than a fine steel wire but intuitively we feel that steel is stronger than wood. ... Christian Otto Mohr Christian Otto Mohr (October 8, 1835 - October 2, 1918) was a German civil engineer, one of the most celebrated of the nineteenth century. ... Mohr-Coulomb Theory is a mathematical model describing the response of rubble piles to the shear forces produced by gravity. ... Christian Otto Mohr Christian Otto Mohr (October 8, 1835 - October 2, 1918) was a German civil engineer, one of the most celebrated of the nineteenth century. ... Portrait of Coulomb Charles Augustin Coulomb (June 14, 1736 – August 23, 1806) was a French physicist. ... In genetics, a centimorgan (abbreviated cM) is a unit of recombinant frequency. ... Thomas Hunt Morgan (September 25, 1866 – December 4, 1945) was an American geneticist and embryologist. ... The Morse potential (blue) and harmonic oscillator potential (green). ... Full name : Philip McCord Morse Founding ORSA President (1952) B.S. Physics, 1926, Case Institute; Ph. ... The Mössbauer effect, a physical phenomenon discovered by Rudolf Mössbauer in 1957, refers to the resonant and recoil-free emission and absorption of gamma rays by atoms bound in a solid form. ... Rudolf Ludwig Mössbauer (born January 31, 1929) is a German physicist who studied gamma rays from nuclear transitions. ... A Mott Insulator is a metal that naturally does not conduct electricity, however under certain conditions the metal can be made to conduct electricity. ... Sir Nevill Francis Mott (September 30, 1905 – August 8, 1996) was a British physicist. ... The Mpemba effect is the observation that, in some specific circumstances, hotter water freezes faster than colder water. ... The Mpemba effect is the observation that, in some specific circumstances, hotter water freezes faster than colder water. ... A mimic is any species that has evolved to appear similar to another successful species in order to dupe predators into avoiding the mimic, or dupe prey into approaching the mimic. ... Fritz Müller Johann Friedrich Theodor Müller (March 31, 1821–May 21, 1897) was a German biologist who emigrated to Brazil, where he studied the natural history of the Amazon Rainforest and was an early advocate of evolutionary theory. ... The Munroe effect refers to the partial focusing of blast energy caused by a hollow or void cut into a piece of explosive, a property which is exploited by a shaped charge. ... Charles Edward Munroe (24 May 1849 - 1938) was a U.S. chemist, and discoverer of the Munroe effect. ... Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Murphys law It has been suggested that Murphys laws of combat be merged into this article or section. ... Murphys law is a popular adage in Western culture, which broadly states that things will go wrong in any given situation. ...

N

• Nambu-Goldstone boson (a.k.a. Goldstone boson) — Yoichiro Nambu and Jeffrey Goldstone
• Nash equilibrium — John Forbes Nash
• Nassi-Shneiderman diagram — Isaac Nassi and Ben Shneiderman
• Necker cube — Louis Albert Necker
• Néel temperature — Louis Néel
• Nernst equation — Walther Hermann Nernst
• Nernst-Ettingshausen effect — Walther Hermann Nernst and Albert von Ettingshausen
• Newcomb's paradox — William Newcomb
• Newton's rings, Newtonian constant, mechanics — Isaac Newton
• Nichols-Tolman effect — Nichols and Richard Chace Tolman
• Nordmann-Tikhoff effect — Charles Nordmann and Gavriil Adrianovich Tikhov
• Nordtvedt effect — Kenneth L. Nordtvedt

It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Goldstones theorem. ... In particle and condensed matter physics, Goldstone bosons (also known as Nambu-Goldstone bosons) are bosons that appear in models with spontaneously broken symmetry. ... Yoichiro Nambu (1921–) is a Japanese-born American physicist. ... Jeffrey Goldstone is a theoretical physicist and an emeritus physics faculty at MIT. He was educated at the Cambridge University. ... In game theory, the Nash equilibrium (named after John Forbes Nash, who proposed it) is a kind of solution concept of a game involving two or more players, where no player has anything to gain by changing only his or her own strategy unilaterally. ... This article does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... A Nassi-Shneiderman diagram is a graphical design representation for structured programming. ... Isaac Ike Nassi was the director of engineering at Cisco Systems and a senior vice president at Apple Computer and one of the founders of Encore Computer Corporation. ... Ben Shneiderman (born August 21, 1947) is an American computer scientist. ... The Necker Cube is an optical illusion first published in 1832 by Swiss crystallographer Louis Albert Necker. ... Louis Albert Necker, (April 10, 1786 – November 20, 1861), was a Swiss crystallographer. ... ... Louis Néel (November 22, 1904 - November 14, 2000) is the Nobel Laureate in Physics of 1970. ... In electrochemistry, the Nernst equation gives the electrode potential (E), relative to the standard electrode potential, (E0), of the electrode couple or, equivalently, of the half cells of a battery. ... Walther Nernst. ... In physics and chemistry, the Nernst Effect (also termed first Nernst-Ettingshausen effect, which is again frequently misspelled Nernst-Ettinghausen effect) is a thermoelectric (or thermomagnetic) phenomenon observed when a sample allowing electrical conduction is subjected to a magnetic field and a temperature gradient normal to each other. ... Walther Nernst. ... This article or section may contain original research or unverified claims. ... William Newcomb, a professor at the University of Californias Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, is best known as the creator of Newcombs paradox. ... Newtons rings (created by green monochromatic light) The phenomenon of Newtons rings, named after Isaac Newton, is an interference pattern caused by the reflection of light between two surfaces - a spherical surface and an adjacent flat surface. ... According to the law of universal gravitation, the attractive force between two bodies is proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Classical mechanics. ... Sir Isaac Newton, (4 January 1643 – 31 March 1727) [ OS: 25 December 1642 – 20 March 1727][1] was an English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, and alchemist, regarded by many as the greatest figure in the history of science. ... ... Gavriil Adrianovich Tikhov (May 1, 1875– 1960) was a Russian astronomer. ... In theoretical astrophysics, the Nordtvedt Effect refers to the relative motion between the Earth and the Moon which would be observed if the graviational self-energy of a body contributes to its gravitational mass but not its inertial mass. ... Dr. Ken Nordtvedt is a professor in the Physics Department at Montana State University & senior researcher specializing in relativistic theories of gravity. ...

O

• O'Connell effect — Daniel Joseph Kelly O'Connell
• Olbers' paradox — Heinrich Wilhelm Olbers
• Ohm's law — Georg Ohm
• Okun's law — Arthur Okun
• Omori's law — Fusakichi Omori
• Onnes effect — Heike Kamerlingh Onnes
• Oort cloud (a.k.a. Öpik-Oort Cloud) — Jan Hendrik Oort (and Ernst Julius Öpik)
• Ostwald's dilution law, Ostwald process — Friedrich Wilhelm Ostwald
• Overhauser effect — Albert Overhauser
• Ovshinsky effect — Stanford R. Ovshinsky

Olbers paradox, described by the German astronomer Heinrich Wilhelm Olbers in 1826 and earlier by Johannes Kepler in 1610 and Halley and Cheseaux in the 18th century, is the paradoxical observation that the night sky is dark, when in a static infinite universe the night sky ought to be bright. ... Categories: Astronomers stubs | 1758 births | 1840 deaths | German astronomers | German physicists | Lists of asteroids ... For the phase law, see Ohms Phase Law. ... Georg Simon Ohm, (March 16, 1789 Erlangen, Germany - July 6, 1854, Munich) a German physicist, was born in Erlangen and educated at the university there. ... In economics, Okuns Law, named after economist Arthur Okun, describes a relationship between the change in the rate of unemployment and the difference between actual and potential real GDP. In the United States during the period since 1965 or so, Okuns Law can be stated as saying that... Arthur Melvin Okun (1928 - 1980) was a U.S. economist. ... Helium II will creep along surfaces in order to find its own level - after a short while, the levels in the two containers will equalize. ... Heike Kamerlingh Onnes (September 21, 1853 – February 21, 1926) was a Dutch physicist. ... This image is an artists rendering of the Oort cloud and the Kuiper Belt. ... This image is an artists rendering of the Oort cloud and the Kuiper Belt. ... Jan Hendrik Oort (April 28, 1900 &#8211; November 5, 1992) was an internationally famous Dutch astronomer. ... Ernst Julius Öpik Ernst Julius Öpik (October 23, 1893 – September 10, 1985) was a notable Estonian astronomer and astrophysicist, who spent the last part of his career (1948–1981) at the Armagh Observatory in Northern Ireland. ... Wilhelm Ostwald’s dilution law is a relationship between the dissociation constant and the degree of dissociation of a weak electrolyte (acids, bases). ... The Ostwald process is chemical process for producing nitric acid, which was developed by Wilhelm Ostwald (patented 1902). ... Friedrich Wilhelm Ostwald (commonly just Wilhelm Ostwald) (September 2, 1853 - April 4, 1932) was a German chemist. ... The transfer of spin polarization from one spin population to another is generally called Overhauser Effect, after American physicist Albert Overhauser who hypothesized it in the early 1950s. ... Albert W. Overhauser (born August 17, 1925 in San Diego, California) is an American physicist and member of the National Academy of Sciences. ... Stanford R. Ovshinsky (1923- ) is a self-taught Jewish American-Lithuanian engineer, inventor, and physicist. ...

