Calligraphy in a Latin Bible of AD 1407 on display in Malmesbury Abbey, Wiltshire, England. The Bible was hand written in Belgium, by Gerard Brils, for reading aloud in a monastery.

Calligraphy (from Greek καλλος kallos "beauty" + γραφος graphos "writing") is the art of decorative writing. A style of calligraphy is described as a hand. Download high resolution version (1500x1011, 310 KB) Calligraphy in a Latin Bible of 1407AD on display in Malmesbury Abbey, Wiltshire, England. ... Download high resolution version (1500x1011, 310 KB) Calligraphy in a Latin Bible of 1407AD on display in Malmesbury Abbey, Wiltshire, England. ... Jump to: navigation, search Writing may refer to two activities: the inscribing of characters on a medium, with the intention of forming words and other constructs that represent language or record information, and the creation of material to be conveyed through written language. ...

Calligraphy should be distinguished from the studies of epigraphy or palaeography. The study of permanent inscriptions engraved in metal or chiselled into stone and the forms of letters used in them is called epigraphy. Epigraphy is a branch of the broader study of ancient handwriting in more general terms, called palaeography. Examples of ancient Roman graffiti are of interest to both calligraphers and palaeographers. Epigraphy (Greek, επιγραφή - written upon) is the study of inscriptions engraved into stone or other permanent materials, or cast in metal, the science of classifying them as to cultural context and date, elucidating them and assessing what conclusions can be deduced from them. ... Palaeography (British) or paleography (American) (from the Greek palaios, old and graphein, to write) is the study of ancient and medieval manuscripts, independent of the language (Koine Greek, Classical Latin, Medieval Latin, Old English, etc. ... Epigraphy (Greek, επιγραφή - written upon) is the study of inscriptions engraved into stone or other permanent materials, or cast in metal, the science of classifying them as to cultural context and date, elucidating them and assessing what conclusions can be deduced from them. ... Palaeography (British) or paleography (American) (from the Greek palaios, old and graphein, to write) is the study of ancient and medieval manuscripts, independent of the language (Koine Greek, Classical Latin, Medieval Latin, Old English, etc. ... Jump to: navigation, search Graffiti on the banks of the Tiber river in Rome, Italy. ...

East Asian calligraphy

This piece of Chinese calligraphy was penned by Song Dynasty official Su Shi. For centuries, Chinese literati were expected to master the art of calligraphy.

Main article: Chinese calligraphy

Calligraphy is an art dating back to the earliest day of history, and widely practiced throughout China to this day. Although it uses Chinese words as its vehicle of expression, one does not have to know Chinese to appreciate its beauty. Calligraphy, in essence, is an abstract art. Image:Su shi-calligraphy. ... Jump to: navigation, search The Song Dynasty (Chinese: 宋朝) was a ruling dynasty in China from 960-1279. ... Su Shi (蘇軾) (1037-1101) was a writer, poet, artist, calligrapher and statesman of the Song Dynasty, one of the major poets of the Song era. ... Calligraphy is an art dating back to the earliest day of history, and widely practiced throughout China to this day. ...

East Asian calligraphy typically uses ink brushes to write Chinese characters (called Hanzi in Chinese, Kanji in Japanese, and Hanja in Korean). Calligraphy (in Chinese, Shufa 書法, in Japanese Shodō 書道, in Korean, Seoyae 書藝, all meaning "the way of writing") is considered an important art in East Asia and the most refined form of East Asian painting. Ink brushes (筆, in Japanese fude) are speciality brushes used in East Asian calligraphy. ... Jump to: navigation, search 漢字 hànzì, hanja, kanji… in Traditional Chinese and other languages. ... Japanese writing Kanji 漢字 Kana 仮名 Hiragana 平仮名 Katakana 片仮名 Uses Furigana 振り仮名 Okurigana 送り仮名 Romaji ローマ字 Category Kanji (   漢字[?], literally Han characters) are Chinese characters used in Japanese. ... Hanja (lit. ... Shodō (書道 the way of writing) or Sho (書) is Japanese calligraphy. ... The history of calligraphy in Korea is very long. ... East Asia is a subregion of Asia that can be defined in either geographical or cultural terms. ... Jump to: navigation, search The Mona Lisa is perhaps the best-known artistic painting in the Western world. ...

