The list of monarchs of Scotland concerns the Kingdom of Scotland. According to tradition, the state was created by Kenneth I of Scotland in 843, however modern historiography would tend to see his grandson Constantine II of Scotland as the creator of the kingdom of Alba which became Scotland. The independent kingdom changed in nature following the Acts of Union in 1707, when, already having in 1603 inherited the throne of England, it became one with the Kingdom of England to form the Kingdom of Great Britain. Royal motto: Nemo me impune lacessit (Latin: No one provokes me with impunity) Capital Edinburgh Government Monarchy Head of State King of Scots Parliament Parliament of Scotland Currency Pound Scots This article is about the historical state called the Kingdom of Scotland (843-1707). ... A state is an organized political community, occupying a territory, and possessing internal and external sovereignty, that enforces a monopoly on the use of force. ... Kenneth MacAlpin (c. ... Events Treaty of Verdun divides the Carolingian empire between the 3 sons of Louis the Pious. ... Constantine II (874?–952) was king of Scotland from 900 to 942 or 943. ... The Kingdom of Alba for the purposes of this article pertains to the Kingdom of Scotland between the death of Domnall II in 900, and the death of Alexander III in 1286 which then led indirectly to the Scottish Wars of Independence. ... Places where monarchies maintain rule appear in blue. ... The Acts of Union were two Acts of Parliament passed in 1707 (taking effect on 1 May) by the Parliament of England and the Parliament of Scotland. ... Events January 1 - John V is crowned King of Portugal April 25 - Allied army is defeated by Bourbonic army at Almansa (Spain) in the War of the Spanish Succession. ... The Flag of England The Kingdom of England was a kingdom located in Western Europe, in the southern part of the island of Great Britain. ... Royal motto: Dieu et mon droit (French: God and my right)1 Capital London Head of State King of Great Britain Head of Government Prime Minister Parliament House of Commons, House of Lords The Kingdom of Great Britain, also known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain (see below), was...

Today, Scotland exists as one of the constituent countries and nations of the United Kingdom, alongside England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Motto: Nemo me impune lacessit (English: No one provokes me with impunity) Scotlands location within Europe Scotlands location within the United Kingdom Languages English, Gaelic, Scots Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow First Minister Jack McConnell Area - Total - % water Ranked 2nd UK 78,782 km² 1. ... The factual accuracy of this article is disputed. ... Home Nations is a term used to refer to the four constituent parts of the United Kingdom - England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland (collectively, but also as separate entities, distinct from the United Kingdom as a whole), or the nations of the British Isles (traditionally England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland). ... Royal motto (French): Dieu et mon droit (Translated: God and my right) Englands location (dark green) within the United Kingdom (light green), with the Republic of Ireland (blue) to its west Languages English Capital London Largest city London Area – Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population –mid-2004... For an explanation of often confusing terms such as Great Britain, Britain, United Kingdom, England and Wales and England, see British Isles (terminology). ... Dieu et mon droit (motto) (French for God and my right)2 Northern Irelands location within the UK Official Languages English, Irish, Ulster Scots Capital and largest city Belfast First Minister Office suspended Secretary of State for Northern Ireland Peter Hain MP Area  - Total Ranked 4th UK 13,843...

From the reign of Macbeth of Scotland, Scottish monarchs most commonly employed the style King of Scots or Queen of Scots, with the exception of the final three: William III, Mary II and Anne used the style "of Scotland" rather than "of Scots" (see Style of the monarchs of Scotland). The Gaelic styles rí Alban (King of Scotland) and ard-rí Alban (High-King of Scotland) were probably used from the time of Constantine II. Macbeth and the witches by Henry Fuseli (Johann Heinrich Füssli) (1741-1825) Mac Bethad mac Findláich, known in English as Macbeth c. ... Style of the monarchs of Scotland is about the styles and forms of address used by Scottish royalty, specifically the monarchs of Scotland from the earliest times until the present, including monarchs from the Pictish period to the British period. ...

Charles II was the last monarch to be crowned in Scotland, at Scone. Charles II (29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685) was the King of England, King of Scots, and King of Ireland from 30 January 1649 (de jure) or 29 May 1660 (de facto) until his death. ... The coronation of Empress Farah, of Iran in 1967. ... Scone is a large village, a mile north of Perth, Scotland. ...

Although genealogists divide the monarchs of Scotland into "Houses", based on continental European ideas of dynasties, it appears that the kings and queens of Scotland, insofar as they thought about their ultimate origins, traced their descent from Fergus Mór, the legendary founder of Dál Riata said to have flourished in the late 5th century, and from his grandson Gabrán mac Domangairt and brother Loarn mac Eirc. James VI is recorded as saying that he was a "Monarch sprunge of Ferguse race". After the Restoration of 1660, when Jacob de Wet was commissioned to produce portraits of Scotland's past and present rulers for Holyrood Palace, the series began with Fergus Mór. // For other uses, see Dynasty (disambiguation). ... Fergus Mór mac Eirc (Scottish Gaelic: Fergus Mòr Mac Earca) was a legendary king of Dál Riata. ... Dál Riata (also Dalriada or Dalriata) was a Goidelic kingdom on the western seaboard of Scotland and the northern coasts of Ireland, situated in the traditional Scottish and Northern Irish counties of Argyll, Bute and County Antrim. ... Gabrán mac Domangairt was king of Dál Riata in the middle of the 6th century. ... Loarn mac Eirc was a legendary king of Dál Riata who may have lived in the 5th century. ... A 19th century view of Holyrood Palace from Calton Hill. ...

House of Alpin (Ailpean)

• Kenneth I (Modern Gaelic: Coinneach I mac Alpin; Old Gaelic: Cináed mac Ailpín) (c.843–858)
• Donald I (Domhnall I; Domnall mac Ailpín) (858–862)
• Constantine I (Causantín mac Cináeda) (862–877)
• Aed (877–878)

The House of Alpin is a dynasty of Scottish kings that ruled Scotland from 843 to 1058. ... Kenneth MacAlpin (c. ... Events Treaty of Verdun divides the Carolingian empire between the 3 sons of Louis the Pious. ... Events Patriarch Ignatius is imprisoned and (December 25) deposed to be succeeded by patriarch Photius I. Louis the German invades West Francia, hoping to secure Aquitaine from his brother Charles the Bald, but fails. ... Donald I (Domnall mac Ailpín) (c. ... Events Patriarch Ignatius is imprisoned and (December 25) deposed to be succeeded by patriarch Photius I. Louis the German invades West Francia, hoping to secure Aquitaine from his brother Charles the Bald, but fails. ... Events Rurik gained control of Novgorod. ... Constantine I (Causantín mac Cináeda) (836-877), son of King Kenneth I of Scotland, became King of Scots and King of the Picts in 863 when he succeeded his uncle Donald I of Scotland. ... Events Rurik gained control of Novgorod. ... Events The Danes take Exeter Indravarman II succeeds Jayavarman III as ruler of the Khmer Empire. ... Aed ( 840–878), sometimes spelt Aedh or Aodh, became King of Scots in 877 when he succeeded his brother Constantine I of Scotland. ... Events The Danes take Exeter Indravarman II succeeds Jayavarman III as ruler of the Khmer Empire. ... Events The Danes force king Alfred the Great of Wessex to retreat to a fort in Athelney, Somerset. ...