P

• Pareto chart, distribution, efficiency, index, principle — Vilfredo Federico Damaso Pareto
• Paschen curve, line, law — Friedrich Paschen
• Paschen-Back effect — Friedrich Paschen and Ernst Back
• Pasteur effect — Louis Pasteur
• Pauli exclusion principle — Wolfgang Pauli
• Peano curve — Giuseppe Peano
• Pearson-Anson effect — S. O. Pearson and H. St. G. Anson
• Péclet number — Jean Claude Eugène Péclet
• Peltier effect — Jean Charles Athanase Peltier
• Perron-Frobenius theorem — Oskar Perron, and Ferdinand Georg Frobenius
• Petkau effect — Abram Petkau
• Petri net — Carl Adam Petri
• Peyer's patches — Hans Conrad Peyer
• Pfund line, series — August Herman Pfund
• Phillips curve — William Phillips (economist)
• Pigou effect — Arthur Cecil Pigou
• Pioneer effect — Pioneer 10 and 11 space probes
• Pisot-Vijayaraghavan number — Charles Pisot and Tirukkannapuram Vijayaraghavan
• Planck constant, length, mass, time — Max Planck
• Platonic year — Plato
• Pockels effect — Friedrich Carl Alwin Pockels
• Pogson ratio — Norman Robert Pogson
• Poincaré map, section — Jules-Henri Poincaré
• Poincaré-Bendixson theorem — Jules-Henri Poincaré and Ivar Otto Bendixson
• Poinsot spiral — Louis Poinsot
• Polian vesicles — Giuseppe Saverio Poli
• Pomeranchuk effect (a.k.a. Landau-Pomeranchuk effect) — Isaak Pomeranchuk (and Lev Davidovich Landau)
• Potts cluster, model (a.k.a. Ashkin-Teller model) — Renfrey B. Potts
• Pourbaix diagram — Marcel Pourbaix
• Poynting effect, vector — John Henry Poynting
• Poynting-Robertson effect — John Henry Poynting and Howard Percy Robertson
• Prandtl number — Ludwig Prandtl
• Primakov effect — ? Primakov
• Proteus phenomenon — Proteus (mythological god)
• Prouho's membrane — Henri Prouho
• Pulfrich effect — Carl Pulfrich
• Purkinje effect/shift — Johannes Evangelista Purkinje

Pareto Chart A Pareto Chart is a special type of Histogram where the values being plotted are arranged in descending order. ... The Pareto distribution, named after the Italian economist Vilfredo Pareto, is a power law probability distribution found in a large number of real-world situations. ... Pareto efficiency, or Pareto optimality, is an important notion in neoclassical economics with broad applications in game theory, engineering and the social sciences. ... In economics the Pareto index is a measure of the breadth of income distribution. ... The Pareto principle (also known as the 80-20 rule, the law of the vital few and the principle of factor sparsity) states that, for many phenomena, 80% of the consequences stem from 20% of the causes. ... Vilfredo Federico Damaso Pareto [vilfre:do pare:to] (July 15, 1848, Paris – August 19, 1923, Geneva) was a French-Italian sociologist, economist and philosopher. ... This article needs to be wikified. ... Paschens Law, named after Friedrich Paschen, was first stated in 1889. ... Friedrich Paschen (January 22, 1865 - February 25, 1947), was a German 19th century physicist, known for his work on electrical discharges. ... The Paschen-Back effect is the splitting of atomic energy levels in the presence of a strong magnetic field. ... Friedrich Paschen (January 22, 1865 - February 25, 1947), was a German 19th century physicist, known for his work on electrical discharges. ... Pasteur effect is an inhibiting effect of oxygen on fermentation process. ... Louis Pasteur (December 27, 1822 – September 28, 1895) was a French chemist best known for his remarkable breakthroughs in microbiology. ... The Pauli exclusion principle is a quantum mechanical principle formulated by Wolfgang Pauli in 1925. ... This article is about Austrian-Swiss physicist Wolfgang Pauli. ... Intuitively, a continuous curve in the 2-dimensional plane or in the 3-dimensional space can be thought of as the path of a continuously moving point. To eliminate the inherent vagueness of this notion, Jordan in 1887 introduced the following rigorous definition, which has since been adopted as the... Giuseppe Peano Giuseppe Peano (August 27, 1858 – April 20, 1932) was an Italian mathematician and philosopher best known for his contributions to set theory. ... The Pearson-Anson effect, discovered by S. O. Pearson and H. St. ... In physics, the Péclet number is a dimensionless number relating the forced convection of a system to its heat conduction. ... Jean Claude Eugène Péclet (February 10, 1793 - December 6, 1857) was a French physicist. ... The Peltier-Seebeck effect, or thermoelectric effect, is the direct conversion of heat differentials to electric voltage and vice versa. ... Jean Charles Athanase Peltier was a French physicist who was born in Ham (France) in 1785 and died in Paris in 1845. ... In mathematics, the Perron-Frobenius theorem is a theorem in matrix theory about the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a real positive n×n matrix: Let A = (aij) be a real n×n matrix with positive entries . ... Oskar Perron (7 May 1880 – 22 February 1975) was a German mathematician. ... Picture of Frobenius Ferdinand Georg Frobenius (October 26, 1849 - August 3, 1917) was a German mathematician, best-known for his contributions to the theory of differential equations and to group theory. ... The Petkau effect is an early counterexample to linear-effect assumptions usually made about radiation exposure. ... A Petri net is a mathematical representation of discrete distributed systems. ... Carl Adam Petri is a honorary professor at the University of Hamburg. ... Peyers patches are secondary lymphoid organs named after the 17th-century Swiss anatomist Hans Conrad Peyer. ... In physics, the Pfund series is a series of absorption or emission lines of atomic hydrogen. ... This article may be too technical for most readers to understand. ... August Herman Pfund (December 28, 1879 – January 4, 1949), American physicist and spectroscopist. ... Phillips curve The Phillips curve is a historical inverse relation and tradeoff between the rate of unemployment and the rate of inflation in an economy. ... Alban William Phillips (1914 – March, 1975) was an influential economist in the middle of the twentieth century. ... The Pigou effect is an economics term that refers to the stimulation of output & employment caused by increasing consumption due to a rise in real balances of wealth, particularly during deflation Wealth was defined by Pigou as the sum of the money supply and government bonds divided by the price... Arthur Cecil Pigou (November 18, 1877 – March 7, 1959) was an English economist, known for his work in many fields and particularly in welfare economics. ... The Pioneer anomaly or Pioneer effect refers to the observed deviation from expectations of the trajectories of various unmanned spacecraft visiting the outer Solar system, notably Pioneer 10 and 11. ... Pioneer 10 was the first spacecraft to travel through the asteroid belt, and was the first spacecraft to make direct observations of Jupiter. ... Position of Pioneer 10 and 11 Pioneer 11 was the second mission to investigate Jupiter and the outer solar system and the first to explore the planet Saturn and its main rings. ... In mathematics, a Pisot-Vijayaraghavan number is an algebraic integer α which is real and exceeds 1, but such that its conjugate elements are all less than 1 in absolute value. ... Tirukkannapuram Vijayaraghavan (30 November 1902 - 20 April 1955) was an Indian Mathematician from Madras region. ... Plancks constant, denoted h, is a physical constant that is used to describe the sizes of quanta. ... The Planck length, denoted by , is the unit of length in the system of units known as Planck units. ... The Planck mass is the natural unit of mass, denoted by mP. It is the mass for which the Schwarzschild radius is equal to the Compton length divided by Ï€. ≈ 1. ... In physics, the Planck time (tP), is the unit of time in the system of natural units known as Planck units. ... Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck (April 23, 1858 – October 4, 1947 in Göttingen, Germany) was a German physicist. ... Great Year (or Platonic Year) is a time required for one complete cycle of the precession of the equinoxes, about 25,800 years. ... For other uses, see Plato (disambiguation). ... The Pockels effect, or Pockels electro-optic effect, is the production of birefringence in an optical medium induced by a constant or varying electric field. ... Friedrich Carl Alwin Pockels (1865 - 1913) was a German physicist. ... Norman Robert Pogson (March 23, 1829 – June 23, 1891) was a British astronomer. ... In mathematics, in the theory of dynamical systems, a Poincaré map or Poincaré section is the intersection of a trajectory of something which moves periodically (or quasi-periodically, or chaotically), in a space of at least three dimensions, with a transversal hypersurface of one fewer dimension. ... In mathematics, particularly in dynamical systems, a first recurrence map or Poincaré map, named after Henri Poincaré, is the intersection of a periodic orbit in the state space of a continuous dynamical system with a certain lower dimensional subspace, called the Poincaré section, transversal to the flow of the system. ... Henri Poincaré, photograph from the frontispiece of the 1913 edition of Last Thoughts Jules Henri Poincaré (April 29, 1854 – July 17, 1912), generally known as Henri Poincaré, was one of Frances greatest mathematicians, theoretical scientists and a philosopher of science. ... The Poincaré-Bendixson theorem is a statement about the behaviour of trajectories in two-dimensional continuous dynamical systems. ... Henri Poincaré, photograph from the frontispiece of the 1913 edition of Last Thoughts Jules Henri Poincaré (April 29, 1854 – July 17, 1912), generally known as Henri Poincaré, was one of Frances greatest mathematicians, theoretical scientists and a philosopher of science. ... Ivar Otto Bendixson (August 1, 1861 - 1935) was a Swedish mathematician. ... Louis Poinsot (1777 - 1859) was a French mathematician and physicist. ... Isaak Yakovlevich Pomeranchuk (1913-1966) was a Polish-born Ukrainian physicist. ... Lev Davidovich Landau (Ле́в Дави́дович Ланда́у) (January 22, 1908 – April 1, 1968) was a prominent Soviet physicist and winner of the Nobel Prize for Physics whose broad field of work included the theory of superconductivity and superfluidity, quantum electrodynamics, nuclear physics and particle physics. ... In statistical mechanics, the Potts model, a generalization of the Ising model, is a model of interacting spins on a crystalline lattice. ... In statistical mechanics, the Potts model, a generalization of the Ising model, is a model of interacting spins on a crystalline lattice. ... A Pourbaix diagram, also known as a potential/pH diagram, maps out possible stable (equilibrium) phases of an aqueous electrochemical system. ... Marcel Pourbaix was born in 1904, in Myshega (Russia). ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... The Poynting vector describes the energy flux (J·m−2·s−1) of an electromagnetic field. ... Categories: People stubs | 1852 births | 1914 deaths | Physicists ... The Poynting-Robertson effect, also known as Poynting-Robertson drag, named after John Henry Poynting and Howard Percy Robertson, is a process by which solar radiation causes dust particles in a solar system to slowly spiral inward. ... Categories: People stubs | 1852 births | 1914 deaths | Physicists ... Howard Percy Robertson (January 27, 1903 - August 26, 1961) was a scientist known for contributions related to cosmology and the uncertainty principle. ... The Prandtl Number is a dimensionless number approximating the ratio of momentum diffusivity and thermal diffusivity. ... Ludwig Prandtl Ludwig Prandtl (4 February 1875 - 15 August 1953) was a German physicist. ... This article is about Proteus in Greek mythology. ... The Pulfrich effect is a consequence of the fact that at low light levels the eye-brain visual response is slower. ... Carl Pulfrich (September 24, 1858 – August 12, 1927) was a German physicist, noted for advancements in optics made as a researcher for the Carl Zeiss company, and for documenting the Pulfrich effect, a psycho-optical phenomenon that can be used to create a type of 3-D visual effect. ... The Purkinje effect (sometimes called the Purkinje shift, or dark adaptation) is the tendency for the peak sensitivity of the human eye to shift toward the blue end of the color spectrum at low illumination levels. ... Jan Evangelista Purkinje (also spelled Purkyn&#283;) (1787 - 1869) was a Czech anatomist, patriot, and physiologist. ...