Calligraphy has influenced most major art styles in East Asia, including sumi-e, a style of Chinese and Japanese painting based entirely on calligraphy. East Asia is a subregion of Asia that can be defined in either geographical or cultural terms. ... Autumn Landscape (Shukei-sansui). ... Painting is one of the oldest and most highly refined of the Japanese arts, stemming from classic continental traditions of the early historical period (sixth-seventh centuries A.D.). Native Japanese traditions reached their apex in the Heian period (A.D 794-1185), producing many artistic devices still in use. ...

Technical note: Due to technical limitations, some web browsers may not display some special characters in this article. ... Jump to: navigation, search Pinyin (Chinese: 拼音, pÄ«nyÄ«n) literally means join (together) sounds (a less literal translation being phoneticize, spell or transcription) in Chinese and usually refers to HànyÇ” PÄ«nyÄ«n (汉语拼音, literal meaning: Han language pinyin), which is a system of romanization (phonemic notation and transcription to... Japanese writing Kanji 漢字 Kana 仮名 Hiragana 平仮名 Katakana 片仮名 Uses Furigana 振り仮名 Okurigana 送り仮名 Romaji ローマ字 Category Rōmaji (ローマ字 Roman characters, sometimes misunderstood as romanji in English), is a Japanese term for the Latin alphabet. ... 《尋隱者不遇》—賈島 松下問童子 言師採藥去 隻在此山中 雲深不知處 Seeking the Master but not Meeting by Jia Dao Beneath a pine I asked a little child. ... The Clerical script is a style of Chinese calligraphy that is still being used. ... Calligraphy in the Kaishu style The Regular Script, or in Chinese Kaishu (楷書 Pinyin: kǎishū) and Japanese Kaisho, also commonly known as Standard Regular (正楷), is the newest of the Chinese calligraphy style (peaked at the 7th century), hence most common in modern writings and publications (after the non-calligraphy... This page is a candidate for speedy deletion. ... Also known as Cursive Calligraphy. ...

Islamic calligraphy

Main article: Islamic calligraphy

page of a 12th century Qur'an written in the Andalusi script

Islamic calligraphy is an aspect of Islamic art that has co-evolved alongside the religion of Islam and the Arabic language. The stylized signature of Sultan Abdul Hamid I of the Ottoman Empire was written in an expressive calligraphy. ... Download high resolution version (576x672, 265 KB)12th century Quran page, from http://faculty. ... Download high resolution version (576x672, 265 KB)12th century Quran page, from http://faculty. ... (11th century - 12th century - 13th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 12th century was that century which lasted from 1101 to 1200. ... Jump to: navigation, search In this article, all English Quranic quotes will be taken from Yusuf A. Alis translation. ... Al-Andalus is the Arabic name given the Iberian Peninsula by its Muslim conquerors; it refers to both the Caliphate proper and the general period of Muslim rule (711–1492). ... Islamic tilework of the Shrine of Hadhrat Masoumah, first built in the late 8th century. ... Jump to: navigation, search Islam â–¶(?) (Arabic: الإسلام al-islām) the submission to God is a monotheistic faith, one of the Abrahamic religions, the worlds second-largest religion, and said by some to be the fastest growing religion in the world. ... Jump to: navigation, search Arabic (Arabic: العربية; transliterated: al-carabiyyah, less formally, عربي transliterated: carabÄ«) is the largest member of the Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family (classification: South Central Semitic) and is closely related to Hebrew and Aramaic. ...

