The Gaels are an ethno-linguistic group in Ireland, Scotland and the Isle of Man, whose language is of the Gaelic (Goidelic) family, a division of Insular Celtic languages. The word in English was adopted in 1810 from Scottish Gaelic Gaidheal (compare Irish Gaedhealg and Old Irish Goídeleg) to designate a Highlander (OED). Gael or Goídeleg was first used as a collective term to describe people from Ireland; it is thought to have come from Welsh Gwyddel (Old Welsh Goídel), originally "raider", now "Irish person". As a Christian ecclesiastical term, Catholic - from the Greek adjective , meaning general or universal[1] - is described in the Oxford English Dictionary as follows: ~Church, (originally) whole body of Christians; ~, belonging to or in accord with (a) this, (b) the church before separation into Greek or Eastern and Latin or... Protestantism is one of three main groups within Christianity. ... Presbyterianism is part of the Reformed churches family of denominations of Christian Protestantism based on the teachings of John Calvin which traces its institutional roots to the Scottish Reformation, especially as led by John Knox. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Anthropological linguistics is the study of language through human genetics and human development. ... Motto: (Latin for No one provokes me with impunity)1 Anthem: Multiple unofficial anthems Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow Official language(s) English, Gaelic, Scots 2 Government Constitutional monarchy  - Queen Queen Elizabeth II  - Prime Minister of the UK Tony Blair MP  - First Minister Jack McConnell MSP Unification    - by Kenneth I... Goidelic is one of two major divisions of modern-day Celtic languages (the other being Brythonic). ... The Insular Celtic language hypothesis groups the Goidelic languages, which include Irish, Scottish Gaelic and the recently extinct Manx, together with the Brythonic languages, of which the modern ones are Welsh, Breton, and the moribund Cornish. ... Note: This page contains phonetic information presented in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) using Unicode. ... Old Irish is the name given to the oldest form of the Irish language which can be, more or less, fully reconstructed from extant sources. ... The Oxford English Dictionary print set The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) is a dictionary published by the Oxford University Press (OUP), and is generally regarded as the most comprehensive and scholarly dictionary of the English language. ... Welsh redirects here, and this article describes the Welsh language. ...

Many people who do not speak Gaelic consider themselves to be 'Gaels' in a broader sense because of their ancestry and heritage.

Mythological origin

The Gaels, during the beginning of the Christian era (at which time Gaelic people were mostly restricted to Ireland), believed themselves to be descendants of the Milesians (the sons of Míl Espáine) coming from the north of Iberia, mainly Gallaecia (modern Galicia and northern Portugal), where there existed also an early form of Ogham script. This belief persists in the Gaelic cultures of Ireland and Scotland up to the present day, with many if not most clan leaders in either country claiming descent from their predecessor, back to famous historical kings going back into pre-history. Much of this is covered in the Lebor Gabála Érenn, which catalogues the path of the Gaels' ancestors in a way that, while mostly mythic, may be an embellished account of actual historical events. Discovery of a form of early Ogham script in Gallaecia, as well as genetic studies linking the Gaels to the Basques in northwestern Spain, lends credence to such a theory. Anno Domini (Latin: In the year of the Lord), or more completely Anno Domini Nostri Jesu Christi (in the year of our Lord Jesus Christ), commonly abbreviated AD or A.D., is the designation used to number years in the dominant Christian Era in the world today. ... In Irish mythology the Milesians or Sons of Míl Espáine were the final inhabitants of Ireland, representing the Goidelic Celts. ... In Irish mythology Míl Espáine (Latin Miles Hispaniae, Soldier of Hispania, that is Iberia or modern Spain and Portugal) is the ancestor of the final inhabitants of Ireland, the sons of Míl or Milesians, who represent the Goidelic Celts. ... The Iberian Peninsula, or Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe. ... Gallaecia or Callaecia (from Gaulish *gal-laikos smoke?-hero/warrior) was the name of a Roman province that comprised a territory in the north-west of Hispania (approximately the current Galicia of Spain and the north of Portugal). ... Galicia (Spain) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... Região Norte (pron. ...   Note: This article contains special characters. ... Lebor Gabála Érenn (The Book of the Taking of Ireland) is the Middle Irish title of a loose collection of poems and prose narratives recounting the mythical origins and history of the Irish race from the creation of the world down to the Middle Ages. ...   Note: This article contains special characters. ... Gallaecia or Callaecia (from Gaulish *gal-laikos smoke?-hero/warrior) was the name of a Roman province that comprised a territory in the north-west of Hispania (approximately the current Galicia of Spain and the north of Portugal). ... This article is about the Basque people. ...