R

• Rademacher distribution, function, series, sum — Hans Adolph Rademacher
• Rademacher-Kolmogorov theorem — Hans Adolph Rademacher and Andrey Nikolaevich Kolmogorov
• Rademacher-Menchov theorem — Hans Adolph Rademacher and ? Menchov
• Raman scattering — Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman
• Ramsauer-Townsend effect (a.k.a. Ramsauer effect, Townsend effect) — Carl Ramsauer and John Sealy Townsend
• Ramsden circle/disc/eyepoint, eyepiece — Jesse Ramsden
• Ramsey theory — Frank Plumpton Ramsey
• Ramsey-DeFinetti theorem — Frank Plumpton Ramsey and Bruno de Finetti
• Rapoport's rule — Eduardo H. Rapoport
• Raygor Estimate Graph — Alton L. Raygor
• Rayleigh criterion, distribution, fading, number, quotient, scattering, waves — Lord Rayleigh
• Rayleigh-Bénard cell/convection — Lord Rayleigh and Henri Bénard
• Rayleigh-Jeans law — Lord Rayleigh and Sir James Jeans
• Razin effect (a.k.a. Tsytovich-Razin effect, Tsytovich-Eidman-Razin effect) — V. A. Razin (and Vadim N. Tsytovich, V. Ya. Eidman)
• Reichensperger's organ — A. Reichensperger
• Reidemeister moves — Kurt Reidemeister
• Rescorla-Wagner rule — Robert A. Rescorla and Allan R. Wagner
• Reynolds number — Osborne Reynolds
• Ribot's law (of Retrograde Amnesia) — Théodule Ribot
• Ricardian equivalence — see Barro-Ricardo equivalence, above
• Richardson number — Lewis Fry Richardson
• Richter magnitude scale — Charles Francis Richter
• Righi-Leduc effect (a.k.a. Leduc-Righi effect) — Augusto Righi and S. Leduc
• Rikitake attractors — Tsuneji Rikitake
• Ringelmann effect — Max Ringelmann
• Robertson-Walker metric (a.k.a. Friedmann-Robertson-Walker metric) — see Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker metric, above
• Roche limit — Édouard Roche
• Roche sphere (a.k.a. Hill sphere) — Édouard Roche (and George William Hill)
• Rollin film — Bernard V. Rollin
• Rosenthal effect (a.k.a. Pygmalion effect) — Robert Rosenthal
• Rossi-Forel scale — Michele Stefano Conte de Rossi and François-Alphonse Forel
• Rossiter effect — Richard Alfred Rossiter
• Rössler equation — Otto Rössler
• Rossmann fold — Michael Rossmann
• Ruelle operator, zeta function — David Ruelle
• Ruelle-Perron-Frobenius theorem — David Ruelle, Oskar Perron, and Ferdinand Georg Frobenius
• Ruhmkorff coil — Heinrich D. Ruhmkorff
• Runge's phenomenon — Carle David Tolmé Runge
• Russell's paradox — Bertrand Russell
• Rutherford experiment (a.k.a. Geiger-Marsden experiment), scattering — Ernest Rutherford
• Rybczynski theorem — Tadeusz Rybczynski
• Rydberg constant, formula — Johannes Rydberg

