NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Scodra

Üsküdar, a district of Istanbul, was also known as Scutari. The Serbian language is one of the standard versions of the Å tokavian dialect, used primarily in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina and by Serbs everywhere. ... 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ... ÃœskÃ¼dar (ancient Scutari) was a city in Bithynia in Anatolia. ... Istanbul (Turkish: Ä°stanbul, see also: other names) is Turkeys largest city, and its cultural and economic center. ...

Shkodër or Shkodra (Serbian Скадар/Skadar, Latin Scodra, Turkish İşkodra or Arnavut İskenderiyesi) is a city located on Lake Skadar (Shkodra Lake) in northwestern Albania in the District of Shkodër, and is the capital of the District of Shkodër. It is one of the oldest and most historic towns in Albania, as well as an important cultural and economic centre. Shkodër's estimated population as of 2004 is 90,000; if the surrounding region is included the population is 110,000. The Serbian language is one of the standard versions of the Å tokavian dialect, used primarily in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina and by Serbs everywhere. ... Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in the region around Rome called Latium. ... Skadar Lake (also called Shkodër, Scutari or Skadarsko lake), is a lake on the border of Serbia and Montenegro and Albania, the largest lake on the Balkan Peninsula. ... The District of ShkodÃ«r (Albanian: Rrethi i ShkodrÃ«s) is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania. ... The District of ShkodÃ«r (Albanian: Rrethi i ShkodrÃ«s) is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania. ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Etymology

The name of the city Shkodër (or Skodra in the early times) is somewhat mysterious. Some scientists believe that the name means "Shko-drin" which means "go drin", drin being the drin river that connects with buna river next to the castle of Rozafa. Some others believe the name has latin root but there are no proofs. Another fact is that the name Skodra was used before Illyrians were occupied from Rome.

History

Archaic

Shkodër was founded around the 4th century BC. This was the site of the Illyrian tribe Labeates as well as the capital of the kingdom of King Gentius and that of Queen Teuta. In the year 168 BC, the city was taken by the Romans and it became an important trade and military route. (2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium) The 4th century BC started on January 1, 400 BC and ended on December 31, 301 BC. // Overview Events Bust of Alexander the Great in the British Museum. ... Illyrians has come to refer to a broad, ill-defined group of peoples who inhabited the western Balkans (from northern Epirus to southern Pannonia) and even perhaps parts of Southern Italy in classical times into the Common era, and spoke Illyrian languages. ... Gentius was the last king of Illyria. ... Queen Teuta (also Queen Tefta), was an Illyrian queen and regent who reigned approximately from 231 BC to 228 BC. After the death of Agron (250 BC?-231 BC) who established the first kingdom of Illyria, extending from Dalmatia on the north to the Aous (Vjosa river) River on the... Centuries: 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC - 1st century BC Decades: 210s BC 200s BC 190s BC 180s BC 170s BC - 160s BC - 150s BC140s BC 130s BC 120s BC 110s BC Years: 173 BC 172 BC 171 BC 170 BC 169 BC - 168 BC - 167 BC 166 BC 165... For other uses, see Roman Empire (disambiguation). ...