House of Strathclyde

• Eochaid (Eochaidh; Eochu) (878–889)

Strathclyde (Welsh: Ystrad Clud) was one of the kingdoms of ancient Scotland in the post-Roman period. ... Eochaid of Scotland, also called Eochu or Eochaidh, was king of Scotland from 878 to 889. ... Events The Danes force king Alfred the Great of Wessex to retreat to a fort in Athelney, Somerset. ... Events End of Strathclyde as a fully independent kingdom. ...

House of Alpin?

• Giric (Giric; Giric mac Dungail) (878–889)

Giric of Scotland was king of Scotland from 878 to 889. ... Events The Danes force king Alfred the Great of Wessex to retreat to a fort in Athelney, Somerset. ... Events End of Strathclyde as a fully independent kingdom. ...

House of Alpin (Restored)

• Donald II (Domhnall II; Domnall mac Causantín) (889–890)
• Constantine II (Causantín mac Áeda) (900–943)
• Malcolm I (Calum I; Máel Coluim mac Domnaill) (943–954)
• Indulf (Indulbh; Idulb mac Causantín) (954–962)
• Dub (Dubh; Dub mac Maíl Choluim) (962–967)
• Culen (Cuilean; Cuilén mac Iduilb) (967–971)
• Kenneth II (Coinneach II; Cináed mac Maíl Choluim) (971–?)
• Amlaíb (Amlaíbh; Amlaíb mac Iduilb) (after 973–977)
• Kenneth II (Coinneach II; Cináed mac Maíl Choluim) (977–995)
• Constantine III (Constantín III; Causantín mac Cuilén) (995–997)
• Kenneth III (Coinneach III; Cináed mac Duib) (997–1005)
• Malcolm II (Calum II; Máel Coluim mac Cináeda) (1005–1034)

The House of Alpin is a dynasty of Scottish kings that ruled Scotland from 843 to 1058. ... Donald II of Scotland (Domnall mac Causantín) was king of Scotland from 889 to 900. ... Events End of Strathclyde as a fully independent kingdom. ... Events The sovereignty of prince Svatopluk I in Bohemia is confirmed. ... Constantine II (874?–952) was king of Scotland from 900 to 942 or 943. ... Events Persian scientist, Rhazes, distinguished smallpox from measles in the course of his writings. ... Events King Constantin II of Scotland retires and becomes a monk, succeeded by his cousin Malcolm I of Scotland Births Deaths Harald I of Norway Categories: 943 ... Malcolm I (Máel Coluim mac Domnaill), the son of Donald II of Scotland, became the King of Scotland in 942 or 943 after his cousin King Constantine II of Scotland abdicated and became a monk. ... Events King Constantin II of Scotland retires and becomes a monk, succeeded by his cousin Malcolm I of Scotland Births Deaths Harald I of Norway Categories: 943 ... Events King Malcolm I of Scotland is killed in battle against Highlanders. ... Indulf (Scottish: Idulb mac Causantín) was king of Scotland from 954 until 962, although there is no record of his coronation, if there ever was one. ... Events King Malcolm I of Scotland is killed in battle against Highlanders. ... Events February 2 - Pope John XII crowns Otto I the Great Holy Roman Emperor. ... King Duff (Dub mac Maíl Coluim), was king of Scotland from 962 to 967. ... Events February 2 - Pope John XII crowns Otto I the Great Holy Roman Emperor. ... Events Emperor Reizei ascends to the throne of Japan The Khazar capital of Atil falls to the Kievan Rus around this year Births Deaths Emperor Murakami of Japan Abu al-Faraj Ali of Isfahan, scholar. ... Culen of Scotland (Cuilén mac Induilb) (also called Cuilean, Colin and Culen the Whelp, a tautology since cuilean means whelp) was king of Scotland from 967 to 971. ... Events Emperor Reizei ascends to the throne of Japan The Khazar capital of Atil falls to the Kievan Rus around this year Births Deaths Emperor Murakami of Japan Abu al-Faraj Ali of Isfahan, scholar. ... Events Births Deaths Culen of Scotland Categories: 971 ... Kenneth II (Cináed mac Maíl Coluim), son of Malcolm I, king of Scotland, succeeded Culen, son of Indulf, who had been slain by the Britons of Strathclyde in 971 in Lothian. ... Events Births Deaths Culen of Scotland Categories: 971 ... Amlaíb mac Iduilb (died 977) was King of Scots during the 970s. ... Events Edgar of England is crowned king by Saint Dunstan Births September 15 - Al_Biruni, mathematician († 1048) Abu al-Ala al-Maarri, poet Deaths May 7 - Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor Categories: 973 ... Events Births Deaths Hunain ibn Ishaq, Egyptian physician Categories: 977 ... Kenneth II (Cináed mac Maíl Coluim), son of Malcolm I, king of Scotland, succeeded Culen, son of Indulf, who had been slain by the Britons of Strathclyde in 971 in Lothian. ... Events Births Deaths Hunain ibn Ishaq, Egyptian physician Categories: 977 ... Events (Erik Segersäll) is succeeded by (Olof Skötkonung), the first baptized ruler of Sweden. ... Constantine III (Causantín mac Cuilén) was king of Scotland from 995 to 997. ... Events (Erik Segersäll) is succeeded by (Olof Skötkonung), the first baptized ruler of Sweden. ... Events City of Gdansk is founded Saint Adalbert of Prague is sent to Prussia by Boleslaus I of Poland Samuil of Bulgaria crowned Tsar by Pope Gregory V The town of Trondheim is founded. ... Kenneth III (Cináed mac Duib) was King of Scotland from 997 to 1005. ... Events City of Gdansk is founded Saint Adalbert of Prague is sent to Prussia by Boleslaus I of Poland Samuil of Bulgaria crowned Tsar by Pope Gregory V The town of Trondheim is founded. ... Events Malcolm II succeeds Kenneth III as king of Scotland. ... Malcolm II of Scotland (Máel Coluim mac Cináeda) (c. ... Events Malcolm II succeeds Kenneth III as king of Scotland. ... Events April 11 - Empress Zoe of Byzantium marries her chamberlain and elevates him to the throne of the Eastern Roman Empire as Michael IV. Franche-Comté becomes subject to the Holy Roman Empire. ...

