Screening, in general, is the investigation of a great number of something (for instance, people) looking for those with a particular problem or feature. One example is at an airport, where many bags get x-rayed to try to detect any which may contain weapons or explosives. People are also screened going through a metal detector. Even though the procedure aims at a large number of screens, it is always equivalent to sampling in statistics, because the complete population is almost always inaccessible for screening. Sampling is that part of statistical practice concerned with the selection of individual observations intended to yield some knowledge about a population of concern, especially for the purposes of statistical inference. ...
Screening has other, more specific meanings:
In color printing, screening refers to a process that represents lighter shades as tiny dots, rather than solid areas, of ink
In physics, electric field screening refers to the dampening of an electric field by mobile charges
A type of tactic (sometimes legal, sometimes not) in sport games such as basketball or volleyball
A screening can refer to the display of a film in a movie theatre or screening room
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