Historical expansion

It is not known with any certainty when speakers of a Goidelic (or Q-Celtic) language reached Ireland, or how they came to be the dominant culture, or if Q-Celtic didn't develop entirely in Ireland from a previous dialect. Some believe Goidelic replaced some pre-existing Brythonic (or P-Celtic) language(s), but it is not known whether this represents one population displacing others, an invader becoming a new ruling caste, or simply the spread of a new lingua franca. Before and during the age of the Roman Empire there was a great deal of movement, interaction and competition among the peoples referred to collectively as the Celts; Iron Age Europe can perhaps be best understood as a cultural foment. Goidelic is one of two major divisions of modern-day Celtic languages (the other being Brythonic). ... Goidelic is one of two major divisions of modern-day Celtic languages (the other being Brythonic). ... Brythonic is one of two major divisions of Insular Celtic languages (the other being Goidelic). ... Brythonic is one of two major divisions of Insular Celtic languages (the other being Goidelic). ... A Celtic cross. ...

Estimates of the arrival of proto-Gaelic in Ireland vary widely from the introduction of agriculture circa 4000 BC to around the first few centuries BC. Little can be said with certainty, as the language now known as Old Irish, ancestral to modern Irish, Scots Gaelic and Manx, only began to be properly recorded with the Christianization of Ireland in about the 5th Century AD. (It is believed that pre-Christian Celtic culture disparaged written language.) However Old Irish - or more correctly, its precursor Primitive Irish - does appear in a specialized written form, using a unique script known as Ogham. This is known to us now almost only in the form of messages on pillar-like stone monuments. Ogham stones are found both throughout Ireland and where Gaelic invaders settled across post-Roman Britain. They frequently encode nothing more than a name, and it is thought they may represent territorial claims. Old Irish is the name given to the oldest form of the Irish language which can be more or less fully reconstructed from extant sources. ... Note: This page contains phonetic information presented in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) using Unicode. ... Primitive Irish is the oldest known form of the Irish language, known only from fragments, mostly personal names, inscribed on stone in the ogham alphabet in Ireland and western Britain up to about the 4th century. ...   Note: This article contains special characters. ...

Starting sometime around the 5th century Gaelic language and culture spread from Ireland to the southwest coast of Scotland where it may have already existed since Roman times. Uncertainty over this comes as a result of the fact that there is disputed archaeological evidence to support the generally accepted tale of migration while there is some to suggest that there was none - the evidence also points to the population of the area (modern day Argyll) being constant during the time of the alleged Scottish invasion. This area was known as Dál Riata. The Gaels soon spread out to most of the rest of the country. Culturo-linguistic dominance in the area eventually led to the Latin name for Gaelic speaking peoples, "Scoti", being applied to the state founded by the Gaels, Scotland (Alba in Gaelic). Since that time Gaelic language rose and, in the past three centuries, greatly diminished, in most of Ireland and Scotland. The most culturally and linguistically Gaelic regions are in the north west of Scotland, the west of Ireland and Cape Breton Island in Nova Scotia where the descendants of the Highland Clearances were transplanted. Europe in 450 The 5th century is the period from 401 - 500 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian Era. ... Dál Riata (also Dalriada or Dalriata) was a Goidelic kingdom on the western seaboard of Scotland and the northern coasts of Ireland, situated in the traditional Scottish and Northern Irish counties of Argyll, Bute and County Antrim. ... Alba is the ancient and modern Gaelic name (IPA: ) for the country of Scotland (also Alba in Irish, and in Old Gaelic Albu). ... The Scottish Highlands are the mountainous regions of Scotland north and west of the Highland Boundary Fault. ... Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, Canada NASA landsat photo of Cape Breton Island Cape Breton Island (French: île du Cap-Breton, Scottish Gaelic: Eilean Cheap Breatuinn, Míkmaq: Únamakika, simply: Cape Breton) is an island on the Atlantic coast of North America. ... Motto: Munit Haec et Altera Vincit (Latin: One defends and the other conquers) Official languages none (English, French, Gaelic) Flower Mayflower Tree Red Spruce Bird Osprey Capital Halifax Largest city Halifax Lieutenant-Governor Mayann E. Francis Premier Rodney MacDonald (PC) Parliamentary representation  - House seats  - Senate seats 11 10 Area Total... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...