Medieval

The dawn of the Middle ages saw waves of Slavs arriving. Byzantine Emperor Heraclius described in his De Administrando Imperio how he gave the Serbs the city of Shkodër and the sourrounding territories of during the first half of the 7th century. They soon formed the Principality of Duklja there. Shkodër was a major city of the medieval Slav state. Duklja was subjected to its northern neighbor, the Principality of Rascia, forming the Grand Principality of Rascia. Its rulers recognized Bulgarian Czars as their supreme rulers during the first half of the 10th century. Soon Grand Prince Časlav Klonimir of the House of Voislav liberated the local Serbian lands from Byzantine and Bulgarian rule. Shkodër soon became Duklja's capital during the reign of Saint John Vladimir in the second half of the 10th century who defended the city from the menacing Arbanass tribes. John had to briefly surrender Duklja to the Bulgarian Czar from Macedonia Samuil. The Byzantines later incorporated the region directly into their empire, forming the theme of Serbia governed by strategos Constantine Diogenes. Stefan Voislav from Travunia expelled the last strategos of Serbia Theophilos Erotikos and fought the Byzantines successfully during the first half of the 11th century, keeping its independence. He liberated the city from the Romei ca 1040. It soon became a major city of a revived Duklja. King Constantin Bodin of Duklja and Dalmatia accepted the crusaders of the Crusade of 1101 in Shkodër. After numerous dynastic struggles, Shkodër become a part of Zeta, an entity subjected to the Grand Principality of Rascia in the 12th century. It later fell to the hands of the Albanian feudal family of the Balsha followed afterwards by the Dukagjini control who surrendered the city to the Venetian rule, forming a coalition against the Ottoman Empire with many neighboring Albanian tribes. The Slavic peoples are the most numerous ethnic and linguistic body of peoples in Europe. ... This is a list of the Emperors of the late Eastern Roman Empire, called Byzantine. ... Heraclius and his sons Heraclius Constantine and Heraclonas. ... De Administrando Imperio is the commonly used title of a scholarly work from ca. ... Serbs (Serbian: Ð¡Ñ€Ð±Ð¸, Srbi) are a south Slavic people who live mainly in Serbia-Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and, to a lesser extent, in Croatia. ... The 7th century is the period from 601 - 700 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian Era. ... Duklja according to De administrando imperio. ... Raška (Raschka, Rascia, Rassa) was the central and most successful medieval Serbian state (or župa, area ruled by a župan) that unified neighboring Serbian tribes into the main medieval Serbian state in Balkans. ... As a means of recording the passage of time, the 10th century was that century which lasted from 901 to 1000. ... Knez/Zupan Caslav Klonimirovic Vlastimirovic Ruler of Serbia (son of Klonimir, grandson of Strojimir). ... Serbia and Montenegro â€“ Serbia â€“ Vojvodina â€“ Kosovo (UN admin. ... Jovan Vladimir (990 - 1016), one of the first rulers of Duklja. ... As a means of recording the passage of time, the 10th century was that century which lasted from 901 to 1000. ... Motto: Free and Strong Anthem: Hymni i Flamurit (Hymn to the Flag) Capital TiranÃ« Largest city TiranÃ« Official language(s) Albanian Government Emerging democracy â€¢ President â€¢ Prime Minister â€¢ Alfred Moisiu â€¢ Sali Berisha Independence â€¢ Date From Ottoman Empire November 28, 1912 Area â€¢ Total 28 748 kmÂ² (139th) 11,100 sq mi â€¢ Water... // Rulers of Bulgaria Note on titles According to a controversial 17th century Volga Bulgar source, early Bulgar leaders bore the title of baltavar, which might mean ruler of Avars, although this is likely a folk etymology. ... Tsar Samuil of Bulgaria (c. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Travunia Travunja Travunians Travunia in the 9th century, according to [[De administrando imperio]] Greek map of Serb lands in the 9th century, according to [[De administrando imperio]] This was a medieval principality located in todays Hercegovina and Southern Dalmatia. ... As a means of recording the passage of time, the 11th century was that century which lasted from 1001 to 1100. ... Events March War of Independence of Western Xia occurred. ... Constantin Bodin (Peter III) was the Czar of Bulgaria in 1072; the last ruler of the House of Comitopuli. ... Map of Croatia with Dalmatia highlighted Dalmatia is a region on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea, in modern Croatia, spreading between the island of Rab in the northwest and the Gulf of Kotor (Boka Kotorska) in the southeast. ... This article is about historical Crusades . ... The Crusade of 1101 was a minor crusade, actually three separate movements, organized in 1100 and 1101 in the successful aftermath of the First Crusade. ... Zeta was one of the first Montenegrin states in the Middle Ages. ... (11th century - 12th century - 13th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 12th century was that century which lasted from 1101 to 1200. ... The Most Serene Republic of Venice (Venetian: SerenÃ¬sima RepÃ¹blica VÃ¨neta; Italian: ) was a Venetian city-state in Northeastern Italy, based around the city of Venice. ... Imperial motto (Ottoman Turkish) Ø¯ÙˆÙ„Øª Ø§Ø¨Ø¯ Ù…Ø¯Øª Devlet-i Ebed-mÃ¼ddet (The Eternal State) The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power (1683) Official language Ottoman Turkish Capital SÃ¶ÄŸÃ¼t (1299-1326), Bursa (1326-1365), Edirne (1365-1453), Ä°stanbul (1453-1922) Imperial anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Sovereigns Padishah of the Osmanl...

Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1920x1440, 1063 KB) Summary Author: Madman, using public domain satellite imagery for the geographic outline, with hand-drawn border and towns Licensing File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1920x1440, 1063 KB) Summary Author: Madman, using public domain satellite imagery for the geographic outline, with hand-drawn border and towns Licensing File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old...

15th to 19th centuries

Shkodër resisted two major Ottoman attacks, in 1474 and 1478-1479, under the leadership of Lekë Dukagjini (who became leader of the Albanian resistance following the death of Skanderbeg in 1468), when the city was entirely surrounded by Ottoman forces. It fell under Turkish rule after a heroic struggle in 1479. After the Turkish occupation the city was devastated, and a large number of the population fled. Around the 17th century, the city began to prosper and it became the center of a sanjak, an Ottoman administrative unit smaller than a vilayet. It became the economic center of northern Albania, its craftsmen producing fabric, silk, arms, and silver artifacts. Construction included two-story stone houses, the bazaar, and the Central or Middle Bridge (Ura e Mesit) over the Kir river, built during the second half of the 18th century, over 100 meters long, with 13 arcs of stone, the largest one being 22 meters wide and 12 meters tall. . Events December 12 - Upon the death of Henry IV of Castile a civil war ensues between his designated successor Isabella I of Castile and her sister Juana who was supported by her husband, Alfonso V of Portugal. ... Events February 18 - George, Duke of Clarence, convicted of treason against his older brother Edward IV of England, is privately executed in the Tower of London. ... Events January 20 - Ferdinand II ascends the throne of Aragon and rules together with his wife Isabella, queen of Castile over most of the Iberian peninsula. ... LekÃ« Dukagjini (1410-1481) is an Albanian historical figure, contemporary of Gjergj Kastriot Skanderbeg, who fought against the Turks and is known for the code of law instituted in northern Albania and still applied today in some remote areas known as Kanuni. ... Scanderbeg and the people, sculpture by Janaq PaÃ§o and Genc Hajdari in the National Museum, Kruje, Albania George Kastrioti (Gjergj Kastrioti) (1405 - January 17, 1468), better known as Skanderbeg, is the most prominent figure in the history of Albania. ... Events Baeda Maryam succeeds his father Zara Yaqob as Emperor of Ethiopia Battle of RigÃ³mezÅ‘ Births February 29 - Pope Paul III (died 1549) Juan del Encina, Spanish poet, dramatist and composer Charles I of Savoy John, Elector of Saxony (died 1532) Juan de ZumÃ¡rraga, Spanish Franciscan prelate and... Imperial motto (Ottoman Turkish) Ø¯ÙˆÙ„Øª Ø§Ø¨Ø¯ Ù…Ø¯Øª Devlet-i Ebed-mÃ¼ddet (The Eternal State) The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power (1683) Official language Ottoman Turkish Capital SÃ¶ÄŸÃ¼t (1299-1326), Bursa (1326-1365), Edirne (1365-1453), Ä°stanbul (1453-1922) Imperial anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Sovereigns Padishah of the Osmanl... (16th century - 17th century - 18th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 17th century was that century which lasted from 1601-1700. ... Sanjak and Sandjak (other variants: sinjaq, sanjaq) are the most common English transliterations of the Turkish word Sancak, which literally means banner. In Arabic the sanjaks were also called liwas. ... Ottoman Empire, 1481-1683 The Ottoman Empire existed from 1299 to 1922 and, at the height of its power in the 16th century, it included nearly 20 million kmÂ² in Anatolia (Asia Minor), the Middle East, parts of North Africa, and much of south-eastern Europe, and the Caucasus. ... The Grand Timcheh of Qoms Bazaar. ... (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ...