House of Dunkeld

• Duncan I (Donnchadh I; Donnchad mac Crínáin) (1034–1040)

The House of Dunkeld or Canmore was a dynasty of Scottish kings that ruled Scotland from 1058 to 1290. ... Duncan I (Donnchad mac Crínáin) (1001 - August 15, 1040) was a son of Crinan the Thane de Mormaer, lay abbot of Dunkeld, and Princess Bethoc of Scotland. ... Events April 11 - Empress Zoe of Byzantium marries her chamberlain and elevates him to the throne of the Eastern Roman Empire as Michael IV. Franche-Comté becomes subject to the Holy Roman Empire. ... Events March War of Independence of Western Xia occurred. ...

House of Moray

• MacBeth (MacBeatha; Mac Bethad mac Findláich) (1040–1057)
• Lulach (Lulach mac Gillai Comgain) (1057–1058)

The House of Moray was a dynasty of Scottish kings that ruled Scotland from 1040 to 1058. ... Macbeth and the witches by Henry Fuseli (Johann Heinrich Füssli) (1741-1825) Mac Bethad mac Findláich, known in English as Macbeth c. ... Events March War of Independence of Western Xia occurred. ... Events King Macbeth I of Scotland is killed in battle against Malcolm Canmore. ... Lulach (Lulach mac Gilla Comgain) (c. ... Events King Macbeth I of Scotland is killed in battle against Malcolm Canmore. ... Events March 17 - King Lulach I of Scotland is killed in battle against his cousin and rival Malcolm Canmore, who later becomes King of Scotland as Malcolm III of Scotland. ...

House of Dunkeld

Arms of Scotland: Or a lion rampant within a double tressure flory counterflory gules

• Malcolm III (Calum III; Máel Coluim mac Donnchada) (1058–1093)
• Donald III (Domhnall III; Domnall mac Donnchada) (1093–1094)
• Duncan II (Donnchadh II; Donnchad mac Maíl Choluim) (1094)
• Donald III (Domhnall III; Domnall mac Donnchada) (1094–1097)
• Edgar (Eagar/Eadgar; Etgair mac Maíl Choluim) (1097–1107)
• Alexander I (Alasdair I; Alaxandair mac Maíl Choluim) (1107–1124)
• Saint David I (Daibhidh I; Dabíd mac Maíl Choluim) (1124–1153)
• Malcolm IV (Calum IV; Máel Coluim mac Enric) (1153–1165)
• William I (Uilleam I; Uilliam mac Enric) (1165–1214)
• Alexander II (Alasdair II ) (1214–1249)
• Alexander III (Alasdair III) (1249–1286)

The House of Dunkeld or Canmore was a dynasty of Scottish kings that ruled Scotland from 1058 to 1290. ... Image File history File links Armoiries_Ecosse. ... Image File history File links Armoiries_Ecosse. ... The Royal Coat of Arms of Scotland, used prior to 1603 by the Kings of Scotland The Royal Coat of Arms of Scotland is the historical coat of arms of the Kings and Queens of Scots, used by them until the personal union with the Kingdom of England in 1603. ... King Malcolm III of Scotland (Máel Coluim mac Donnchada), (1031 – November 13, 1093) also known as Ceann Mór (Anglicized as Canmore) meaning Big Head in the then Scottish language. ... Events March 17 - King Lulach I of Scotland is killed in battle against his cousin and rival Malcolm Canmore, who later becomes King of Scotland as Malcolm III of Scotland. ... // Events Donald III of Scotland comes to the throne of Scotland. ... Donald III of Scotland (c. ... // Events Donald III of Scotland comes to the throne of Scotland. ... // Events May - El Cid completes his Christian reconquest of Valencia, Spain from the Muslims. ... Duncan II (1060?- November 12, 1094) was king of Scotland and a son of Malcolm III and his first wife Ingibiorg and therefore a grandson of Duncan I. For a time he lived as a hostage in England and became king of the Scots after driving out his uncle, Donald... // Events May - El Cid completes his Christian reconquest of Valencia, Spain from the Muslims. ... Donald III of Scotland (c. ... // Events May - El Cid completes his Christian reconquest of Valencia, Spain from the Muslims. ... Events Edgar I deposes Donald III to become king of Scotland. ... Edgar of Scotland (Etgair mac Maíl Coluim) (1074 – January 8, 1107 ), was king of Scotland from 1097 to 1107. ... Events Edgar I deposes Donald III to become king of Scotland. ... Events William Warelwast becomes Bishop of Exeter. ... Alexander I (Alasdair mac Maíl Coluim) (c. ... King David I (or Dabíd mac Maíl Choluim; also known as Saint David I or David I the Saint) (1084 – May 24, 1153), was King of Scotland from 1124 until his death, and the youngest son of Malcolm Canmore and of Saint Margaret (sister of Edgar Ætheling). ... Events March 26 - Henry I of Englands forces defeat Norman rebels at Bourgtheroulde. ... Events January 6 - Henry of Anjou arrives in England. ... Image of the young Máel Coluim IV, called Cenn Mór in the Gaelic annals of Ireland. ... Events January 6 - Henry of Anjou arrives in England. ... Events November 23 - Pope Alexander III enters Rome. ... William I the Lion ( known in Gaelic as Uilliam Garm1 or William the Rough), (1142/1143 - December 4, 1214) reigned as King of Scots from 1165 to 1214. ... Events November 23 - Pope Alexander III enters Rome. ... Events Simon Apulia becomes Bishop of Exeter. ... Alexander II (August 24, 1198 – July 6, 1249), king of Scotland, son of William I, the Lion, and of Ermengarde of Beaumont, was born at Haddington, East Lothian, in 1198, and succeeded to the kingdom on the death of his father on 4 December 1214. ... Events Simon Apulia becomes Bishop of Exeter. ... Events University, the first College at Oxford founded Births Emperor Kameyama of Japan Pope John XXII Frederick I, Margrave of Baden Deaths July 6 - Alexander II of Scotland (b. ... Alexander III (September 4, 1241 – March 19, 1286), King of Scots, also known as Alexander the Glorious, ranks as one of Scotlands greatest kings. ... Events University, the first College at Oxford founded Births Emperor Kameyama of Japan Pope John XXII Frederick I, Margrave of Baden Deaths July 6 - Alexander II of Scotland (b. ... Events Margaret I of Scotland became queen of Scotland, end of Canmore dynasty. ...