The Isle of Man (Manx Gaelic Ellan Vannin, "Mannin's Isle", from the pre-Christian deity known as Manannan Mac Lír) also came under massive Gaelic influence in its history. The last native speaker of Manx died in the 1970s, but the language never really died out. There is now a resurgent language movement and Manx is once again taught in all schools as a second language and in some as a first language. A large part of the island's cultural heritage is Gaelic. Manx (Gaelg or Gailck), also known as Manx Gaelic, is a Goidelic language spoken on the Isle of Man. ... In Irish mythology, Manannan mac Lir was a sea and weather god. ... The 1970s decade refers to the years from 1970 to 1979, inclusive. ...

On account of their myths, Robert Graves believed they were matrilineal pre-Indo-Europeans that had accepted a patriarchal male Indo-European aristocracy, incorporated through marriage to their Queen-Priestesses. From the genetic evidence gathered sixty years after Graves formulated that theory, J.F. del Giorgio corroborated it in The Oldest Europeans, pointing that from genes and language and the surprising high status of their women, is obvious that a majority of peoples who were in Europe since the Paleolithic, blended with a minority of incomers during the Neolithic, modifying their rituals and traditions, and accepting most of their language. Portrait of Robert Graves (circa 1974) by Rab Shiell Robert von Ranke Graves (24 July 1895 – 7 December 1985) was an English scholar, poet, and novelist. ... Matrilineality is a system in which one belongs to ones mothers lineage; it may also involve the inheritance of property or titles through the female line. ... The Pre-Indo-European population of Europe included an unknown number of ethnic groups in Europe before the coming of the speakers of Indo-European languages. ... For the language group see Indo-European languages; for other uses see Indo-European (disambiguation) Indo-Europeans are speakers of Indo-European languages. ...

Current distribution

The two comparatively 'major' Gaelic nations in the modern era are Scotland, which has a population of roughly between 60,000 and 90,000 Gaels, and Ireland which has over 200,000 or more. Communities where the language is still spoken natively are restricted largely to the west coast of each country and especially the Hebrides in Scotland. However, large proportions of Gaelic speakers also live in the cities of Glasgow and Edinburgh in Scotland as well as Galway, Cork and Dublin in Ireland. There are between 500 - 1,000 Canadian Gaels although they are generally of a very advanced age and concentrated in Nova Scotia, Cape Breton Island and Newfoundland. According to the 2000 US Census, there are about 25,000 Irish Gaels in the United States with the majority found in urban areas with large Irish-American communities such as Boston, New York City and Chicago. Motto: (Latin for No one provokes me with impunity)1 Anthem: Multiple unofficial anthems Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow Official language(s) English, Gaelic, Scots 2 Government Constitutional monarchy  - Queen Queen Elizabeth II  - Prime Minister of the UK Tony Blair MP  - First Minister Jack McConnell MSP Unification    - by Kenneth I... The Hebrides The Hebrides comprise a widespread and diverse archipelago off the west coast of Scotland, and in geological terms are composed of the oldest rocks in the British Isles. ... For other uses, see Glasgow (disambiguation). ... Edinburgh (pronounced ; Scottish Gaelic: ) is the capital of Scotland and its second-largest city. ... WGS-84 (GPS) Coordinates: 53. ... WGS-84 (GPS) Coordinates: 51. ... WGS-84 (GPS) Coordinates: 53. ... Motto: Munit Haec et Altera Vincit (Latin: One defends and the other conquers) Official languages none (English, French, Gaelic) Flower Mayflower Tree Red Spruce Bird Osprey Capital Halifax Largest city Halifax Lieutenant-Governor Mayann E. Francis Premier Rodney MacDonald (PC) Parliamentary representation  - House seats  - Senate seats 11 10 Area Total... Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, Canada NASA landsat photo of Cape Breton Island Cape Breton Island (French: île du Cap-Breton, Scottish Gaelic: Eilean Cheap Breatuinn, Míkmaq: Únamakika, simply: Cape Breton) is an island on the Atlantic coast of North America. ... Newfoundland —   (stress on final syllable; for mispronunciations, see Newfoundland travel guide from Wikitravel)— (French: , Irish: ) is a large island off the east coast of North America, and the most populous part of the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. ... Population density of people born in Ireland, 1870; these were mostly Catholics; the older Scots Irish immigration is not shown. ... Nickname: City on the Hill, Beantown, The Hub (of the Universe)1, Athens of America, The Cradle of Revolution, Puritan City, Americas Walking City Location in Massachusetts, USA Counties Suffolk County Mayor Thomas M. Menino(D) Area    - City 232. ... Nickname: Big Apple, City that never Sleeps, Gotham Location in the state of New York Coordinates: Country United States State New York Boroughs The Bronx Manhattan Queens Brooklyn Staten Island Settled 1613 Mayor Michael Bloomberg (R) Area    - City 1,214. ... Nickname: The Windy City, The Second City, Chi Town, The City of Big Shoulders The 312 Motto: Urbs In Horto (Latin: City in a Garden), I Will Location in Chicagoland and Illinois Coordinates: Country United States State Illinois County Cook Incorporated March 4, 1837 Mayor Richard M. Daley (D) Area...