In the 18th century Shkodër became the center of the (pashaluk) of Shkodër, under the rule of the Bushati family, which ruled from 1757 to 1831. After the fall of the pashaluk, the people of Shkodër had a number of uprisings against the Ottomans (1833-1836, 1854, 1861-1862, and 1869). (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ... Ottoman Empire, 1481-1683 The Ottoman Empire existed from 1299 to 1922 and, at the height of its power in the 16th century, it included nearly 20 million kmÂ² in Anatolia (Asia Minor), the Middle East, parts of North Africa, and much of south-eastern Europe, and the Caucasus. ... 1757 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Leopold I 1831 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... 1833 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Charles Darwin 1836 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1854 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1861 is a common year starting on Tuesday. ... 1862 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1869 (MDCCCLXIX) is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ...

Shkodër became an important trade center in the second half of the 19th century. Aside from being the center of the vilayet of Shkodër, it was an important trading center for the entire Balkan peninsula. It had over 3,500 shops, and clothing, leather, tobacco, and gun powder were some of the major products of Shkodër. A special administration was established to handle trade, a trade court, and a directorate of postage services with other countries. Other countries had opened consulates in Shkodër ever since 1718. Obot and Ulcinj served as ports for Shkodër, and later on Shëngjin (San Giovanni di Medua). The Jesuit seminar and the Franciscan committee were opened in the 19th century. Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... // Events The Funj warrior aristocracy deposes the reigning mek and places one of their own ranks on the throne of Sennar. ... Ulcinj (Serbian and Montenegrin: Ulcinj or Ð£Ð»Ñ†Ð¸Ñš, Albanian: Ulqin, Italian: Dulcigno, Latin: Ulcinium or Olcinium) is a mainly Albanian inhabited coastal town and municipality of the Republic of Montenegro in Serbia and Montenegro. ... The Society of Jesus (Latin: Societas Iesu), commonly known as the Jesuits, is a Roman Catholic religious order. ... The Order of Friars Minor and other Franciscan movements are disciples of Saint Francis of Assisi. ...

Shkodër played an important role during the League of Prizren, the Albanian liberation movement. The people of Shkodër participated in battles to protect Albanian land. The branch of the League of Prizren for Shkodër, which had its own armed unit, fought for the protection of Plava and Gusinje, Hoti, and Gruda, and the war for the protection of Ulcinj. The League of Prizren (Albanian: Lidhja e Prizrenit) was created on June 10, 1878 in a mosque in Prizren, Kosovo by 300 Albanian nationalist leaders, mostly from Kosovo, Western former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, and Muslim leaders from Bosnia-Hercegovina and the Sandzak, in order to achieve an autonomous Albanian... Plav-Gusinje (Serbian Cyrillic: ÐŸÐ»Ð°Ð²-Ð“ÑƒÑÐ¸ÑšÐµ) is a name for the geographical region in north-eastern Montenegro, Serbia and Montenegro. ... Hoti (Urdu: ÛÙˆØªÛŒ ) is a Baloch tribe in Balochistan, Pakistan. ...

In the 19th century Shkodër was also known as a cultural center. The Bushati Library, built during the 1840s, served as a center for the League of Prizren's branch for Shkodër. Many books were collected in libraries of Catholic missionaries working in Shkodër. Literary, cultural, and sports associations were formed, such as Bashkimi ("The Union") and Agimi ("The Dawn"). The first Albanian newspapers and publications printed in Albania came out of the printing press of Shkodër. The Marubi family of photographers began working in Shkodër, which left behind over 150,000 negatives from the period of the Albanian liberation movement, the rise of the Albanian flag in Vlora, and life in Albanian towns during the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. // Events and Trends Technology First use of general anesthesia in an operation, by Crawford Long The first electrical telegraph sent by Samuel Morse on May 24, 1844 from Baltimore to Washington, D.C.. War, peace and politics First signing of the Treaty of Waitangi (Te Tiriti o Waitangi) on February... Vlora (Photo by Marc Morell) Vlorë (Albanian: Vlorë or Vlora) is the second largest port city of Albania, after Durrës, with a population of about 85,000 (2003 estimate). ... (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999 in the...