House of Sverre

• Margaret (Mairead; Maighread) (1286–1290)

Margaret, Maid of Norway (1283—1290), was Queen of Scotland (1286-1290). ... Events Margaret I of Scotland became queen of Scotland, end of Canmore dynasty. ... For broader historical context, see 1290s and 13th century. ...

First Interregnum 1290–1292

Guardians of Scotland The Guardians of Scotland were the de facto heads of state of Scotland during the First Interregnum of 1290-1292, and the Second Interregnum of 1296-1306. ...

• William Fraser, Bishop of St Andrews
• Duncan Macduff, 8th Earl of Fife
• Alexander Comyn, 2nd Earl of Buchan
• Robert Wishart, Bishop of Glasgow
• James Stewart, 5th High Steward of Scotland
• John Comyn

The Bishop of St. ... Mormaer Donnchadh IV of Fife ruled Fife, 1288 – 1353, and was in fact the last of the native Scottish rulers of the province. ... The title of Earl of Fife was created several times in the Peerages of Scotland, Ireland, and the United Kingdom. ... In the Peerage of Scotland the Kings of Scots have thrice created the title Earl of Buchan. ... The Archbishop of Glasgow is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese of Glasgow. ... James Stewart 5th High Steward of Scotland (c. ... John Comyn, Lord of Badenoch, nicknamed the Red Comyn, (died 10 February 1306) was a Scottish patriot and royal Competitor. ...

House of Balliol (Bailiol)

• John (Iain) (1292–1296)

The House of Balliol was a Scottish royal family in the 13th and 14th centuries. ... John Balliol, the son of Devorguilla Balliol and John, 5th Baron de Balliol, was the king of Scotland from November 17, 1292-1296. ... For broader historical context, see 1290s and 13th century. ... Events March 30 - Edward I stormed Berwick-upon-Tweed, sacking the then Scottish border town with much bloodshed. ...

Second Interregnum 1296–1306

Guardians of Scotland The Guardians of Scotland were the de facto heads of state of Scotland during the First Interregnum of 1290-1292, and the Second Interregnum of 1296-1306. ...

• Andrew de Moray (1297)
• William Wallace (1297–1298)
• Robert the Bruce, Earl of Carrick (1298–1300)
• John Comyn (1298–1301)
• William Lamberton, Bishop of St Andrews (1299–1301)
• Sir Ingram de Umfraville (1300–1301)
• John de Soules (1301–1304)
• John Comyn (1302–1304)

Andrew de Moray, a member of the Scottish nobility, went to prison with his father, Sir Andrew de Moray, following the 1296 Battle of Dunbar. ... Events 8 January - Monaco gains independence. ... William Wallace Monument For other people named William Wallace, see William Wallace (disambiguation). ... Events 8 January - Monaco gains independence. ... Events July 2 - The Battle of Göllheim is fought between Albert I of Habsburg and Adolf of Nassau-Weilburg. ... Robert I, King of Scots, usually known as Robert the Bruce (July 11, 1274 – June 7, 1329, reigned 1306 – 1329), was, according to a modern biographer (Geoffrey Barrow), a great hero who lived in a minor country. ... The Earldom of Carrick has been created several times in the Peerage of Scotland and once in the Peerage of Ireland. ... Events July 2 - The Battle of Göllheim is fought between Albert I of Habsburg and Adolf of Nassau-Weilburg. ... Events February 22 - Jubilee of Pope Boniface VIII. March 10 - Wardrobe accounts of King Edward I of Englanddo (aka Edward Longshanks) include a reference to a game called creag being played at the town of Newenden in Kent. ... John Comyn, Lord of Badenoch, nicknamed the Red Comyn, (died 10 February 1306) was a Scottish patriot and royal Competitor. ... Events July 2 - The Battle of Göllheim is fought between Albert I of Habsburg and Adolf of Nassau-Weilburg. ... Events February 7 - Edward of Caernarvon (later King Edward II of England) becomes the first Prince of Wales End of the reign of Emperor Go-Fushimi, emperor of Japan Emperor Go-Nijō ascends to the throne of Japan Dante was sent into Exile in Florence. ... William de Lamberton, sometimes modernized as William Lamberton, was Bishop of St. ... The Bishop of St. ... Events Osman I declares the independence of the Ottoman Principality The County of Holland is annexed by the County of Hainaut April 1, 1299 Kings Towne on the River Hull granted city status by Royal Charter of King Edward I of England. ... Events February 7 - Edward of Caernarvon (later King Edward II of England) becomes the first Prince of Wales End of the reign of Emperor Go-Fushimi, emperor of Japan Emperor Go-Nijō ascends to the throne of Japan Dante was sent into Exile in Florence. ... Events February 22 - Jubilee of Pope Boniface VIII. March 10 - Wardrobe accounts of King Edward I of Englanddo (aka Edward Longshanks) include a reference to a game called creag being played at the town of Newenden in Kent. ... Events February 7 - Edward of Caernarvon (later King Edward II of England) becomes the first Prince of Wales End of the reign of Emperor Go-Fushimi, emperor of Japan Emperor Go-Nijō ascends to the throne of Japan Dante was sent into Exile in Florence. ... Events February 7 - Edward of Caernarvon (later King Edward II of England) becomes the first Prince of Wales End of the reign of Emperor Go-Fushimi, emperor of Japan Emperor Go-Nijō ascends to the throne of Japan Dante was sent into Exile in Florence. ... Events 20 July - Fall of Stirling Castle: Edward I of England takes the last rebel stronghold in the Wars of Scottish Independence. ... John Comyn, Lord of Badenoch, nicknamed the Red Comyn, (died 10 February 1306) was a Scottish patriot and royal Competitor. ... Events July 11 - Battle of the Golden Spurs (Guldensporenslag in Dutch), major victory of Flanders over the French occupier. ... Events 20 July - Fall of Stirling Castle: Edward I of England takes the last rebel stronghold in the Wars of Scottish Independence. ...