In probability theory and statistics, the Rademacher distribution is a discrete probability distribution. ... In number theory, a partition of a positive integer n is a way of writing n as a sum of positive integers. ... Hans Adolph Rademacher (born 3 April 1892, Wandsbeck, now Hamburg-Wandsbek, died 7 February 1969, Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA) was a German mathematician, known for work in mathematical analysis and number theory. ... Hans Adolph Rademacher (born 3 April 1892, Wandsbeck, now Hamburg-Wandsbek, died 7 February 1969, Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA) was a German mathematician, known for work in mathematical analysis and number theory. ... Andrey Nikolaevich Kolmogorov (&#1040;&#1085;&#1076;&#1088;&#1077;&#769;&#1081; &#1053;&#1080;&#1082;&#1086;&#1083;&#1072;&#769;&#1077;&#1074;&#1080;&#1095; &#1050;&#1086;&#1083;&#1084;&#1086;&#1075;&#1086;&#769;&#1088;&#1086;&#1074;) (kahl-mah-GAW-raff) (April 25, 1903 in Tambov - October 20, 1987 in Moscow) was a Russian mathematician... Hans Adolph Rademacher (born 3 April 1892, Wandsbeck, now Hamburg-Wandsbek, died 7 February 1969, Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA) was a German mathematician, known for work in mathematical analysis and number theory. ... Raman scattering or the Raman effect is the inelastic scattering of a photon which creates or annihilates an optical phonon. ... Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, CBE (Tamil: சந்திரசேகர வெங்கடராமன்) (November 7, 1888 – November 21, 1970) was an Indian physicist, who was awarded the 1930 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the Raman effect, which is named after him. ... The Ramsauer-Townsend effect is a physical phenomenon involving the scattering of low-energy electrons by atoms of a noble gas. ... The Ramsauer-Townsend effect is a physical phenomenon involving the scattering of low-energy electrons by atoms of a noble gas. ... The Ramsauer-Townsend effect is a physical phenomenon involving the scattering of low-energy electrons by atoms of a noble gas. ... Carl Wilhelm Ramsauer (February 6, 1879 in Osterburg, Oldenburg, Germany – December 24, 1955 in Berlin, Germany) was an internationally notable professor of physics and research physicist, famous for the discovery of the Ramsauer-Townsend effect. ... John Sealy Edward Townsend (June 7, 1868 - February 16, 1957) was a mathematical physicist who conducted various studies concerning the electrical conduction of gases (concerning the kinetics of electrons and ions) and directly measured the electrical charge. ... A collection of different types of eyepieces. ... Jesse Ramsden (October 6, 1735 - November 5, 1800) was an English astronomical instrument maker. ... Ramsey theory, named for Frank P. Ramsey, is a branch of mathematics that studies the conditions under which order must appear. ... Frank Plumpton Ramsey (February 22, 1903 - January 19, 1930) was a British mathematician and logician. ... Frank Plumpton Ramsey (February 22, 1903 - January 19, 1930) was a British mathematician and logician. ... Bruno de Finetti (Innsbruck, June 13, 1906 - Rome, July 20, 1985) was an Italian probabilist and statistician, noted for the operational subjective conception of probability. ... // Rapoport’s rule Rapoport’s rule states that latitudinal ranges of plants and animals are generally smaller at low than at high latitudes. ... A rendition of the Raygor Graph. ... Resolving power is the ability of a microscope or telescope to measure the angular separation of images that are close together. ... In probability theory and statistics, the Rayleigh distribution is a continuous probability distribution. ... Rayleigh fading is a statistical model for the effect of a propagation environment on a radio signal, such as that used by wireless devices. ... In fluid mechanics, the Rayleigh number for a fluid is a dimensionless number associated with the heat transfer within the fluid. ... In mathematics, for a given real symmetric matrix A and real nonzero vector x, the Rayleigh quotient R(A,x) is defined as: Note that R(A,c·x) = R(A,x) for any real scalar c. ... Rayleigh scattering causing a reddened sky at sunset Rayleigh scattering (named after Lord Rayleigh (RAY-lee)) is the scattering of light, or other electromagnetic radiation, by particles much smaller than the wavelength of the light. ... Rayleigh waves are a type of surface wave associated on the Earth with earthquakes and subterranean movement of magma. ... See also Rayleigh fading Rayleigh scattering Rayleigh number Rayleigh waves Rayleigh-Jeans law External links Nobel website bio of Rayleigh About John William Strutt MacTutor biography of Lord Rayleigh Categories: People stubs | 1842 births | 1919 deaths | Nobel Prize in Physics winners | Peers | British physicists | Discoverer of a chemical element ... See also Rayleigh fading Rayleigh scattering Rayleigh number Rayleigh waves Rayleigh-Jeans law External links Nobel website bio of Rayleigh About John William Strutt MacTutor biography of Lord Rayleigh Categories: People stubs | 1842 births | 1919 deaths | Nobel Prize in Physics winners | Peers | British physicists | Discoverer of a chemical element ... In physics, the Rayleigh-Jeans Law, first proposed in the early 20th century, expresses the energy density of blackbody radiation of wavelength &#955; as where T is the temperature in kelvins, and k is Boltzmanns constant. ... See also Rayleigh fading Rayleigh scattering Rayleigh number Rayleigh waves Rayleigh-Jeans law External links Nobel website bio of Rayleigh About John William Strutt MacTutor biography of Lord Rayleigh Categories: People stubs | 1842 births | 1919 deaths | Nobel Prize in Physics winners | Peers | British physicists | Discoverer of a chemical element ... Sir James Hopwood Jeans (born Ormskirk, September 11, 1877, died Dorking, September 16, 1946) was a British physicist, astronomer and mathematician who was the first to propose the theory of continuous creation of matter in the universe. ... Trefoil knot, the simplest non-trivial knot. ... Kurt Werner Friedrich Reidemeister (October 13, 1893 - July 8, 1971) was a mathematician born in Brunswick, Germany. ... The Rescorla-Wagner model is a model of classical conditioning in which the animal is theorized to learn from the discrepancy between what it predicted would happen and what actually happened. ... Robert A. Rescorla Robert A. Rescorla is a Christopher H. Browne Distinguished Professor in Psychology at the University of Pennsylvania and co-creator of the Rescorla-Wagner model. ... Allan R. Wagner (born 1934 Springfield, Illinois) is the co-author of the influential Rescorla-Wagner model (1972) relating to Pavlovian conditioning and the conditioned response. ... In fluid mechanics, the Reynolds number is the ratio of inertial forces (vsρ) to viscous forces (μ/L) and consequently it quantifies the relative importance of these two types of forces for given flow conditions. ... Osborne Reynolds Osborne Reynolds (23 August 1842–21 February 1912) was a British fluid dynamics engineer. ... Théodule-Augustin Ribot (August 8, 1823 – September 11, 1891) was a French realist painter. ... Ricardian equivalence, or the Barro-Ricardo equivalence proposition, is a controversial economic theory which suggests that government budget deficits do not affect the total level of demand in an economy. ... Ricardian equivalence, (also known as Barro-Ricardo equivalence proposition or Ricardian rent), is an economic theory which suggests that government budget deficits do not affect the total level of demand in an economy. ... The Richardson number is named after Lewis Fry Richardson (1881 - 1953). ... Lewis Fry Richardson (October 11, 1881 - September 30, 1953) was a mathematician, physicist and psychologist. ... The Richter magnitude test scale (or more correctly local magnitude ML scale) assigns a single number to quantify the size of an earthquake. ... Charles Francis Richter (April 26, 1900 – September 30, 1985), was an American seismologist, born outside of Hamilton, Ohio. ... A temperature gradient in the x direction gives rise to a heat flow in the y direction and vice versa. ... Augusto Righi (August 27, 1850-June 8, 1920) was an Italian physicist and pioneer of the study of electromagnetism. ... The Ringelmann effect refers to a combination of social loafing and coordination losses. ... The Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) metric describes a homogeneous, isotropic expanding/contracting universe. ... // The Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) metric is an exact solution of the Einstein field equations of general relativity and which describes a homogeneous, isotropic expanding/contracting universe. ... The Roche limit, sometimes referred to as the Roche radius, is the distance within which a celestial body held together only by its own gravity will disintegrate due to a second celestial bodys tidal forces exceeding the first bodys gravitational self-attraction. ... Édouard Albert Roche (1820-1883) was a French scientist. ... A Hill sphere approximates the gravitational sphere of influence of one astronomical body in the face of perturbations from another heavier body around which it orbits. ... A Hill sphere approximates the gravitational sphere of influence of one astronomical body in the face of perturbations from another heavier body around which it orbits. ... Édouard Albert Roche (1820-1883) was a French scientist. ... George William Hill (March 3, 1838 – April 16, 1914), was a U.S. astronomer and mathematician. ... A Rollin film is a 30 nm thick liquid film of Helium in the Helium II state. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The Pygmalion effect (or Rosenthal effect) refers to situations in which students perform better than other students simply because they are expected to do so. ... Robert Rosenthal is Distinguished Professor of Psychology at the University of California, Riverside. ... The Rossi-Forel scale was one of the first seismic scales to reflect earthquake intensities. ... François-Alphonse Forel (February 2, 1841 - August 7, 1912) was a Swiss scientist who pioneered the study of lakes, and is thus considered the founder of limnology. ... Otto E. Rössler (born 20 May 1940) is a German biochemist. ... An example of the Rossmann fold, a structural domain of a decarboxylase protein from the bacterium Staphylococcus epidermidis (PDB ID 1G5Q) with the bound flavin mononucleotide cofactor shown. ... Michael Rossmann is a British chemist and a Fellow of the Royal Society. ... In mathematics, the transfer operator encodes information about an iterated map and is frequently used to study the behavior of dynamical systems, statistical mechanics, quantum chaos and fractals. ... (Born August 20, 1935) Belgian-French physicist. ... In mathematics, the Perron-Frobenius theorem is a theorem in matrix theory about the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a real positive n×n matrix: Let A = (aij) be a real n×n matrix with positive entries . ... (Born August 20, 1935) Belgian-French physicist. ... Oskar Perron (7 May 1880 – 22 February 1975) was a German mathematician. ... Picture of Frobenius Ferdinand Georg Frobenius (October 26, 1849 - August 3, 1917) was a German mathematician, best-known for his contributions to the theory of differential equations and to group theory. ... The term induction coil (archaicly known as the Ruhmkorff coil) refers to a passive electrical device used to produce high voltage pulses from a low voltage DC supply. ... Heinrich Daniel Ruhmkorff (January 15, 1803 – December 20, 1877) was a German instrument maker who developed and commercialised the induction coil (often referred to as the Ruhmkorff coil. ... The red curve is the Runge function, the blue curve is a 5th-degree polynomial, while the green curve is a 9th-degree polynomial. ... Carle David Tolmé Runge (August 30, 1856 – January 3, 1927) was a German mathematician, physicist, and spectroscopist. ... (For E. W. Russells Paradox, see Religious and militarist attitudes and Paradox supported. ... Bertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell OM FRS (18 May 1872 – 2 February 1970), was a British philosopher, logician, mathematician and advocate for social reform. ... Top: Expected results: alpha particles passing through the plum pudding model of the atom undisturbed. ... Top: Expected results: alpha particles passing through the plum pudding model of the atom undisturbed. ... Rutherford scattering is a phenomenon that was explained by Ernest Rutherford in 1911, and led to the development of the orbital theory of the atom. ... Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson OM PC FRS (30 August 1871 – 19 October 1937), widely referred to as Lord Rutherford, was a nuclear physicist born in New Zealand and known as the father of nuclear physics. ... The Rybczynski theorem was developed by the Polish-born English economist Tadeusz Rybczynski (1923-1998). ... The Rydberg constant, named after physicist Janne Rydberg, is a physical constant discovered when measuring the spectrum of hydrogen, and building upon results from Anders Jonas Ã…ngström and Johann Balmer. ... The Rydberg formula (Rydberg-Ritz formula) is used in atomic physics for determining the full spectrum of light emission from hydrogen, later extended to be useful with any element by use of the Rydberg-Ritz combination principle. ... Janne Rydberg Johannes Robert Rydberg, commonly known as Janne Rydberg, (November 8, 1854 - December 28, 1919), was a Swedish physicist mainly known for devising the Rydberg formula, in 1888, which is used to predict the wavelengths of photons (of light and other electromagnetic radiation) emitted by changes in the energy...

S

• Sabatier or Sabattier effect — Sabat[t]ier, first name unknown
• Sachs-Wolfe effect — Rainer Kurt Sachs and Arthur Michael Wolfe
• Saffir-Simpson hurricane scale — Herbert S. Saffir and Robert ("Bob") Simpson
• Sagnac effect — Georges Sagnac
• Saha ionization equation — Meghnad Saha
• St. Elmo's fire — Erasmus of Formiae
• Salem number — Raphaël Salem
• Say's law — Jean-Baptiste Say
• Schottky effect — Walter H. Schottky
• Schröter effect — Johann Hieronymus Schröter
• Schülen-Wilson effect — see Wilson effect, below
• Schumann-Runge bands — Victor Schumann and Carle David Tolmé Runge
• Schwarzschild effect, metric, radius — Karl Schwarzschild
• Scott effect — Elizabeth L. Scott
• Searl effect — John R. R. Searl
• Secchi (stellar) class, depth, disk — Pietro Angelo Secchi
• Seebeck effect — Thomas Johann Seebeck
• Sertoli cells — Enrico Sertoli
• Seyfert galaxy — Carl Keenan Seyfert
• Shapiro effect — Irwin Shapiro
• Shimizu-Morioka equations — Tatsujiro Shimizu and N. Morioka
• Shubnikov-De Haas effect — see De Haas-Shubnikov effect, above
• Sieberg tsunami intensity scale — August H. Sieberg
• Sieberg-Ambraseys tsunami intensity scale — August H. Sieberg and Nicholas N. Ambraseys
• Simroth's organs — Heinrich Rudolf Simroth
• Smale's horseshoe — Stephen Smale
• Smale-Rössler theorem — Stephen Smale and Otto Rössler
• Snell's law — Willebrord van Roijen Snell
• Soloviev tsunami intensity scale — Sergey L. Soloviev
• Sommerfeld-Kossel displacement law — Arnold Sommerfeld and Walther Kossel
• Staebler-Wronski effect — David L. Staebler and Christopher R. Wronski
• Stark effect (a.k.a. Stark-Lo Surdo effect) — Johannes Stark (and Antonino Lo Surdo)
• Stark ladder (a.k.a. Wannier-Stark ladder, q.v.) — Johannes Stark and Gregory Hugh Wannier
• Stark-Einstein law — Johannes Stark and Albert Einstein
• Stebbins-Whitford effect — Joel Stebbins and Albert Edward Whitford
• Stefan's constant, law (a.k.a. Stefan-Boltzmann constant, law) — Jo ef Stefan (and Ludwig Boltzmann)
• Stensen's duct — Niels Stensen
• Stern-Levison parameter — S. Alan Stern and Harold F. Levison
• Stevens effect — J. C. and Stanley Smith Stevens
• Stevens' power law — Stanley Smith Stevens
• Stewart's organs — Charles Stewart
• Stewart-Tolman effect — John Quincy Stewart(?) and Richard Chace Tolman
• Stirling number — James Stirling
• Stokes shift — George Gabriel Stokes
• Stolper-Samuelson theorem — Paul Samuelson and Wolfgang Stolper
• Strömgren age, photometry, sphere — Bengt Georg Daniel Strömgren
• Strömgren-Crawford photometry — Bengt Georg Daniel Strömgren and David L. Crawford
• Stroop effect — John Ridley Stroop
• Strouhal number — Vincenc Strouhal
• Stückelberg action — Ernst Carl Gerlach Stueckelberg
• Sturgeon's law — Theodore Sturgeon
• Sturmian trajectories — Charles François Sturm
• Suess effect — Hans Eduard Suess
• Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect — Rashid Sunyaev and Yakov Zel'dovich