Arabic/Persian calligraphy is associated with geometric Islamic art (the Arabesque) on the walls and ceilings of mosques as well as on the page. Contemporary artists in the Islamic world draw on the heritage of calligraphy to use calligraphic inscriptions or abstractions in their work. Islam ( Arabic al-islām الإسلام,  listen?) the submission to God is a monotheistic faith and the worlds second-largest religion. ... This article is about Islamic art. ... Jump to: navigation, search Mosque; Aswan, Egypt. ... An artist is someone who employs creative talent to produce works of art. ... The Islamic world is the world-wide community of those who identify with Islam, known as Muslims, and who number approximately one-and-a-half billion people. ...

Instead of recalling something related to the reality of the spoken word, calligraphy for the Muslim is a visible expression of the highest art of all, the art of the spiritual world. Calligraphy has arguably become the most venerated form of Islamic art because it provides a link between the languages of the Muslims with the religion of Islam. The holy book of Islam, al-Qur'an, has played an important role in the development and evolution of the Arabic language, and by extension, calligraphy in the Arabic alphabet. Proverbs and complete passages from the Qur'an are still active sources for Islamic calligraphy. Jump to: navigation, search , A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم) is an adherent of Islam. ... Jump to: navigation, search Spirituality is, in a narrow sense, a concern with matters of the spirit, however that may be defined; but it is also a wide term with many available readings. ... Many religions and spiritual movements hold certain written texts (or series of spoken legends not traditionally written down) to be sacred. ... Jump to: navigation, search In this article, all English Quranic quotes will be taken from Yusuf A. Alis translation. ... A proverb (from the Latin proverbium) is a pithy saying which had gained credence through widespread or frequent use. ...

See also:

• Arabic alphabet
• Arabic language
• Persian language
• Islamic architecture
• Islamic pottery
• Islamic Golden Age

The Arabic alphabet is the script used for writing the Arabic language. ... Jump to: navigation, search Arabic (Arabic: العربية; transliterated: al-carabiyyah, less formally, عربي transliterated: carabī) is the largest member of the Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family (classification: South Central Semitic) and is closely related to Hebrew and Aramaic. ... Jump to: navigation, search Persian (فارسی / پارسی), (local name in Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan: ‘Fârsi’), ‘Pârsi’ (older local name, but still used by some speakers), Tajik (a Central Asian dialect) or Dari (another local name in Tajikistan and Afghanistan), is a language spoken in Iran, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, western Pakistan... Islamic architecture is the entire range of architecture that has evolved from Islam as a social, cultural, political and religious phenomenon. ... Islamic pottery era started around 622. ... Architecture is one of several fields that blossomed during the Golden Age of Islam. ...

Hebrew calligraphy

There was a strong parallel tradition to that of the Islamic, among Aramaic and Hebrew scholars, seen in such works as the Hebrew illuminated bibles of the 9th and 10th centuries. Aramaic is a Semitic language with a four-thousand year history. ... The word Hebrew can variously mean: Hebrew, a Semitic language spoken mainly in Israel The ancient Hebrews, or their descendants the Jews The New Testament book Hebrews The term Hebrew is sometimes used by certain Christian groups to distinguish the Jews in ancient times (before the birth of Jesus) from...

Western calligraphy

A calligraphy of the German word "Urkunde" (deed)

Western calligraphy is the calligraphy of the Latin writing system, and to a lesser degree the Greek and Cyrillic writing systems. Early alphabets had evolved by about 3000 BC. From the Greek alphabet evolved the Latin alphabet. Capital letters were developed first and lower case letters were invented considerably later. Image File history File links Schriftzug_Urkunde. ... Image File history File links Schriftzug_Urkunde. ... The Cyrillic alphabet (or azbuka, from the old name of the first letters) is an alphabet used to write six natural Slavic languages (Belarusian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Russian, Serbian, and Ukrainian) and many other languages of the former Soviet Union, Asia and Eastern Europe. ...

Long, heavy rolls of papyrus were replaced by the Romans with the first books, initially simply folded pages of parchment made from animal skins. Reed pens were replaced by quill pens. Papyrus plant Cyperus papyrus at Kew Gardens, London Papyrus is an early form of paper made from the pith of the papyrus plant, Cyperus papyrus, a wetland sedge that grows to 5 meters (15 ft) in height and was once abundant in the Nile Delta of Egypt. ...