Famous Gaels

• Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill, King of Meath and High King of Ireland, 988-1002 and 1014-1022 - took Dublin from the Norse in 988 (which is thus taken as the founding date of Dublin); reign interrupted by Brian Boru, 1002-1014
• Brian Boru - King of Munster and High King of Ireland, killed 1014
• Edward Bruce – Scottish resistance leader and eventually High King of Ireland; the younger brother of Robert the Bruce.
• Robert the Bruce - King of Scotland with mixed Norman and Gaelic heritage
• St. Columba The Gaelic monk credited with introducing Christianity to Scotland.
• Rob Donn 18th century Scottish Gaelic poet often referred to as ‘Rob Donn MacAoidh.’
• Piaras Feiritéar – Irish language poet
• George Campbell Hay – 20th century Scottish poet, nationalist and translator who translated poetry from many languages into Scottish Gaelic under the patronymic Deòrsa Mac Iain Deòrsa.
• Enda Kenny - Irish politician. Leader of Fine Gael
• Iain Lom – 17th century Scottish Gaelic political poet of the clan MacDonald and an early Jacobite
• Cináed mac Ailpín – Often anglicized as Kenneth I of Scotland. Traditionally considered the first, founding king of Scotland.
• Macbeth of Scotland – high king of Scotland, immortalized in the play Macbeth by William Shakespeare
• Donald Caskie - Church of Scotland minister who earned the name "Tartan Pimpernel" for his exploits in occupied France during World War II which saw him allow some 2,000 allied soldiers to escape.
• Alasdair MacColla famous Scottish soldier during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms commemorated in the poetry of Iain Lom
• Áedán mac Gabráin – Scottish king of Dál Riata
• Iain Mac a’Ghobhainn (Iain Crichton Smith) – 20th century Scottish man of letters who wrote both poetry and prose in Scottish Gaelic.
• Rob Roy MacGregor the anglicized version of the Scottish Gaelic Raibeart Ruadh, the famous highland outlaw often regarded as a Scottish equivalent of Robin Hood
• Sorley MacLean –highly influential 20th century Scottish Gaelic poet. Alternatively referred to as Somhairle MacGill-Eain
• Alasdair MacMhaighstir Alasdair –18th century Scottish Gaelic poet and lexicographer; Compiler of the first Scottish Gaelic/English Vocabulary.
• Dermot MacMurrough - Irish King of Leinster
• James MacPherson Scottish poet and Gaelic scholar, known as the "translator" of the Ossian cycle of poems.
• Echmarcach mac Ragnaill - King of Dublin, ruler of the Irish Sea, died after 1061
• Maelruanaidh Mor mac Tadg - founder of the kingdom of Moylurg, fl. 956
• Ruaidri mac Tairrdelbach Ua Conchobair – often anglicized as Rory O’Connor; king of Connacht and High King of Ireland
• Ned Maddrell – Purportedly the last native speaker of Manx Gaelic
• Martin Martin - 17th century Scottish writer raised in the Gàidhealtachd. His description of the western Isles of Scotland provided the standard source material for writers such as Dr. Johnson
• Brian Merriman – Irish language poet and author of Cúirt An Mheán Oíche or 'The Midnight Court'
• Máire Mhac an tSaoi – Modern Irish language poet and wife of the Catholic Unionist Conor Cruise O'Brien
• John Munro – Scottish war poet who wrote in Scottish Gaelic under the pseudonymn of ‘Iain Rothach’ during World War I
• William Neill –Modern Scottish poet from Ayrshire whose works are written in Scottish Gaelic, Irish Gaelic, and Lowland Scots.
• Niall of the Nine Hostages - ancestor of many Irish dynasties; died c.450/455
• Eithne ní Bhraonáin (Enya) – Irish Singer/Songwriter
• Máire Ní Bhraonáin – Irish Musician and song writer. Member of the band Clannad
• Mairéad Ní Mhaonaigh – Irish fidler and vocalist. Member of the band Altan
• Pól Ó Braonáin – Irish musician. Member of Clannad
• Dáibhí Ó Bruadair – Bardic poet
• Éamon Ó Cuív – Irish Minister for Gaeltacht Affairs
• Máirtín Ó Direáin - modern Irish language poet
• Liam O'Flaherty – Irish novelist and shortstory writer born and raised in the Aran Islands of the Galway Gaeltachtaí
• Proinsias Ó Maonaigh – Irish musician
• Rory O'More - leader of the Irish Rebellion of 1641
• Micheál Ó Muircheartaigh – Irish Gaelic Games comentator for the Radio Telifís Éireann and a native speaker of Irish
• Aodh Mór Ó Néill – Earl of Tyrone and Irish resistance leader. Often anlgicized as Hugh O’Niell
• Phelim O'Neill - leader of the Irish Rebellion of 1641 and kinsman of Owen Roe O'Neill
• Owen Roe O'Neill - the anglicised version of Eoghan Rua Ó Néill; the early Irish nationalist and a major player during the Irish Confederate Wars
• Antoine Ó Raifteiri - Irish language folk poet of the 19th century
• Aogán Ó Rathaille - Irish language poet of the aisling genre
• Cathal Ó Searcaigh – modern Irish language poet.

Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill (died 2 September 1022), sometimes called Máel Sechnaill Mór or Máel Sechnaill II, was king of Mide and High King of Ireland. ... Meath (An Mhí in Irish) is a county in the Republic of Ireland, the county is often informally called The Royal County. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Events Vladimir I, Prince of Kiev marries Anna, sister of Byzantine emperor Basil II and converts to Christianity. ... Events November 13 - English king Ethelred gives order to kill all Danes in England, leading to the St. ... Events February 14 - Pope Benedict VIII recognizes Henry of Bavaria as King of Germany July 29 - Battle of Kleidion: Basil II inflicts not only a decisive defeat on the Bulgarian army, but his subsequent savage treatment of 15,000 prisoners reportedly causes Tsar Samuil of Bulgaria to die of shock... Events Several Catharist heretics are killed in Toulouse. ... WGS-84 (GPS) Coordinates: 53. ... Norse is related to Scandinavia, and may mean: Ancient Norse mythology Medieval Norsemen, i. ... Events November 13 - English king Ethelred gives order to kill all Danes in England, leading to the St. ... Events February 14 - Pope Benedict VIII recognizes Henry of Bavaria as King of Germany July 29 - Battle of Kleidion: Basil II inflicts not only a decisive defeat on the Bulgarian army, but his subsequent savage treatment of 15,000 prisoners reportedly causes Tsar Samuil of Bulgaria to die of shock... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Statistics Area: 24,607. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Events February 14 - Pope Benedict VIII recognizes Henry of Bavaria as King of Germany July 29 - Battle of Kleidion: Basil II inflicts not only a decisive defeat on the Bulgarian army, but his subsequent savage treatment of 15,000 prisoners reportedly causes Tsar Samuil of Bulgaria to die of shock... // Edward Bruce (Edubard a Briuis as he was known in medieval Gaelic), (c. ... Motto: (Latin for No one provokes me with impunity)1 Anthem: Multiple unofficial anthems Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow Official language(s) English, Gaelic, Scots 2 Government Constitutional monarchy  - Queen Queen Elizabeth II  - Prime Minister of the UK Tony Blair MP  - First Minister Jack McConnell MSP Unification    - by Kenneth I... Robert I, King of Scots, usually known as Robert the Bruce (July 11, 1274 – June 7, 1329, reigned 1306 – 1329), was, according to a modern biographer (Geoffrey Barrow), a great hero who lived in a minor country. ... Norman conquests in red. ... A separate article is titled Columba (constellation). ... This article is becoming very long. ... Rob Donn (Brown haired Rob) was a Scottish Gaelic poet from Sutherland. ... (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ... // Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) is a member of the Goidelic branch of Celtic languages. ... A poet is someone who writes poetry. ... Piaras Feiritéar (1600? – 1653) was an Irish language poet. ... Irish (), a Goidelic language spoken in Ireland, is constitutionally recognised as the first official language of the Republic of Ireland, and has official recognition in Northern Ireland as well. ... George Campbell Hay (1915-1984) was a Scottish poet and translator, who wrote in Scottish Gaelic, Lowland Scots and English. ... Nationalism is an ideology that creates and sustains a nation as a concept of a common identity for groups of humans. ... Enda Kenny (Irish name: Éanna Ó Cionnaith; born 24 April 1951), an Irish politician, is the 10th leader of the Fine Gael party and Leader of the Opposition in Dáil Éireann. ... Fine Gael (IPA: , though often anglicized to (approximate English translation: Family of the Irish) and officially, Fine Gael - United Ireland Party, is the second largest political party in Ireland, presently forming the largest opposition party in the Oireachtas (Irish Parliament), and claims a membership of over 34,000. ... Iain Lom was a Scottish Gaelic poet. ... (16th century - 17th century - 18th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 17th century was that century