Before 1867 Shkodër (İşkodra) was a sanjak of Rumelia eyalet in Ottoman Empire. In 1867, Shkodër sanjak merged with Skopje (Üsküp) sanjak and became the vilayet. Shkodër vilayet was splitted into Shkodër, Prizren and Debar (Debre) sanjaks. In 1877, Prizren passed to Kosovo (Kosova) vilayet and Debar passed to Monastir vilayet. Durres (Dıraç) township was became a sanjak. In 1878 Bar and Podgorica townships belonged to Montenegro. In 1900, Shkodër vilayet splitted into Shkodër and Durres sanjaks. 1867 (MDCCCLXVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Sanjak and Sandjak (other variants: sinjaq, sanjaq) are the most common English transliterations of the Turkish word Sancak, which literally means banner. In Arabic the sanjaks were also called liwas. ... Map of Rumelia as of 1801 Rumelia (turkish: Rum: Roman El: Land Rumeli: Lands of Rome), the area that was the East Roman or Byzantine Empire, a name commonly used, from the 15th century onwards, to denote the part of the Balkan Peninsula subject to the Ottoman Empire. ... Imperial motto (Ottoman Turkish) Ø¯ÙˆÙ„Øª Ø§Ø¨Ø¯ Ù…Ø¯Øª Devlet-i Ebed-mÃ¼ddet (The Eternal State) The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power (1683) Official language Ottoman Turkish Capital SÃ¶ÄŸÃ¼t (1299-1326), Bursa (1326-1365), Edirne (1365-1453), Ä°stanbul (1453-1922) Imperial anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Sovereigns Padishah of the Osmanl... Skopje (Macedonian: Ð¡ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ñ˜Ðµ, Albanian: Shkupi, see also other names of Skopje) is the capital and the largest city of the Republic of Macedonia, as well as the political, cultural, economical and academic centre of the country. ... View of Prizren Prizren (Albanian Prizren/Prizreni, Serbian: ÐŸÑ€Ð¸Ð·Ñ€ÐµÐ½/Prizren) is a historical city located in a United Nations-administered territory of Kosovo, but factually under the Provisional Self-Government) at 42. ... Debar (Macedonian: Дебар, Albanian: Dibra) located in western Macedonia near the city of Gostivar, and the border with Albania. ... 1877 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... For other uses, see Kosovo (disambiguation). ... Debar (Macedonian: Дебар, Albanian: Dibra) located in western Macedonia near the city of Gostivar, and the border with Albania. ... Monastir could be a city in the Republic of Macedonia now called Bitola Monastir, Italy - a village near Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy, famous for fruit production. ... Durrës (Photo by Marc Morell) Durrës (Albanian: Durrës or Durrësi) is the most ancient city of Albania and one of the most economically important as the biggest port city. ... 1878 (MDCCCLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Bar is the major seaport of Serbia and Montenegro on the Adriatic Sea. ... Mayor Dr. Miomir MugoÅ¡a Area - city - municipality kmÂ² 1,399 kmÂ² Population - city - municipality 136,473 169,132 Time zone Summer Time CET (UTC +1) CEST (UTC +2) Founded 14th Century Latitude Longitude 42Â°47 N 19Â°28 E Area code +381 81 Car plates PG Official Website Podgorica... This article is about the country in Europe. ... 1900 (MCM) was an exceptional common year starting on Monday. ... Durrës (Photo by Marc Morell) Durrës (Albanian: Durrës or Durrësi) is the most ancient city of Albania and one of the most economically important as the biggest port city. ...