See also Solarization for the effect in physics in which the properties of materials are affected by electo-magnetic radiation - note the spelling Solarization is also often used for the photographic effect Solarisation is a phenomenon in photography in which the image recorded on a negative or on a photographic... The Sachs-Wolfe effect is a property of the cosmic background radiation (CBR), in which gravitational bodies redshift the CBR, causing it to appear uneven. ... Arthur M. Wolfe is an astrophysicist, professor and the Director of the Center for Astrophysics & Space Sciences at the University of California, San Diego. ... The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale is a scale classifying most Western Hemisphere tropical cyclones that exceed the levels of tropical depression and tropical storm and thereby become hurricanes; the categories it divides hurricanes into are distinguished by the intensities of their respective sustained winds. ... Herbert Saffir (born 29 March 1917 in New York City), is the developer of the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale, for measuring the intensity of hurricanes. ... Dr. Robert Simpson is a meteorologist and hurricane specialist, and is a former director (1967-1974) of the National Hurricane Center. ... The Sagnac effect manifests itself in an experimental setup called ring interferometry. ... Georges Sagnac (1869-1926) was a French physicist who lent his name to the Sagnac effect, a phenomenon which is at the basis of interferometers and laser gyroscopes developed since the 1970s. ... Developed by the Indian astrophysicist Meghnad Saha in 1920, this formula describes the degree of ionization of a gas as a function of the temperature T, density, and ionization energy. ... Meghnad Saha (&#2350;&#2375;&#2328;&#2344;&#2366;&#2341; &#2360;&#2366;&#2361;&#2366;) (October 6, 1893 &#8211; February 16, 1956) was an Indian astrophysicist. ... St. ... The martyrdom of St. ... In mathematics, a real algebraic integer is a Salem number if all its conjugate roots have absolute value no greater than , and at least one has absolute value exactly . ... Raphaël Salem (November 7, 1898 in Saloniki, Ottoman Empire (now Thessaloniki, Greece) – June 20, 1963 in Paris, France), was a Greek-Sephardic mathematician after whom are named the Salem numbers and whose widow founded the Salem Prize. ... In economics, Say’s Law or Say’s Law of Markets is a principle attributed to French businessman and economist Jean-Baptiste Say (1767-1832) stating that there can be no demand without supply. ... Jean-Baptiste Say (January 5, 1767 – November 15, 1832) was a French economist and businessman. ... The Schottky diode (named after German physicist Walter H. Schottky) is a semiconductor diode with a low forward voltage drop and a very fast switching action. ... Walter H. Schottky (July 23, 1886, Zürich, Switzerland - March 4, 1976, Pretzfeld, West Germany) was a German physicist who invented the screen-grid vacuum tube in 1915 and the tetrode in 1919 while working at Siemens. ... Johann Hieronymus Schröter (August 30, 1745 – August 29, 1816) was a German astronomer. ... In 1769 a Scottish astronomer named Alexander Wilson noticed that the shape of sunspots noticeably flattened as they approached the Suns limb as the Sun rotated. ... Carle David Tolmé Runge (August 30, 1856 – January 3, 1927) was a German mathematician, physicist, and spectroscopist. ... It has been suggested that Deriving the Schwarzschild solution be merged into this article or section. ... The Schwarzschild radius (sometimes inappropriately referred to as the gravitational radius[1]) is a characteristic radius associated with every mass. ... Karl Schwarzschild (October 9, 1873 - May 11, 1916) was a noted German Jewish physicist and astronomer, father of astrophysicist Martin Schwarzschild. ... Elizabeth Scott (November 23, 1917 - December 20, 1988) was an American mathematician specializing in statistics. ... In astronomy, stellar classification is a classification of stars based initially on photospheric temperature and its associated spectral characteristics, and subsequently refined in terms of other characteristics. ... Secchi disk pattern Created in 1865 by Pietro Angelo Secchi, the Secchi disk is a device used to measure water transparency in open waters of lakes, bays, and the ocean. ... Pietro Angelo Secchi (1818&#8211;1878) was an Italian astronomer. ... The Peltier-Seebeck effect, or thermoelectric effect, is the direct conversion of heat differentials to electric voltage and vice versa. ... Thomas Johann Seebeck (April 9, 1770 – December 10, 1831) was a physicist who in 1821 discovered the thermoelectric effect. ... A Sertoli cell (a kind of sustentacular cell) is a nurse cell of the testes which is part of a seminiferous tubule. ... Seyfert galaxies are spiral or irregular galaxies containing an extremely bright nucleus, most likely caused by a supermassive black hole, that can sometimes outshine the surrounding galaxy. ... Carl Keenan Seyfert (February 11, 1911 &#8211; June 13, 1960) was an American astronomer. ... In General relativity, the Shapiro effect, or gravitational time delay, is one of the four classic solar system tests of general relativity. ... Irwin I. Shapiro is an American astrophysicist. ... // An oscillation in the conductivity of a material that occurs at low temperatures in the presence of very intense, time varying magnetic fields, the Shubnikov-de Haas effect is a macroscopic manifestation of the inherent quantum mechanical nature of matter. ... // An oscillation in the conductivity of a material that occurs at low temperatures in the presence of very intense, time varying magnetic fields, the Shubnikov-de Haas effect is a macroscopic manifestation of the inherent quantum mechanical nature of matter. ... In the mathematics of chaos theory, a horseshoe map is any member of a class of chaotic maps of the square into itself. ... Stephen Smale Stephen Smale (born July 15, 1930) is an American mathematician from Flint, Michigan, and winner of the Fields Medal in 1966. ... Stephen Smale Stephen Smale (born July 15, 1930) is an American mathematician from Flint, Michigan, and winner of the Fields Medal in 1966. ... Otto E. Rössler (born 20 May 1940) is a German biochemist. ... Refraction of light at the interface between two media of different refractive indices, with n2 > n1. ... Willebrord Snell. ... The Sommerfeld-Kossel displacement law is: The first spark (singly ionized) spectrum of an element is similar in all details to the arc (neutral) spectrum of the element preceding it in the periodic table. ... Arnold Johannes Wilhelm Sommerfeld (December 5, 1868 in Königsberg, East Prussia – April 26, 1951 in Munich, Germany) was a German physicist who introduced the fine-structure constant in 1919. ... Walther Ludwig Julius Kossel (January 4, 1888 in Berlin, Germany – 22 May 1956 in Tübingen, Germany) was a German physicist known for his theory of the chemical bond (ionic bond/octet rule), Sommerfeld-Kossel displacement law of atomic spectra, the Kossel-Stranski model for crystal growth, and the Kossel... The Stark effect is the splitting of a spectral line into several components in the presence of an electric field. ... The Stark effect is the shifting and splitting of spectral lines of atoms and molecules due to the presence of an external static electric field. ... Johannes Stark (April 15, 1874 – June 21, 1957) was a prominent 20th century physicist, and a Physics Nobel Prize laureate. ... Johannes Stark (April 15, 1874 – June 21, 1957) was a prominent 20th century physicist, and a Physics Nobel Prize laureate. ... Gregory Hugh Wannier (1911 - 1983) was a Swiss physicist. ... Stark–Einstein law is called after the German-born physicists Johannes Stark and Albert Einstein, who independently formulated the law between 1908 and 1913. ... Johannes Stark (April 15, 1874 – June 21, 1957) was a prominent 20th century physicist, and a Physics Nobel Prize laureate. ... Albert Einstein( ) (March 14, 1879 – April 18, 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist who is widely considered to have been one of the greatest physicists of all time. ... Joel Stebbins (July 30, 1878 &#8211; March 16, 1966) was an American astronomer who pioneered photoelectric photometry in astronomy. ... Albert Edward Whitford (October 22, 1905 – March 28, 2002) was an American astronomer. ... The Stefan-Boltzmann constant (also Stefans constant), a physical constant denoted by the Greek letter σ, is the constant of proportionality in the Stefan-Boltzmann law: the total energy radiated per unit surface area of a black body in unit time is proportional to the fourth power of the thermodynamic... The Stefan-Boltzmann law, also known as Stefans law, states that the total energy radiated per unit surface area of a black body in unit time (known variously as the black-body irradiance, energy flux density, radiant flux, or the emissive power), j*, is directly proportional to the fourth... Ludwig Eduard Boltzmann (Vienna, Austrian Empire, February 20, 1844 – Duino near Trieste, September 5, 1906) was an Austrian physicist famous for his founding contributions in the fields of statistical mechanics and statistical thermodynamics. ... Stensens duct is another name for the duct of the parotid gland that allows saliva to drain from the parotid gland to the oral cavity. ... Nicolaus Steno. ... S. Alan Stern is a planetary scientist at the Southwest Research Institute. ... Harold F. Hal Levison is a planetary scientist specializing in planetary dynamics. ... Stanley Smith Stevens (1906-1973) was an American psychologist best known as the founder of Harvards Psycho-Acoustical Laboratory and credited with the introduction of Stevens power law. ... Stevens power law relates the intensity of a stimulus to its perceived strength. ... Stanley Smith Stevens (1906-1973) was an American psychologist best known as the founder of Harvards Psycho-Acoustical Laboratory and credited with the introduction of Stevens power law. ... Charles Stewart was a variant spelling of the name of the two Stuart dynasty Kings of Britain, namely Charles I and Charles II, as well as of Bonnie Prince Charlie, the Young Pretender. ... John Quincy Stewart (September 10, 1894 &#8211; March 19, 1972) was an American astrophysicist. ... ... In mathematics, Stirling numbers arise in a variety of combinatorics problems. ... James Stirling (April 22, 1692&#8211;December 5, 1770) was an important Scottish mathematician. ... Stokes shift Stokes shift is the difference (in wavelength or frequency units) between positions of the band maxima of the absorption and luminescence spectra (or fluorescence) of the same electronic transition. ... Sir George Gabriel Stokes, 1st Baronet (13 August 1819–1 February 1903) was an Irish mathematician and physicist, who at Cambridge made important contributions to fluid dynamics (including the Navier-Stokes equations), optics, and mathematical physics (including Stokes theorem). ... The Stolper-Samuelson theorem is a basic theorem in trade theory. ... Paul Anthony Samuelson Paul A. Samuelson (born May 15, 1915, in Gary, Indiana) is an American economist known for his work in many fields of economics. ... Strömgren photometric system (uvby) (sometimes also referred as Strömgren - Crawford photometric system) is four-colour medium-band photometric system (plus H-beta filter) for stellar classification. ... In astrophysics, a Strömgren sphere is the sphere of ionized hydrogen (H II) around a young star of the spectral classes O or B. The most prominent example is the Rosette Nebula. ... Bengt Georg Daniel Strömgren (January 21, 1908 – July 4, 1987) was a Danish astronomer and astrophysicist. ... Strömgren photometric system (uvby) (sometimes also referred as Strömgren - Crawford photometric system) is four-colour medium-band photometric system (plus H-beta filter) for stellar classification. ... Bengt Georg Daniel Strömgren (January 21, 1908 – July 4, 1987) was a Danish astronomer and astrophysicist. ... Demonstration Say the color of these words as fast as you can: According to the Stroop effect, the first set of colors would have had a faster reaction time. ... John Ridley Stroop (1897-1973) was an American psychologist. ... In dimensional analysis, the Strouhal number is a dimensionless number describing oscillating flow mechanisms. ... Vincenc Strouhal (1850-1922) was a Czech physicist specializing in experimental physics. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Ernst Carl Gerlach Stueckelberg (February 1, 1905, Basel - September 4, 1984, Basel) was a Swiss mathematician and physicist. ... Sturgeons Law is an adage derived from a quote by science fiction author Theodore Sturgeon: Ninety percent of everything is crud. Sturgeon himself commented that Sturgeons Law was originally Nothing is always absolutely so; the former quote was originally known as Sturgeons Revelation. ... Theodore Sturgeon (February 26, 1918 Staten Island, New York – May 8, 1985) was an American science fiction author. ... Jacques Charles François Sturm (September 29, 1803 - December 15, 1855), French mathematician, of German extraction, was born in Geneva. ... Hans Eduard Suess (December 16, 1909 in Vienna - September 20, 1993 [1]) was an Austrian physical chemist and nuclear physicist. ... The Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect (SZ effect or Sunyaev-Zeldovich theory) is due to high energy electrons distorting the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) through the inverse Compton effect, in which some of the high energy of the electrons is transferred to the low energy photons. ... Rashid Alievich Sunyaev (Рашид Алиевич Сюняев) was born in Tashkent, Uzbek SSR, on March 1, 1943 and educated at the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology and Moscow University. ... Yakov Borisovich Zeldovich (Russian:Яков Борисович Зельдович) (March 8, 1914 – December 2, 1987) was a prolific Soviet physicist. ...