House of Bruce (Bruis)

• Robert I the Bruce (Raibeart I) (1306–1329)
• David II (Daibidh II) (1329–1371)

The House of Bruce was a Scottish Royal House in the 14th century. ... Robert I, the Bruce, in a conjectural drawing Robert I, (Roibert a Briuis in medieval Gaelic, Raibeart Bruis in modern Scottish Gaelic and Robert de Brus or Robert de Bruys in Norman French), usually known in modern English today as Robert the Bruce (11 July 1274 – 7 June 1329), was... Events March 25 - Robert the Bruce becomes King of Scotland June 19 - Forces of Earl of Pembroke defeat Bruces Scottish rebels at the Battle of Methven Philip IV of France exiles all the Jews from France and confiscates their property In London, a city ordinance degrees that heating with... Events Antipope Nicholas V is excommunicated by Pope John XXII. Aimone of Savoy becomes Count of Savoy. ... David II (March 5, 1324 – February 22, 1371) king of Scotland, son of King Robert the Bruce by his second wife, Elizabeth de Burgh (d. ... Events Antipope Nicholas V is excommunicated by Pope John XXII. Aimone of Savoy becomes Count of Savoy. ... Events End of the reign of Emperor Go-Kogon of Japan, fourth of the Northern Ashikaga Pretenders Start of the reign of Emperor Go-Enyu of Japan, fifth and last of the Northern Ashikaga Pretenders Charterhouse Carthusian Monastery founded in Aldersgate, London. ...

House of Balliol

• Edward Balliol (Eideard) (Antiking 1329 – 1363)

The House of Balliol was a Scottish royal family in the 13th and 14th centuries. ... Edward Balliol (c. ... Events Antipope Nicholas V is excommunicated by Pope John XXII. Aimone of Savoy becomes Count of Savoy. ... Centuries: 13th century - 14th century - 15th century Decades: 1310s 1320s 1330s 1340s 1350s - 1360s - 1370s 1380s 1390s 1400s 1410s Years: 1358 1359 1360 1361 1362 - 1363 - 1364 1365 1366 1367 1368 See also: 1363 state leaders Events Magnus II, King of Sweden, is deposed by Albert of Mecklenburg. ...

House of Stewart (French: Stuart; Gaelic: Stiùbhart)

• Robert II (Raibeart II) (1371–1390)
• Robert III (Raibeart III) (1390–1406)
• James I (Seumas I) (1406–1437)
• James II (Seumas II) (1437–1460)
• James III (Seumas III) (1460–1488)
• James IV (Seumas IV) (1488–1513)
• James V (Seumas V) (1513–1542)
• Mary I (Mairi) (1542–1587)

The House of Stuart or Stewart was a Scottish, and then British, Royal House of Breton origin. ... Robert II (March 2, 1316 – April 19, 1390), king of Scotland, called the Steward, a title that gave the name to the House of Stewart (or Stuart). ... Events End of the reign of Emperor Go-Kogon of Japan, fourth of the Northern Ashikaga Pretenders Start of the reign of Emperor Go-Enyu of Japan, fifth and last of the Northern Ashikaga Pretenders Charterhouse Carthusian Monastery founded in Aldersgate, London. ... Events Births December 27 - Anne de Mortimer, claimant to the English throne (died 1411) Domenico da Piacenza, Italian dancemaster (died 1470) John Dunstable, English composer (died 1453) Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson, Swedish statesman and rebel leader (died 1436) Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester (died 1447) John VIII Palaeologus Byzantine Emperor (died 1448) Deaths... Robert III (circa 1340 – April 4, 1406), king of Scotland (reigned 1390 - 1406), the eldest son of King Robert II by his mistress, Elizabeth Mure, became legitimised with the formal marriage of his parents about 1349. ... Events Births December 27 - Anne de Mortimer, claimant to the English throne (died 1411) Domenico da Piacenza, Italian dancemaster (died 1470) John Dunstable, English composer (died 1453) Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson, Swedish statesman and rebel leader (died 1436) Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester (died 1447) John VIII Palaeologus Byzantine Emperor (died 1448) Deaths... Events Construction of Forbidden City begins in Beijing. ... James I (December 10, 1394 – February 21, 1437) reigned as king of Scotland from April 4, 1406 until February 21, 1437. ... Events Construction of Forbidden City begins in Beijing. ... // Events foundation of All Souls College, University of Oxford. ... James II of Scotland (October 16, 1430 – August 3, 1460) was king of Scotland from 1437 to 1460. ... // Events foundation of All Souls College, University of Oxford. ... Events The first Portuguese navigators reach the coast of modern Sierra Leone. ... James III of Scotland (1451/ 1452 – June 11, 1488), son of James II and Mary of Gueldres, created Duke of Rothesay at birth, king of Scotland from 1460 to 1488. ... Events The first Portuguese navigators reach the coast of modern Sierra Leone. ... // Events February 3 - Bartolomeu Dias of Portugal lands in Mossel Bay after rounding the Cape of Good Hope, at the tip of Africa becoming the first known European to travel this far south. ... James IV (March 17, 1473-September 9, 1513) - King of Scots from 1488 to 1513. ... // Events February 3 - Bartolomeu Dias of Portugal lands in Mossel Bay after rounding the Cape of Good Hope, at the tip of Africa becoming the first known European to travel this far south. ... 1513 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... James V (April 10, 1512 – December 14, 1542) was king of Scotland (September 9, 1513 – December 14, 1542). ... 1513 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Events War resumes between Francis I of France and Emperor Charles V. This time Henry VIII of England is allied to the Emperor, while James V of Scotland and Sultan Suleiman I are allied to the French. ... Mary I of Scotland (Mary Stuart, better known as Mary, Queen of Scots; December 8, 1542 – February 8, 1587) was the Queen of Scots (the monarch of the Kingdom of Scotland) from December 14, 1542 to July 24, 1567 and Queen Consort of France from July 10, 1559 to December... Events War resumes between Francis I of France and Emperor Charles V. This time Henry VIII of England is allied to the Emperor, while James V of Scotland and Sultan Suleiman I are allied to the French. ... 1587 was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. ...