which lasted from 1601-1700. ... A clan is a group of people united by kinship and descent, which is defined by perceived descent from a common ancestor. ... The Donald Clan Crest. ... Jacobite refers to: A follower of Jacobitism, the political movement dedicated to the return of the Stuart kings to the thrones of England and Scotland A member of the Jacobite Orthodox Church of Syria. ... Kenneth MacAlpin (c. ... For other uses, see Macbeth (disambiguation). ... Scene from Macbeth, depicting the witches conjuring of an apparition in Act IV, Scene I. Painting by William Rimmer The Tragedy of Macbeth is among the most famous of William Shakespeares plays, as well as his shortest tragedy. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... The Church of Scotland (CofS, known informally as The Kirk, Eaglais na h-Alba in Scottish Gaelic) is the national church of Scotland. ... For other types of minister, see Minister In Christian churches, a minister is a man or woman who serves a congregation or participates in a role in a parachurch ministry; such persons can minister as a Pastor, Preacher, Bishop, Chaplain, Deacon or Elder. ... Combatants Major Allied powers: United Kingdom Soviet Union United States Republic of China and others Major Axis powers: Nazi Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Harry Truman Chiang Kai-Shek Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tojo Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead... Alasdair MacColla (circa 1620 to 1647) was a Scottish-Irish soldier. ... The Wars of the Three Kingdoms were an intertwined series of conflicts that took place in Scotland, Ireland, and England between 1639 and 1651 at a time when these countries had come under the Personal Rule of the same monarch. ... Iain Lom was a Scottish Gaelic poet. ... Satellite image of northern Britain and Ireland showing the approximate area of Dál Riata (shaded). ... Dál Riata (also Dalriada or Dalriata) was a Goidelic kingdom on the western seaboard of Scotland and the northern coasts of Ireland, situated in the traditional Scottish and Northern Irish counties of Argyll, Bute and County Antrim. ... Iain Crichton Smith (Iain Mac aGhobhainn) (January 1, 1928 - October 15, 1998) was a Scottish man of letters, writing in both English and Scottish Gaelic, and a prolific author in both languages. ... An intellectual is a person who uses his or her intellect to study, reflect, and speculate on a variety of different ideas. ... Robert Roy MacGregor, usually known simply as Rob Roy, was a Scottish folk hero and outlaw of the 18th century. ... Robin Hood memorial statue in Nottingham. ... Sorley MacLean (Scottish Gaelic: ) (b. ... Alasdair MacMhaighstear Alasdair (c. ... A lexicographer is a person devoted to the study of lexicography, especially an author of a dictionary. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Diarmait Mac Murchada (also known as Diarmait na nGall, Dermot of the Foreigners), anglicized as Dermot MacMurrough (died 1 January 1171) was the King of Leinster, and is often considered to have been the most notorious traitor in Irish history. ... Statistics Area: 19,774. ... James Macpherson (October 27, 1736–February 17, 1796), was a Scottish poet, known as the translator of the Ossian cycle of poems (also known as the Oisín cycle). ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Oisín. ... Echmarcach mac Ragnaill was the Gall-Gaidhel King of the Isles, Dublin (1036-1038 & 1046-1052), and much of Galloway. ... WGS-84 (GPS) Coordinates: 53. ... Relief map of the Irish Sea. ... Events Normans conquer Messina in Sicily Pope Alexander II elected The building of the Speyer Cathedral in Speyer, Germany, had begun to be built. ... Maelruanaidh Mor mac Tadg, first King of Moylurg, and ancestor to all subsequent Kings of Moylurg. ... Moylurg was the name of a kingdom located in the north-east of Connaught, the western province of Ireland, from c. ... Deaths April 8 - Gilbert of Chalon, Duke of Burgundy Categories: 956 ... Note: Rory OConnor can also refer to the Irish Republican of the 1920s, who fought in the Anglo-Irish War and the Irish Civil War Ruaidri Ua Conchobair (d. ... Connaught redirects here. ... Edward Ned Maddrell (1877?