T

• Tait-Bryan angles (a.k.a. Cardan angles, nautical angles) — Peter Guthrie Tait and George Bryan (?)
• Talbot effect — William Henry Fox Talbot
• Teller-Ulam design — Edward Teller and Stanisław Ulam
• Tesla coil — Nikola Tesla
• Tesla oscillator (a.k.a. Vac(kár( oscillator) — Nikola Tesla (and Jir(í Vac(kár()
• Thévenin's theorem — Léon Charles Thévenin
• Thirring effect — see Lense-Thirring effect, above
• Thomas precession — Llewellyn Thomas
• Thomas-Fermi approximation, model — Llewellyn Hilleth Thomas and Enrico Fermi
• Thomson cross-section, effect — William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin
• Thorndike's laws (of effect, readiness, and exercise) — Edward L. Thorndike
• Thorson's rule — Gunnar Thorson
• Thouless energy — David J. Thouless
• Tiedemann's bodies — Friedrich Tiedemann
• Tobin's q — James Tobin
• Tolman effects — Richard Chace Tolman
• Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff limit — Richard Chace Tolman, Julius Robert Oppenheimer, and George Michael Volkoff
• Tonks-Girardeau gas — Lewi Tonks and Marvin D. Girardeau
• Townsend effect (a.k.a. Ramsauer effect, Ramsauer-Townsend effect), ionization coefficient — John Sealy Townsend
• Tricomi's equation — Francesco Giacomo Tricomi
• Troxler's effect/fading — Ignaz Paul Vital Troxler
• Tsytovich effect — Vadim N. Tsytovich
• Tsytovich-Razin effect (a.k.a. Tsytovich-Eidman-Razin effect) — see Razin effect, above
• Tychonoff space — Andrey Nikolayevich Tychonoff
• Tyndall effect/scattering — John Tyndall

In geometry, Tait-Bryan angles are three angles used to describe a general rotation in three-dimensional Euclidean space by three successive rotations, once about the x-axis, once about the y-axis, and once about the z-axis. ... Peter Tait Peter Guthrie Tait (April 28, 1831 - July 4, 1901) was a Scottish mathematical physicist. ... William Henry Fox Talbot (February 11, 1800 - September 17, 1877) was one of the first photographers and made major contributions to the photographic process. ... The basics of the Teller-Ulam configuration: a fission bomb uses radiation to compress and heat a separate section of fusion fuel. ... Edward Teller (original Hungarian name Teller Ede) (January 15, 1908 – September 9, 2003) was a Jewish Hungarian-American theoretical physicist, known colloquially as the father of the hydrogen bomb. ... Stanisław Ulam in the 1950s. ... Tesla Coil at Questacon, the Australian National Science Centre museum A Tesla coil is a type of resonant transformer, named after its inventor, Nikola Tesla. ... Nikola Tesla (1856-1943)[1] was a world-renowned Serbian inventor, physicist, mechanical engineer and electrical engineer. ... Nikola Tesla (1856-1943)[1] was a world-renowned Serbian inventor, physicist, mechanical engineer and electrical engineer. ... In electrical circuit theory, Thévenins theorem for electrical networks states that any combination of voltage sources and resistors with two terminals is electrically equivalent to a single voltage source V and a single series resistor R. For single frequency AC systems the theorem can also be applied to... Leon Charles Thevenin (March 30, 1857- September 21, 1926) was a French telegraph engineer who extended Ohms law to the analysis of complex electrical circuits. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... According to Albert Einsteins theory of general relativity, space and time get pulled out of shape near a rotating body in a phenomenon referred to as frame-dragging. ... Thomas precession, named after L.H. Thomas, is a correction to the spin-orbit interaction in Quantum Mechanics, which takes into account the relativistic time dilation between the electron and the nucleus in hydrogenic atoms. ... Llewellyn Hilleth Thomas born in 1903 died in 1992. ... Density functional theory (DFT) is a quantum mechanical method used in physics and chemistry to investigate the electronic structure of many-body systems, in particular molecules and the condensed phases. ... Llewellyn Hilleth Thomas (31 October 1903- 20 April 1992) was an Anglo-American physicist and applied mathematician. ... Enrico Fermi (September 29, 1901 – November 28, 1954) was an Italian physicist most noted for his work on the development of the first nuclear reactor, and for his contributions to the development of quantum theory, particle physics and statistical mechanics. ... The Peltier–Seebeck effect, or thermoelectric effect, is the direct conversion of heat differentials to electric voltage and vice versa. ... William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, OM, GCVO, PC, PRS, FRSE, (26 June 1824 – 17 December 1907) was a mathematical physicist, engineer, and outstanding leader in the physical sciences of the 19th century. ... The law of effect is a principle of psychology described by Edward Thorndike in 1898. ... Edward Lee Thorndike (August 31, 1874 - August 9, 1949) was an American psychologist whose work on animal behaviour and the learning process led to the theory of connectionism. ... Thorsons rule (named by S.A. Mileikovsky in 1971) [1] states that marine benthic invertebrates at low latitudes tend to produce large numbers of eggs developing to pelagic (often planktotrophic [plankton-feeding]) and widely-dispersing larvae, whereas at high latitudes such organisms tend to produce fewer and larger lecithotrophic... The Thouless energy is a characteristic energy scale of electrons in disordered conductors, derived by scaling Anderson localization. ... David J. Thouless (born in 1934 in Bearsden, Scotland) is a condensed matter physicist and Wolf Prize winner. ... Friedrich Tiedemann (August 23, 1781 - January 22, 1861) was a German anatomist and physiologist. ... A graph of Tobins-q for the US market from 1900 to 2003. ... For the convicted Republican political operative, see James Tobin (political operative). ... ... This article is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... ... J. Robert Oppenheimer, father of the atomic bomb, served as the first director of Los Alamos National Laboratory, beginning in 1943. ... George Michael Volkoff, O.C., M.B.E., Ph. ... In physics, a Tonks-Girardeau gas is a Bose-Einstein Condensate in which the repulsive interactions between bosonic particles confined to one dimension dominate the physics of the system. ... Lewi Tonks, 1897-1971, American quantum physicist noted for discovery (with Marvin D. Girardeau) of the Tonks-Girardeau gas. ... Marvin D. Girardeau is a quantum physicist, currently a research professor at the University of Arizona. ... The Ramsauer-Townsend effect is a physical phenomenon involving the scattering of low-energy electrons by atoms of a noble gas. ... The Ramsauer-Townsend effect is a physical phenomenon involving the scattering of low-energy electrons by atoms of a noble gas. ... The Ramsauer-Townsend effect is a physical phenomenon involving the scattering of low-energy electrons by atoms of a noble gas. ... John Sealy Edward Townsend (June 7, 1868 - February 16, 1957) was a mathematical physicist who conducted various studies concerning the electrical conduction of gases (concerning the kinetics of electrons and ions) and directly measured the electrical charge. ... Troxlers fading or Troxlers effect is a phenomenon of visual perception. ... Ignaz Paul Vital Troxler (August 17, 1780 in Beromünster – March 6, 1866 in Aarau) was a Swiss physician, politician, and philosopher. ... In topology and related branches of mathematics, Tychonoff spaces and completely regular spaces are particularly nice kinds of topological spaces. ... Andrey Nikolayevich Tychonoff (Андрей Николаевич Тихонов: October 30, 1906–1993) was a Russian mathematician. ... Shot of sunbeams breaking through nebula bank The term Tyndall effect is usually applied to the effect of light scattering on particles in colloid systems, such as suspensions or emulsions. ... This article is about the 19th century scientist. ...