House of Stuart-Lennox

• James VI (Seumas VI) (1587–1625), Union of the Crowns with Kingdom of England from (1603)
• Charles I (Teàrlach I) (1625–1649)
• Charles II (Teàrlach II) (1649–1685) (See also English Interregnum)
• James VII (Seumas VII) (1685–1689)
• Mary II (Mairi II) (1689–1694), co–monarch
• William II (Uilleam II) (1689–1702), co-monarch until 1694
• Anne (Anna) (1702–1714), though the Scottish throne was replaced with that of the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707

From 1707, the titles King of Scots and Queen of Scots are incorrect. Hence, this list runs up to 1707; for monarchs after that date, see List of British monarchs. The Peerage title of Earl of Lennox has been created six times in British history, becoming extinct every time. ... James VI of Scotland/James I of England and Ireland (Charles James Stuart) (June 19, 1566 – March 27, 1625) was King of England, King of Scotland, and King of Ireland and was the first to style himself King of Great Britain. ... 1587 was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. ... Events March 27 - Prince Charles Stuart becomes King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland. ... James VI and I King of England, Scotland and Ireland James VI of Scotland and I of England (Charles James) (19 June 1566–27 March 1625) was a King who ruled over England, Scotland and Ireland, and was the first Sovereign to reign in the three realms simultaneously. ... The Flag of England The Kingdom of England was a kingdom located in Western Europe, in the southern part of the island of Great Britain. ... King James I of England/VII of Scotland, the first monarch to rule the Kingdoms of England and Scotland at the same time Events March - Samuel de Champlain, French explorer, sails to Canada March 24 - Elizabeth I of England dies and is succeeded by her cousin King James I of... Charles I (19 November 1600 – 30 January 1649) was King of England, Scotland, and Ireland, from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649. ... Events March 27 - Prince Charles Stuart becomes King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland. ... // Events January 30 - King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland is beheaded. ... Charles II (29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685) was the King of England, King of Scots, and King of Ireland from 30 January 1649 (de jure) or 29 May 1660 (de facto) until his death. ... // Events January 30 - King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland is beheaded. ... Events February 6 - James Stuart, Duke of York becomes King James II of England and Ireland and King James VII of Scotland. ... Categories: | | | ... James II of England and VII of Scotland (14 October 1633–16 September 1701) became King of England, King of Scots, and King of Ireland on 6 February 1685. ... Events February 6 - James Stuart, Duke of York becomes King James II of England and Ireland and King James VII of Scotland. ... Events Louis XIV of France passed the Code Noir, allowing the full use of slaves in the French colonies. ... Mary II (30 April 1662–28 December 1694) reigned as Queen of England and Ireland from 13 February 1689 until her death, and as Queen of Scotland (as Mary II of Scotland) from 11 April 1689 until her death. ... Events Louis XIV of France passed the Code Noir, allowing the full use of slaves in the French colonies. ... Events February 6 - The colony Quilombo dos Palmares is destroyed. ... William III of England (14 November 1650 – 8 March 1702; also known as William II of Scotland and William III of Orange) was a Dutch aristocrat and a Protestant Prince of Orange from his birth, King of England and King of Ireland from 13 February 1689, and King of Scots... Events Louis XIV of France passed the Code Noir, allowing the full use of slaves in the French colonies. ... Events March 8 - William III died; Princess Anne Stuart becomes Queen Anne of England, Scotland and Ireland. ... Anne (6 February 1665 – 1 August 1714) became Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland on 8 March 1702. ... Events March 8 - William III died; Princess Anne Stuart becomes Queen Anne of England, Scotland and Ireland. ... // Events August 1 - George, elector of Hanover becomes King George I of Great Britain. ... Royal motto: Dieu et mon droit (French: God and my right)1 Capital London Head of State King of Great Britain Head of Government Prime Minister Parliament House of Commons, House of Lords The Kingdom of Great Britain, also known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain (see below), was... Events January 1 - John V is crowned King of Portugal April 25 - Allied army is defeated by Bourbonic army at Almansa (Spain) in the War of the Spanish Succession. ... Events January 1 - John V is crowned King of Portugal April 25 - Allied army is defeated by Bourbonic army at Almansa (Spain) in the War of the Spanish Succession. ... This is a list of British monarchs, that is, the monarchs on the thrones of some of the various kingdoms that have existed on, or incorporated, the island of Great Britain, namely: England (united with Wales from 1536) up to 1707; Scotland up to 1707; The Kingdom of Great Britain...

Succession order and claimants

The inheritance of the kingship was contested in Scotland until well after the death of King MacBeth - it was basically elective, except that the choice of candidates was only from among the derbfine (those whose great-grandfather had been king), but in practice the winner was chosen by the biggest battalions (until, after 1296, Edward Longshanks concentrated minds - and it was English claims of overlordship which finally drove Scotland to accept the certainty of primogeniture as the basis of succession to the crown).

A highly detailed presentation of succession patterns of this realm is given at competitors for the Crown of Scotland. Many quirks of the succession rights are there. In 1290, after the death of Margaret I of Scotland, the Crown of Scotland was without an immediate heir; however, there existed many distant heirs. ...

The Scottish-Gaelic tradition followed that of the Irish-Gaels, i.e choosing from among the derbfine, agnates of the royal family, using the precautionary practice of tanistry. Others claim, quoting Bede, who says he's quoting others ("alii dicunt"), that the Pictish tradition favoured matrilineal descent. That is, the head of the kingdom, as well as of sub-kingdoms and chieftaincies, etc., always inherited the crown through his mother, as a ranking princess royal, not through his father. (See, e.g., The Lion in the North: A Personal View of Scotland's History, by John Prebble ISBN 0140036520 ; among other works.) Thus, you, as king, would not be succeeded by your own son but would normally be succeeded by your mother's other sons; then by your sisters' sons; then, your maternal aunt's sons; and so on, travelling through the female line of the royal house. This combination of male succession through matrilineal descent produced a cumbersome system under which the throne passed cyclically from brother to brother, then uncle to nephew, and then cousin to cousin, before starting over as brother to brother, uncle to nephew, etc. {See, e.g., The Lion in the North: A Personal View of Scotland's History, by John Prebble; among other works.} Tanistry (Irish/Gaeilge Tàinste;Scottish Gaelic: Tànaisteachd) was the office of heir-apparent, or second-in-command, among the royal dynastys of Ireland and her offshoot nations. ...