During the Balkan Wars, Shkodër was sought by the Kingdom of Montenegro. The Ottoman forces led by Essad Pasha had resisted for seven months the surrounding of the town by Montenegrin forces and their Serbian allies. Essad finally surrendered to Montenegro in April, 1913, after Montenegro suffered more that 10,000 casualties. Montenegro was compelled to leave the city to the new country of Albania in May 1913, in accordance with the London Conference of Ambassadors. The outcome as of April 1913 Boundaries on the Balkans after the First and the Second Balkan War (1912-1913) Distribution of races in the Balkan Peninsula and Asia Minor in 1923, Historical Atlas by William R. Shepherd, New York (The map does not reflect the results of the 1923... The history of Montenegro begins in the early Middle Ages, after the arrival of the Slavs into that part of the former Roman province of Dalmatia that forms present-day Montenegro. ... Essad Pasha (born Essad Toptani, 1863 â€“ June 13, 1920) was a leader of the opposition forces that overthrew Prince William of Wied in Albania and served as prime minister of that country for one month, shortly after William left. ... 1913 (MCMXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday. ... This article is about the country in Europe. ... 1913 (MCMXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday. ...

Modern

During World War I, Montenegrin forces again entered Shkodër on June 27th 1915. In January 1916, Shkodër was captured by Austria-Hungary and was the center of the zone of their occupation. After World War I, the international military administration of Albania was temporarily located in Shkodër, and in March, 1920, Shkodër was put under the administration of the national government of Tirana. In the second half of 1920, Shkodër resisted another threat, the military intervention of the forces of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. Shkodër was the center of democratic movements of the years 1921-1924. The democratic opposition won the majority of votes for the Constitutional Assembly, and on May 31st, 1924, the democratic forces took over the town and from Shkodër headed to Tirana. From 1924 to 1939, Shkodër had a slow industrial development, small factories that produced food, textile, and cement were opened. From 43 of such in 1924, the number rose to 70 in 1938. In 1924, Shkodër had 20,000 inhabitants, the number grew to 29,000 in 1938. Combatants Allies: Serbia, Russia, France, Romania, Belgium, British Empire, United States, Italy, and others Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire Casualties Military dead: 5 million Civilian deaths: 3 million Total of dead: 8 million Military dead: 4 million Civilian deaths: 3 million Total dead: 7 million The First... June 27 is the 178th day of the year (179th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 187 days remaining. ... 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1916 (MCMXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... Austria-Hungary, also known as the Dual monarchy (or: the k. ... 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar) // Events January January 3 - Babe Ruth is traded by the Boston Red Sox to the New York Yankees for $125,000, the largest sum ever paid for a player at that time. ... The Kingdom of Yugoslavia was a kingdom in the Balkans which existed from the end of World War I until World War II. It occupied an area made up of the present-day states of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia and Montenegro, Republic of Macedonia, and most of present-day Slovenia... 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... 1924 (MCMXXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... May 31 is the 151st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (152nd in leap years). ... 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Shkodër was the seat of the Catholic archbishopric and had a number of religious schools. The first laic school was opened here in 1913, and the State Gymnasium was opened in 1922. It was the center of many cultural associations, such as "Vllaznia". In Christianity, an archbishop is an elevated bishop heading a diocese of particular importance due to either its size, history, or both, called an archdiocese. ... 1913 (MCMXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday. ... 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...

During the early 1990s, Shkodër was once again a major center, this time of the democratic movement that finally brought to an end the communist regime established by Enver Hoxha. The 1990s decade refers to the years from 1990 to 1999, inclusive. ... // Communist Albania Enver Hoxha Consolidation of Power and Initial Reforms A tiny collection of militant communists moved quickly after World War II to subdue all potential political enemies in Albania, break the countrys landowners and minuscule middle class, and isolate Albania from the noncommunist world in order to establish... Enver Hoxha, (IPA , October 16, 1908â€“April 11, 1985) was the paramount leader of Albania from the end of World War II until his death in 1985, as the First Secretary of the Communist Albanian Party of Labour. ...