–December 27, 1974) was a fisherman from the Isle of Man who was arguably the last surviving native speaker of the Manx language. ... Martin Martin (?1699-1719) was a Scottish writer, he is best known for his work A Description of the Western Isles of Scotland (1695), particularly noted for its information on St Kilda. ... (16th century - 17th century - 18th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 17th century was that century which lasted from 1601-1700. ... The Gàidhealtachd, sometimes known as A Ghàidhealtachd (the Gàidhealtachd), usually refers to the Scottish Highlands in Scottish Gaelic. ... This article is about the literary figure. ... Brian Merriman (1749 – July 27, 1805) was an Irish language poet and teacher. ... Irish (), a Goidelic language spoken in Ireland, is constitutionally recognised as the first official language of the Republic of Ireland, and has official recognition in Northern Ireland as well. ... Máire Mhac an tSaoi is an Irish language scholar and academic. ... A Catholic Unionist is a Northern Irish, Roman Catholic, who supports continuing ties between Northern Ireland and Great Britain. ... Conor Cruise OBrien (born 3 November 1917) is an Irish politician, writer and academic. ... John Munro (1889-1918), was a Scottish soldier and poet who won the Military Cross during the First World War. ... A pseudonym or allonym is a name (sometimes legally adopted, sometimes purely fictitious) used by an individual as an alternative to their birth name. ... Combatants Allied Powers: British Empire France Italy Russia United States Central Powers: Austria-Hungary Bulgaria Germany Ottoman Empire Commanders Ferdinand Foch Georges Clemenceau Joseph Joffre Victor Emmanuel III Luigi Cadorna Armando Diaz Nicholas II Aleksei Brusilov Herbert Henry Asquith Douglas Haig John Jellicoe Woodrow Wilson John Pershing Wilhelm II Paul... William Neill (born 1922) is a Scottish poet who writes in Scottish and Irish Gaelic, Lowland Scots and English. ... Ayrshire (Siorrachd Inbhir Àir in Scottish Gaelic) is a region of south-west Scotland, located on the shores of the Firth of Clyde. ... Scots is an Anglic variety spoken in Scotland, where it is sometimes called Lowland Scots to distinguish it from Scottish Gaelic spoken by some in the Highlands and Islands (especially the Hebrides). ... Niall of the Nine Hostages (Irish: Niall Noigíallach) was a High King of Ireland who was active in the early-to-mid 5th century, dying - according to the latest estimates - around 450-455. ... Events August 25 - Marcian proclaimed Eastern Roman Emperor by Aspar and Pulcheria. ... Events June 2 - Gaiseric leads the Vandals into Rome and plunder the city for two weeks. ... Enya, birth name Eithne Ní Bhraonáin (sometimes presented in the media as the Anglicised Enya Brennan; born May 17, 1961), is the Republic of Irelands best-selling solo artist and one of Irelands best known musicians. ... World-renowned singer Moya Brennan of solo and Clannad fame. ... Clannad is an Irish musical group, from Gweedore (Gaoth Dobhair), County Donegal. ... 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The Aran Islands (Irish: Na hOileáin Árann) are a group of three islands located at the mouth of Galway Bay, on the west coast of Ireland. ... Statistics Province: Connacht County Town: Galway Code: G (GY proposed) Area: 6,148 km² Population (2006) 231,035 (including Galway City); 159,052 (without Galway City) Website: www. ... Gaeltacht regions in Ireland Gaeltacht (pronounced ; plural Gaeltachtaí) is an Irish word for an Irish-speaking region. ... Proinsias Ó Maonaigh or Francie Mooney (1922-2006) is a fiddler from County Donegal, Ireland. ... Colonel Rory (Roger) OMoore (b. ... The Irish Rebellion of 1641 began as an attempted coup détat by Irish Catholic gentry, but rapidly degenerated into bloody intercommunal violence between native Irish Catholics and English and Scottish Protestant settlers. ... Micheál Ó Muircheartaigh (born 1930) is an Irish Gaelic games commentator for Radio Telifís Éireann. ... 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See also