On the other hand, the whole idea of matrilinear descent is thoroughly exposed as an unnecessary complication, by Alfred P. Smyth wielding Occam's razor in "Warlords and Holy Men" ISBN 0 7486 0100 7, which argues for a more down-to-earth interpretation of the succession (such as we know it) to the crown of Alba. The Gaels and the Cruithne ("Prydyn", "Picts") had been contesting for years for control of Albania - Scotland north of the Forth-Clyde; the Britons of Strathclyde had by no means been subdued after Degsastan, and were still able to put an occasional king into Pictavia - in fact, the Britons of Dumbarton (AlClutha - the Rock of the Clyde) enjoyed overlordship in several periods, imposing kings on the Picts, their near-cousins. One of history's biggest "What-if"s argues that if the later Vikings hadn't needed the Clyde-Forth nexus between Dublin and York (believe it!) then the diocese of Glasgow might have become the religious centre of northern Britain, as it indeed was of Greater Cumbria - Kentigern vs Cuthbert.

The later status of Strathclyde as the tanist's toy kingdom suggests that at times Pictavia had been so used by the Gaels when in ascendancy - perhaps given to a British son-in-law as a sop.

Malcolm II tried to get around this system by killing off all of the agnate heirs between himself and his grandson, Duncan; except for Prince Lulach of Moray, who was just five years old at the time and - more importantly - was rumoured to be half-witted (thus, he survived). Duncan I did become king, but Lulach's step-father, Mac Bethad - rendered "Macbeth" in English - successfully claimed the throne in his own right and on Lulach's behalf. Lulach and Macbeth were from the most Pictish regions of the realm, basing their rights on the matrilineal Pictish order of succession - or so some say. Malcolm II of Scotland (Máel Coluim mac Cináeda) (c. ... Lulach I of Scotland (c. ... Duncan I (Donnchad mac Crínáin) (1001 - August 15, 1040) was a son of Crinan the Thane de Mormaer, lay abbot of Dunkeld, and Princess Bethoc of Scotland. ... Macbeth and the witches by Henry Fuseli (Johann Heinrich Füssli) (1741-1825) Mac Bethad mac Findláich, known in English as Macbeth c. ...

Duncan I's son, Malcolm III Canmore, ultimately returned from exile in England and took the throne from Macbeth (1040-1057) and Lulach (the latter reigning 1057-1058, after the death of Macbeth in battle against Malcolm). Malcolm, married to Margaret Athelingsdaughter, whose womb carried the right-by-primogeniture to the throne of England, was succeeded by his brother, as Duncan II Bàn, who was deposed by his nephew, a fan of primogeniture, but then took the throne again from the youngling, until the youngster got the big battalions. So Malcolm Canmore was succeeded by four of his own sons - one of whom, Edgar (1097-1107), changed the official language of Scotland from Gàidhlig (then still a Scottish dialect of Old Irish) to Inglis (then a language more similar to Northern English (Anglian) than the southern, "Saxon" dialects of English; the Viking invasions would soon re-write the dialect map). Gaelic dominance of Scotland ended during the reign of Alexander I (Alasdair I)(1107-1124), and the old Celtic system of derbfine + tanistry finally gave way to the more "European" system of primogeniture when Edward I of England began swashing his buckler, because it was seen how easily anyone with a claim to the throne through being of the derbfine could be corrupted by foreign gold; as the kings of Scots had married beyond their borders, so had their ideas of succession been adapted to foreign patterns. King Malcolm III of Scotland, (1031? - November 13, 1093) also known as Malcolm Canmore (Malcolm with the large head), was the eldest son of King Duncan I of Scotland and first king of the House of Dunkeld. ... Dunfermline Abbey, burial place of King Edgar. ... Alexander I (Alasdair mac Maíl Coluim) (c. ...

In later medieval era, feudal succession patterns emerged in Scotland in succession patterns of fiefs, real estates and some hereditary territorial officces, and the royal succession floowed suit. Feudal primogeniture or proximity of blood was strongly as a basis of succession then. Daughters had a relatively high success when claiming the succession when there were no sons. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Proximity or closeness in degree of kinship is one of the ways to determine succession based on genealogy. ...

Edward I's decision in 1292 case supported the principle of primogeniture, in its cognatic form.

There have been alleged medieval renunciations to the crown of Scotland, validity of which were contested.

Illegitimate birth apparently left descendants with some sort of rights to succession, though not very strong. Obviously, legitimate birth was preferred.

When in fully Gaelic realms, inheritance through women was difficult, it was quite accepted in Scottish succession. After the accession of Duncan I of Scotland (the House of Dunkeld), in all subsequent succession twists, grandsons and nephews from female descent were accepted candidates. In 1292 Patrick de Dunbar, 7th Earl of Dunbar claimed the crown as the agnate of the House of Dunkeld, being (a) the closest agnate, and (b) a candidate based on tanistry of agnates of the house where Alexander III belonged to. He descended, in an allegedly legitimate unbroken male line, from a younger brother of King Duncan I of Scotland (who allegedly also was a younger son of Bethoc of Scotland, the male line being that of Lords of Dunbar, originally Earls of Northumbria, later Earls of Dunbar (see Earl of March). He however did not win the contest, as heirs who descended through female line but were genealogically closer, were preferred over him. Duncan I (Donnchad mac Crínáin) (1001 - August 15, 1040) was a son of Crinan the Thane de Mormaer, lay abbot of Dunkeld, and Princess Bethoc of Scotland. ... The House of Dunkeld or Canmore was a dynasty of Scottish kings that ruled Scotland from 1058 to 1290. ... Patrick de Dunbar, 7th Earl of Dunbar (-1289) was lord of the fortress of Dunbar, dominating much of Lothian, and the most important fiefholder in the border regions of Scotland against England, as well as one of the Competitors for the Crown of Scotland in 1290-92. ... Patrilineality (a. ... Tanistry (Irish/Gaeilge Tàinste;Scottish Gaelic: Tànaisteachd) was the office of heir-apparent, or second-in-command, among the royal dynastys of Ireland and her offshoot nations. ... Duncan I (Donnchad mac Crínáin) (1001 - August 15, 1040) was a son of Crinan the Thane de Mormaer, lay abbot of Dunkeld, and Princess Bethoc of Scotland. ... Bethóc inghean Mhaoil Choluim, Princess of Scotland was the eldest daughter of King Malcolm II of Alba (Scotland), who had no sons. ... The title Earl of March has been created several times in the Peerage of Scotland and the Peerage of England. ...