U

• Unruh effect — William G. Unruh

The Unruh effect, discovered in 1976 by Bill Unruh of the University of British Columbia, is the prediction that an accelerating observer will observe black-body radiation where an inertial observer would observe none, that is, the accelerating observer will find themselves in a warm background. ... Bill Unruh teaching in UBC William G. Unruh (born August 21, 1945) is a Canadian physicist at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, who discovered the Unruh effect. ...

V

• Vac(kár( oscillator (a.k.a. Tesla oscillator) — Jir(í Vac(kár( (and Nikola Tesla)
• Van Allen radiation belt — James Van Allen
• Van de Graaff generator — Dr. Robert Jemison Van de Graaff
• Van der Pol equation, oscillator — Balthasar van der Pol
• Van der Waals force — Johannes Diderik van der Waals
• Van Hove singularity — Léon Van Hove
• Van Stokum cylinder — W. J. van Stokum
• Vavilovian mimicry — Nikolai Ivanovich Vavilov
• Veblen effect — Thorstein Veblen
• Veitch diagram — see Karnaugh map, above
• Venturi effect — Giovanni Battista Venturi
• Venn diagram — John Venn
• Voigt effect, notation, profile — Woldemar Voigt
• Von Klitzing constant — Klaus von Klitzing
• Von Neumann ordinal, von Neumann architecture — John von Neumann
• Von Restorff effect — Hedwig von Restorff

Nikola Tesla (1856-1943)[1] was a world-renowned Serbian inventor, physicist, mechanical engineer and electrical engineer. ... Van Allen radiation belts The Van Allen Radiation Belt is a torus of energetic charged particles (plasma) around Earth, held in place by Earths magnetic field. ... James Van Allen at National Air & Space Museum (NASM), 1981, Photo courtesy of NASM. Explorer I model and Pioneer H probe in background James Alfred Van Allen (September 7, 1914 – August 9, 2006) was an American space scientist at the University of Iowa. ... Van de Graaff generator. ... Robert Jemison Van de Graaff, (December 20, 1901 – January 16, 1967) was an American physicist and instrument maker, and professor of physics at Princeton University. ... Phase portrait of the unforced Van der Pol oscillator, showing a limit cycle. ... Balthasar van der Pol (27 January 1889 – 6 October 1959) was a Dutch physicist. ... In chemistry, the term van der Waals force originally referred to all forms of intermolecular forces; however, in modern usage it tends to refer to intermolecular forces that deal with forces due to the polarization of molecules. ... van der Waals Johannes Diderik van der Waals (November 23, 1837 – March 8, 1923) was a Dutch scientist famous for his work on the equation of state for gases and liquids, for which he won the Nobel Prize in physics in 1910. ... A van Hove singularity is a kink in the density of states (DOS) of a solid. ... Léon Van Hove (Brussels, 1924 - 2 September 1990), was a Belgian physicist. ... A drone fly exhibits Batesian mimicry by resembling a honey bee A mimic is any species that has evolved to appear similar to another successful species or to the environment in order to dupe predators into avoiding the mimic, or dupe prey into approaching the mimic[1]. A mimic generally... &#1053;&#1080;&#1082;&#1086;&#1083;&#1072;&#1081; &#1048;&#1074;&#1072;&#1085;&#1086;&#1074;&#1080;&#1095; &#1042;&#1072;&#1074;&#1080;&#1083;&#1086;&#1074; Major: scientist-genetist, hybridist Birth: November 25, 1887, Moscow Death: January 26, 1943, Saratov Sex: male Nationality: Russian Achievements: 60 expeditions. ... Thorstein Bunde Veblen (born Tosten Bunde Veblen July 30, 1857 – August 3, 1929) was a Norwegian-American sociologist and economist and a founder, along with John R. Commons, of the Institutional economics movement, most famous for his Theory of the Leisure Class (1899). ... An example Karnaugh map The Karnaugh map, also known as a Veitch diagram (K-map or KV-map for short), is a tool to facilitate management of Boolean algebraic expressions. ... An example Karnaugh map The Karnaugh map, also known as a Veitch diagram (K-map or KV-map for short), is a tool to facilitate management of Boolean algebraic expressions. ... A Venturi meter is shown in a diagram, the pressure in 1 conditions is higher than 2, and the relationship between the fluid speed in 2 and 1 respectively, is the same as for pressure. ... Giovanni Battista Venturi. ... A Venn diagram of sets A, B, and C Venn diagrams are illustrations used in the branch of mathematics known as set theory. ... John Venn. ... The Voigt Effect, sometimes termed magnetic birefringence or magnetic double refreaction, is a magneto-optical phenomenon whereby the polarization of light may be rotated when passed through a vapor cell immersed in a magnetic field directed perpendicular to the beam direction. ... Voigt notation - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ... In spectroscopy, the Voigt profile is a spectral line profile named after Woldemar Voigt and found in all branches of spectroscopy in which a spectral line is broadened by two types of mechanisms, one of which alone would produce a Doppler profile, and the other of which would produce a... Woldemar Voigt (September 2, 1850 - December 13, 1919) was a German physicist. ... The quantum Hall effect is a quantum mechanical version of the Hall effect, observed in two-dimensional systems of electrons subjected to low temperatures and strong magnetic fields, in which the Hall conductance &#963; takes on the quantized values where e is the elementary charge and h is Plancks... Klaus von Klitzing, (born June 28, 1943 in German occupied Środa Wielkopolska) is a German physicist. ... Ordinal numbers, or ordinals for short, are numbers used to denote the position in an ordered sequence: first, second, third, fourth, etc. ... Design of the Von Neumann architecture For the robotic architecture also named after Von Neumann, see Von Neumann machine The von Neumann architecture is a computer design model that uses a single storage structure to hold both instructions and data. ... John von Neumann (Hungarian Margittai Neumann János Lajos) (born December 28, 1903 in Budapest, Austria-Hungary; died February 8, 1957 in Washington D.C., United States) was a Hungarian-born mathematician and polymath who made contributions to quantum physics, functional analysis, set theory, topology, economics, computer science, numerical analysis... The Von Restoff effect (named after Hedwig von Restorff), also called the isolation effect, predicts that an item that stands out like a sore thumb (called distinctive encoding) will be more likely to be remembered than other items. ...

W

• Wadati-Benioff zone (a.k.a. Benioff zone) — Kiyoo Wadati and Hugo Benioff
• Wahlund effect — Sten Gösta William Wahlund
• Wallace's line — Alfred Russel Wallace
• Walras' law — Leon Walras
• Wannier function, orbital — Gregory Wannier
• Wannier-Stark ladder (a.k.a. Stark ladder) — Gregory Wannier and Johannes Stark
• Warburg effect — Otto Warburg
• Waring's problem (a.k.a. Hilbert-Waring theorem) — Edward Waring (and David Hilbert)
• Weberian apparatus — Ernst Heinrich Weber
• Weierstrass-Casorati theorem — Karl Theodor Wilhelm Weierstrass and Felice Casorati
• Weierstrass's elliptic functions, factorization theorem, function, M-test, preparation theorem — Karl Theodor Wilhelm Weierstrass
• Weissenberg effect — Karl Weissenberg
• Weston cell — Edward Weston
• Wheatstone bridge — Sir Charles Wheatstone (improved and popularized it; the inventor was Samuel Hunter Christie)
• Widrow-Hoff rule — Bernard Widrow and Ted Hoff
• Wiedemann-Franz law — Gustav Wiedemann and Rudolf Franz
• Wien bridge (Wien's bridge), constant, effect, law — Wilhelm Wien
• Wiener filter, process — Norbert Wiener
• Wigner energy, Wigner effect — Eugene Wigner
• Wigner-Seitz cell — Eugene Wigner and Frederick Seitz
• Willshaw network — David J. Willshaw
• Wilson cycle — John Tuzo Wilson
• Wilson effect (a.k.a. Schülen-Wilson effect) — Alexander Wilson (and ? Schülen)
• Wilson-Bappu effect — Olin Chaddock Wilson and Manali Kallat Vainu Bappu
• Woodward effect — James F. Woodward
• Wolf effect — Emil Wolf
• Wulf bands — Oliver R. Wulf