Culture

Shkodër is an important educational and industrial center. The city produces various mechanical and electrical components, as well textile and food products. Shkodër is also the site of the Pedagogical Institute and of the Luigj Gurakuqi University of Shkodër. The main library of the city contains more than 250,000 books. Other cultural institutions are the Cultural Center, the Artists and Writers Association, the "Migjeni" Theater (named after Millosh Gjergj Nikolla), the Gallery of Arts, and the Museum of History. Other noteworthy cultural elements include the Castle of Shkodër (aka Castle of Rozafa), the Turkish Bath, the Lead Mosque. Millosh Gjergj Nikolla (as a boy, his name was Mirko, October 13, 1911 - August 26, 1938) was an Albanian poet born in ShkodÃ«r, Albania of a Serbian father and an Albanian mother in a family originally from Debar. ... A Turkish bath is a method of cleansing the body and relaxation that was particularly popular during the Victorian era. ...

Shkodër is also famous for its Islamic scholarship. Indeed it was the only institution in Albania which provided high-level education in Arabic and Islamic Studies.

Music

The songs of the northern city of Shkodër - one of the most cosmopolitan of Albanian towns and the centre of intellectual life - are different from the rural music. Lyrical, romantic and sophisticated, with oriental-sounding scales and a constant interplay of major and minor, they bear an affinity with the sevdalinke of Bosnia and the neighboring Sandzak, but differ from them in their extreme and typically Albanian restraint and the exceptional fluidity of rhythm and tempo. Early descriptions of such groups, which date from the end of the nineteenth century, suggest a remarkable sound: violin, clarinet, saz, def, sometimes and Indian-style harmonium and percussion provided by rattling a stick between two bottles. These days the accordion and guitar have replaced the more exotic instruments, but the intimate approach of the singers remains the same. Among the most important players are Bik Ndoja, Luçija Miloti, Xhevdet Hafizi andBujar Qamili. Bosnia and Herzegovina (officially Bosna i Hercegovina, shortened to BiH, also in English variously written Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bosnia and Hercegovina, Bosnia-Hercegovina) is a mountainous country in the western Balkans. ... This page is about a region in Serbia and Montenegro; for districts of the Ottoman Empire, see Sanjak. ...

Sights

Today the city and the area around it is blessed with numerous and different natural and cultural objects. The most attractive quarters with such peculiarities are Serresh and Gjuhadol, but the most important objects is the castle of Rozafa. The history of the castle starts since the Illyrian times. A very interesting legend explains its history. The main theme of the legend has to do with keeping of promise. Rozafa the bride of the youngest of three brothers was walled up in order that the walls of the castle do not fall down by the night. The water passing through the stones at the main entrance are connected in the folk fantasy with the water going out from the bossom of Rozafa, which she left out during the time she was walled up in order to feed her little baby.

Another interesting historical site are the ruins of medieval town of Sarda, situated only 15 km far away from Shkodër. To go there you must take a motor-boat which sails from the dam of Vau i Dejes artificial lake to the island where Sarda is located (10 miles). This boat operates for tourists during the summer times, twice per week. Sarda was a mediaval town with a surface of 5 ha built on the top of the hill surrounded by the waters of Drini river (now artificial lake). It was the residential place of the famous Dukagjini Feudal Family. There was a great prince palace of this family.

The very characteristic appearance of the city is formed by the old houses and the narrow streets formed by tall stone walls. After World War II, Shkodër was rebuilt with wider streets and new residential buildings. These were built in several new quarters. Shkodra is also the home of the biggest and liveliest stadium in Albania (loro borici) : The stadium of Shkodra. Combatants Allies: Poland, British Commonwealth, France/Free France, Soviet Union, United States, China, and others Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, Japan, and others Casualties Military dead: 17 million Civilian dead: 33 million Total dead: 50 million Military dead: 8 million Civilian dead: 4 million Total dead: 12 million World War II...

Contents

Etymology

History

Archaic

Medieval

15th to 19th centuries

Modern

Culture

Music

Sights

See also

Photos

Contents

Etymology GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");

History

Archaic

Medieval

15th to 19th centuries

Modern

Culture

Music

Sights

See also

Photos

Etymology