John Balliol, son of John Balliol by his wife Devorguilla, daughter of Alan, Lord of Galloway by his wife Margaret, eldest daughter of David, Earl of Huntingdon, son of Henry, Earl of Huntingdon, son of King David I was the primogenitural heir in legitimate, cognatic line. Adjudication deemed his right as the strongest, and accordingly he was crowned as the king. John Balliol and his wife. ... John de Balliol (d. ... David of Scotland, 8th Earl of Huntingdon (d. ... Henry of Scotland, 3rd Earl of Huntingdon (1114-1152) was a Scottish prince and English peer. ... King David I (or Dabíd mac Maíl Choluim; also known as Saint David I or David I the Saint) (1084 – May 24, 1153), was King of Scotland from 1124 until his death, and the youngest son of Malcolm Canmore and of Saint Margaret (sister of Edgar Ætheling). ...

Robert de Brus, Lord of Annandale, son of Robert de Brus the Lord of Annandale by his wife Isabella, second daughter of David, Earl of Huntingdon, son of Henry, Earl of Huntingdon, son of King David I, who had been Regent of Scotland sometime during minority of King and was occasionally recognized as a Tanist of the Scottish Throne, pleaded tanistry and proximity in degree of kinship to the deceased King. His right apparently was regarded as the second strongest. Robert Bruce a. ... David of Scotland, 8th Earl of Huntingdon (d. ... Henry of Scotland, 3rd Earl of Huntingdon (1114-1152) was a Scottish prince and English peer. ... King David I (or Dabíd mac Maíl Choluim; also known as Saint David I or David I the Saint) (1084 – May 24, 1153), was King of Scotland from 1124 until his death, and the youngest son of Malcolm Canmore and of Saint Margaret (sister of Edgar Ætheling). ... Tanistry (Irish/Gaeilge Tàinste;Scottish Gaelic: Tànaisteachd) was the office of heir-apparent, or second-in-command, among the royal dynastys of Ireland and her offshoot nations. ... Proximity or closeness in degree of kinship is one of the ways to determine succession based on genealogy. ...

From the advent of feudal era in Scotland, the kingship of Scots evolved together with their right to succession of England inherited from the Anglosaxon royal dynasty through St Margaret of Scotland. After the Balliols, the rights, reckoned on basis of feudal primogeniture, continued to counts of Coucy and then to Bourbons of Vendome, uniting with the Navarrese crown in person of the future Henry IV of France. Currently it is held by Alice, Duchess of Calabria - as advertised in her son's website. Saint Margaret of Scotland (circa 1045 - November 16, 1093), Edgar Athelings sister, married King Malcolm Canmore. ...

The Jacobite claim, based on feudal primogeniture (the prevalent Scottish succession order) descent from Stewarts, namely from Charles I, is detailed in a separate article and currently belongs to Franz, Duke of Bavaria. They happen to represent also the claim from king Stephen of England. Charles Edward Stuart, Bonnie Prince Charlie, wearing the Jacobite blue bonnet Jacobitism was (and, to a very limited extent, is) the political movement dedicated to the restoration of the Stuart kings to the thrones of England and Scotland (including after 1707, when the Hanoverian government deemed those thrones to have... Franz, the Duke of Bavaria also known as King Francis II. He is the Jacobite heir to the throne of the United Kingdom, but does not assert his claim. ... Stephen (1096 – October 25, 1154), the last Norman King of England, reigned from 1135 to 1154, when he was succeeded by his cousin Henry II, the first of the Angevin or Plantagenet Kings. ...

When Robert II of Scotland, the first Stewart on the throne, had succeeded, he made the parliament to confirm the succession order due to several reasons. First, his eldest children's legitimacy was questionable due to his problematic marital alliances. secondly, the Bruce succession set by force of arms was still something to get settled against competitors. Robert II (March 2, 1316 – April 19, 1390), king of Scotland, called the Steward, a title that gave the name to the House of Stewart (or Stuart). ... Stewart is a common surname and male first name. ...

That succession order was Semi-Salic and stipulated all children of his two marriages eligble, despite any controversy in their births outside matrimony. First, all the male-line descent from him was entitled to succession (as in agnatic primogeniture) before any female or descendant through female descent could succeed. Then, after exhaustion of all males, female succession became allowed.

Indeed, in decades before the birth of the future Mary, Queen of Scots, there existed at least two and possibly more male-line branches of Robert II's dynasty. The longest-surviving of them was the main royal line up to James V of Scotland, but the second-longest survivor line, that of Duke of Albany of the second creation, went extinct only some seven years prior (John Stewart, 2nd Duke of Albany and count-consort of Auvergne, died as late as in 1536). Had they provided one more generation, Mary would have not succeeded her father, and the throne would have passed to Albany branch of Stewarts. Mary, Queen of Scots is the name of: Mary I of Scotland, the former queen of France and Scotland executed by her cousin Elizabeth I of England Mary, Queen of Scots (movie), a 1971 film about that queen starring Vanessa Redgrave Mary, Queen of Scots (1969 book), a 1969 book... James V (April 10, 1512 – December 14, 1542) was king of Scotland (September 9, 1513 – December 14, 1542). ... Duke of Albany is a peerage title that has occasionally been bestowed on the youngers sons in the Scottish and later the British Royal Family, particularly in the Houses of Stuart and Hanover. ... John Stewart, 2nd Duke of Albany (1481–1536) was a son of Alexander Stewart, 1st Duke of Albany and a grandson of King James II of Scotland. ...

However, James V being the last-surviving male-line Stewart descended from Robert II, he was entitled to leave the kingdom to his daughter, in absence of other agnates.

At the time of Mary's birth, the next heir were Hamiltons, Earl of Arran and his family, all of them already from female descent.

After Mary's accession, it is unclear whether any Salic provision was any longer in force. That became never a practical issue, since the junior royal Stuart dynasty never developed any agnate cadet branch in a way that a female would have been before it in the order of succession. However, if the provision were left and Scotland yet a separate kingdom, Victoria's accession in England would have separated Scotland - as would have Elizabeth II's, too. They both had uncles of male line who would have been more entitled to succession in pattern devised by Robert II.

References

An ancient, but useful work of reference for this article up to the year 1383 is John of Fordun's Chronicle of The Scottish Nation edited by W.F. Skene (Edinburgh, 1872)

See also

• Scottish monarchs family tree
• List of Kings of the Picts
• List of regnal numerals of future British monarchs
• Idi Amin, who claimed to be King of Scotland
• Lord High Commissioner to the Parliament of Scotland
• List of Queens of Scotland