Subduction zones mark sites of convective downwelling of the Earths lithosphere. ... A Benioff zone (also Benioff-Wadati zone or Wadati-Benioff zone) is a deep active seismic area in a subduction zone. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... In population genetics, the Wahlund effect causes reduced heterozygosity in populations due to subpopulation structure. ... Sten Gösta William Wahlund (1901 — 1976) was a Swedish human geneticist and politician. ... Wallaces hypothetical line between Australasian and Southeast Asian fauna. ... Alfred Russel Wallace, OM, FRS (January 8, 1823 – November 7, 1913) was a British naturalist, explorer, geographer, anthropologist and biologist. ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... Marie-Ésprit-Léon Walras (December 16, 1834 in Évreux, France - January 5, 1910 in Clarens, near Montreux, Switzerland) was a French economist, considered by Joseph Schumpeter as the greatest of all economists. He was a mathematical economist associated with the creation of the general equilibrium theory. ... The Wannier functions are a complete set of orthogonal functions used in solid-state physics. ... Gregory Hugh Wannier(1911 - 1983) was a Swiss physicist. ... Gregory Hugh Wannier(1911 - 1983) was a Swiss physicist. ... Johannes Stark (April 15, 1874 – June 21, 1957) was a prominent 20th century physicist, and a Physics Nobel Prize laureate. ... The Warburg effect is the inhibition of carbon dioxide fixation, and subsequently photosynthesis, by high oxygen concentrations. ... In number theory, Warings problem, proposed in 1770 by Edward Waring, asks whether for every natural number k there exists an associated positive integer s such that every natural number is the sum of at most s kth powers of natural numbers. ... Edward Waring (1736 - August 15, 1798) was British mathematician who was born in Old Heath (near Shrewsbury) Shropshire England and died in Pontesbury Shropshire England He was Lucasian professor of mathematics at Cambridge University from 1760 until his death. ... David Hilbert (January 23, 1862, Königsberg, East Prussia – February 14, 1943, Göttingen, Germany) was a German mathematician, recognized as one of the most influential and universal mathematicians of the 19th and early 20th centuries. ... The Weberian apparatus is a set of bones that transmit vibrations to the inner ear of some fish. ... Ernst Heinrich Weber, born on June 24, 1795 in Wittenberg, died on January 26, 1878 was a German physician. ... The Weierstrass-Casorati theorem in complex analysis describes the remarkable behavior of holomorphic functions near essential singularities. ... Karl Theodor Wilhelm Weierstraß (October 31, 1815 &#8211; February 19, 1897) was a German mathematician who is often cited as the father of modern analysis. (The letter ß may be transliterated as ss; one often writes Weierstrass. ... Felice Casorati (December 17, 1835 – September 11, 1890) was an Italian mathematician best known for the Weierstrass–Casorati theorem in complex analysis. ... In mathematics, Weierstrasss elliptic functions are a standard type of elliptic functions (the other is the Jacobis elliptic functions). ... In mathematics, the Weierstrass factorization theorem in complex analysis, named after Karl Weierstrass, asserts that entire functions can be represented by a product involving their zeroes. ... In BIOLOGY, the SUMMER VACATION function was the first example found of a Chumba wumbafunction with the property that it is continuous everywhere but differentiable nowhere. ... In mathematics, the Weierstrass M-test is an analogue of the comparison test for infinite series, and applies to a series whose terms are themselves functions of a real variable. ... In mathematics, the Weierstrass preparation theorem is a tool for dealing with analytic functions of several complex variables, at a given point P. It states that such a function is, up to multiplication by a function not zero at P, a polynomial in one fixed variable z, which is monic... Karl Theodor Wilhelm Weierstraß (October 31, 1815 &#8211; February 19, 1897) was a German mathematician who is often cited as the father of modern analysis. (The letter ß may be transliterated as ss; one often writes Weierstrass. ... Weissenberg effect The Weissenberg effect is a common phenomenon that occurs when a spinning rod is placed into a solution of liquid polymer. ... The Weston cell, invented by Edward Weston in 1893, is a wet-chemical cell (colloquially: battery) that produces a highly stable voltage suitable as a laboratory standard for calibration of voltmeters. ... Edward Weston (May 9, 1850 – August 20, 1936) was an English chemist noted for his achievements in electroplating and his development of the battery, named the Weston cell, for voltage standard. ... A Wheatstone bridge is a measuring instrument invented by Samuel Hunter Christie in 1833 and improved and popularized by Sir Charles Wheatstone in 1843. ... Charles Wheatstone Sir Charles Wheatstone (February 6, 1802 - October 19, 1875) was the British inventor of many innovations including the English concertina the Stereoscope an early form of microphone the Playfair cipher (named for Lord Playfair, the person who publicized it) He was a major figure in the development of... Samuel Hunter Christie (1784-1865) was a British scientist and mathematician. ... Bernard Widrow (born December 24, 1929) is a U.S. professor of electrical engineering at Stanford University. ... Dr. Marcian Edward Ted Hoff Jr. ... In physics, the Wiedemann-Franz law states that the ratio of the thermal conductivity (K) to the electrical conductivity (σ) of a metal is proportional to the temperature (T). ... Classic Wien bridge oscillator A Wien bridge oscillator is a type of electronic oscillator that generates sine waves without having any input source. ... Wiens displacement law is a law of physics that states that there is an inverse relationship between the wavelength of the peak of the emission of a black body and its temperature. ... Wilhelm Carl Werner Otto Fritz Franz Wien (January 13, 1864 – August 30, 1928) was a German physicist who, in 1893, used theories about heat and electromagnetism to compose Wiens displacement law, which relates the maximum emission of a blackbody to its temperature. ... The Wiener filter is a filter proposed by Norbert Wiener during the 1940s and published [1]. // Description Unlike the typical filtering theory of designing a filter for a desired frequency response the Wiener filter approaches filtering from a different angle. ... In mathematics, the Wiener process, so named in honor of Norbert Wiener, is a continuous-time Gaussian stochastic process with independent increments used in modelling Brownian motion and some random phenomena observed in finance. ... Norbert Wiener Norbert Wiener (November 26, 1894 - March 18, 1964) was a U.S. mathematician and applied mathematician, especially in the field of electronics engineering. ... Wigner energy is created inside nuclear reactors that use graphite, a form of carbon, as neutron moderator. ... The Wigner effect (named for its discoverer, Eugene Wigner), also known as the discomposition effect, is the displacement of atoms in a solid caused by neutron radiation. ... Eugene Wigner Eugene Paul Wigner (Hungarian Wigner Pál JenÅ‘) (November 17, 1902 – January 1, 1995) was a Hungarian physicist and mathematician who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1963 for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and... A Wigner-Seitz cell, in solid state physics, is a primitive lattice cell. ... Eugene Wigner Eugene Paul Wigner (Hungarian Wigner Pál JenÅ‘) (November 17, 1902 – January 1, 1995) was a Hungarian physicist and mathematician who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1963 for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and... Frederick Seitz (July 4, 1911-) is an American scientist. ... The supercontinent cycle describes the quasi-periodic aggregration and dispersal of Earths continental crust. ... John Tuzo Wilson, CC , OBE , D.Sc , FRSC (October 24, 1908–April 15, 1993) was a Scottish Canadian geophysicist and geologist who achieved worldwide acclaim for his contributions to the theory of plate tectonics, the idea that the rigid outer layers of the Earth (crust and part of the upper... In 1769 a Scottish astronomer named Alexander Wilson noticed that the shape of sunspots noticeably flattened as they approached the Suns limb as the Sun rotated. ... Alexander Wilson (1714 - October 18, 1786) was born in St. ... Olin Chaddock Wilson (January 13, 1909 – July 13, 1994) was an American astronomer best known for his work as a stellar spectroscopist. ... The Woodward Effect, also called the Mach Effect (particularly by Dr. Woodward himself), is an experimental method for propellantless propulsion. ... In optics, two non-Lambertian sources that emit beamed energy can interact in a way that causes a shift in the spectral lines. ... Emil Wolf (July 30, 1922- ) made advancements in Physical Optics, including diffraction, coherence properties of optical fields, spectroscopy of partially coherent radiation, and the theory of direct scattering and inverse scattering. ...

Y

• Yarkovsky effect — Ivan Osipovich Yarkovsky
• YORP effect — Ivan Osipovich Yarkovsky, John A. O'Keefe, V. V. Radzievskii, and Stephen J. Paddack
• Young diagram (a.k.a. Ferrers diagram), Young tableau — Alfred Young
• Young's modulus — Thomas Young

In physics, the Yarkovsky effect is a force felt by a body caused by the momentum carried away by the thermal photons that it emits. ... Ivan Osipovich Yarkovsky (1844-1902) russian civil engineer. ... The Yarkovsky-OKeefe-Radzievskii-Paddack effect, or YORP effect for short, is a second-order variation on the Yarkovsky effect which causes a small body (such as an asteroid) to spin up or down. ... Ivan Osipovich Yarkovsky (1844-1902) russian civil engineer. ... John A. OKeefe (1916-2000) was a planetary scientist with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) from 1958 to 1995. ... In mathematics, a Young tableau is a combinatorial object useful in representation theory. ... In mathematics, a partition of a positive integer n is a way of writing n as a sum of positive integers. ... In mathematics, a Young tableau is a combinatorial object useful in representation theory. ... Alfred Young (16 April 1873 - 15 December 1940) was a mathematician born in Widnes, Lancashire, England. ... In solid mechanics, Youngs modulus (E) is a measure of the stiffness of a given material. ... Thomas Young, English scientist // Young belonged to a Quaker family of Milverton, Somerset, where he was born in 1773, the youngest of ten children. ...

Z

• Zeeman effect — Pieter Zeeman
• Zener effect — Clarence Melvin Zener
• Zeno effect — Zeno of Elea
• Zipf law — George K. Zipf

The Zeeman effect (IPA ) is the splitting of a spectral line into several components in the presence of a magnetic field. ... Pieter Zeeman (May 25, 1865 – October 9, 1943) (pronounced zāmän) was a physicist who shared the 1902 Nobel Prize in Physics with Hendrik Lorentz for his discovery of the Zeeman effect. ... Clarence Melvin Zener (December 1, 1905 _ July 15, 1993) was the American physicist who first described the electrical property exploited by the Zener diode, which Bell Labs then named after him. ... The quantum Zeno effect is a quantum mechanical phenomenon first described by George Sudarshan and Baidyanaith Misra of the University of Texas in 1977. ... Zeno of Elea (IPA:zɛnoʊ, ɛlɛɑː)(circa 490 BC? – circa 430 BC?) was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher of southern Italy and a member of the Eleatic School founded by Parmenides. ... Originally, Zipfs law stated that, in a corpus of natural language utterances, the frequency of any word is roughly inversely proportional to its rank in the frequency table. ... George Kingsley Zipf (IPA ), (1902-1950), was an American linguist and philologist who studied statistical occurrences in different languages. ...

See also

• Eponyms
• Fields of science
• List of eponymous medical signs
• List of scientists
• Lists of etymologies
• Scientific constants named after people
• Scientific laws named after people