• Irish Gaelic
• Scottish Gaelic
• Manx Gaelic
• Scottish Gaelic in Canada
• Newfoundland Irish
• Ireland
• Scotland
• Isle of Man
• Gàidhealtachd
• Gaeltacht
• Gaelicization
• Gaelic clothing and fashion
• Gaelic warfare
• Scotland in the High Middle Ages
• Hiberno-Scottish mission

Note: This page contains phonetic information presented in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) using Unicode. ... Note: This page contains phonetic information presented in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) using Unicode. ... Manx (Gaelg or Gailck), also known as Manx Gaelic, is a Goidelic language spoken on the Isle of Man. ... Canadian Gaelic (Scots Gaelic: Gàidhlig Canadanach, French: Gaélique Canadien, Mikmaq: Geileq mala Ganata) is the dialect of Scottish Gaelic formerly spoken across much of Canada, and still spoken in Nova Scotia, particularly on Cape Breton Island. ... Newfoundland Irish (Irish: Gaeilge Talamh an Éisc) is a dialect of the Irish language specific to the island of Newfoundland and widely spoken until the mid-20th century. ... Motto: (Latin for No one provokes me with impunity)1 Anthem: Multiple unofficial anthems Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow Official language(s) English, Gaelic, Scots 2 Government Constitutional monarchy  - Queen Queen Elizabeth II  - Prime Minister of the UK Tony Blair MP  - First Minister Jack McConnell MSP Unification    - by Kenneth I... The Gàidhealtachd, sometimes known as A Ghàidhealtachd (the Gàidhealtachd), usually refers to the Scottish Highlands in Scottish Gaelic. ... Gaeltacht regions in Ireland Gaeltacht (pronounced ; plural Gaeltachtaí) is an Irish word for an Irish-speaking region. ... Gaelicization (NAE or CwE) or Gaelicisation (CwE) is the act or process of making something Gaelic. ... Medieval Clothing of the Scottish Gael Before 1600 the clothing of the Scottish Gaelic resembled the clothing of the Irish Gael. ... ==unique aspect versus other Celts is the reliance on a battle axe in earlier society. ... Dunnottar Castle in the Mearns occupies one of the best defensive locations in Great Britain. ... It has been suggested that Schottenklöster be merged into this article or section. ...

References

1. ^ http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=gle
2. ^ http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=gle
3. ^ http://www.scotland.gov.uk/consultations/culture/glbc-03.asp
4. ^ http://www.ethnologue.com/14/show_language.asp?code=MJD
5. ^ http://www.gov.ns.ca/dtc/pubs/GaelicStrategy-English.pdf
6. ^ Statistics Canada 2001 Census
7. ^ http://www.usenglish.org/foundation/research/lia/languages/irish_gaelic.pdf
8. ^ http://www.usenglish.org/foundation/research/lia/languages_of_the_usa.pdf

External links

• Iomairt Cholm Cille ( The Columban Institute ) An institute with the aim of promoting links between Irish and Scottish Gaelic speakers.
• DNA shows Scots and Irish should look to Spain for their ancestry
• Celts descended from Spanish fishermen, study finds