Christianity gave a boost to the development of writing through the prolific copying of the Bible and other sacred texts. Uncial letters were used by monks in Ireland, Scotland, and other places on the Celtic fringes of Europe, hence the name "Insular style" for this type of writing. The 7th-9th Century in northern Europe was the heyday of the illuminated manuscript, exemplified by the Lindisfarne Gospels. The Book of Kells, c. ... Jump to: navigation, search Royal motto: Nemo me impune lacessit (Latin: No one provokes me with impunity) (Scots: Wha daur meddle wi me) Scotlands location within the UK Languages with Official Status1 English Gaelic Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow First Minister Jack McConnell Area - Total - % water Ranked 2nd UK... // Events Islam starts in Arabia, the Quran is written, and Syria, Iraq, Persia, North Africa and Central Asia convert to Islam. ... This earthenware dish was made in 9th century Iraq. ... Jump to: navigation, search Folio 27r from the Lindisfarne Gospels contains the incipit from the Gospel of Matthew. ...

Charlemagne helped the spread of beautiful writing by bringing Alcuin, the Abbot of York, to his capital of Aachen. Alcuin undertook a major revision of all styles of script and all texts. He then developed a new "hand" named after his patron Charlemagne: "Carolingian minuscule style". Jump to: navigation, search Charlemagne is also the name of a column in The Economist on European affairs. ... Jump to: navigation, search Rabanus Maurus (left), supported by Alcuin (middle), presents his work to Otgar of Mainz Flaccus Albinus Alcuinus or Ealhwine (about 735-May 19, 804) was a monk from York, England. ... York is a city in northern England, at the confluence of the Rivers Ouse and Foss. ... Jump to: navigation, search Map of Germany showing Aachen Aachen (French Aix-la-Chapelle, Dutch Aken, Latin Aquisgranum, Ripuarian Oche) is a spa city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, on the border with Belgium and the Netherlands, 65 km to the west of Cologne, and the westernmost city in Germany... The Carolingians (also known as the Carlovingians) were a dynasty of rulers that eventually controlled the Frankish realm and its successors from the 8th to the 10th century, officially taking over the kingdoms from the Merovingian dynasty in 751. ...

The Fraktur followed in the 11th century, and Italy contributed Chancery and Italic scripts. What followed was the heyday of the illuminated manuscript. Hand-written and hand-decorated books became less common after the invention of printing by Johann Gutenberg in the 15th century. However, at the end of the 19th century, William Morris and the Arts and Crafts Movement rediscovered and popularised calligraphy. Many famous calligraphers were influenced by Morris, especially Edward Johnston, Eric Gill and others. As a means of recording the passage of time, the 11th century was that century which lasted from 1001 to 1100. ... In the strictest definition of illuminated manuscript, only manuscripts decorated with gold or silver, like this miniature of Christ in Majesty from the Aberdeen Bestiary (folio 4v), would be considered illuminated. ... The folder of newspaper web offset printing press Printing is an industrial process for mass production of texts and images, typically with ink on paper using a printing press. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... (14th century - 15th century - 16th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 15th century was that century which lasted from 1401 to 1500. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... Jump to: navigation, search William Morris, socialist and innovator in the arts & crafts movement William Morris, publisher Davids Charge to Solomon (1882), a stained-glass window by Edward Burne-Jones and William Morris in Trinity Church, Boston, Massachusetts. ... Jump to: navigation, search Artichoke wallpaper, by John Henry Dearle for William Morris & Co. ...

Calligraphic writing of the word "Rotunda" in the Italian font of same name.

Some important contemporary calligraphers are Arthur Baker and Hermann Zapf. As handwritten forms of communication have become more rare, calligraphy is often reserved for special occasions and events, most notably the addressing of wedding invitations and announcements. However, graffiti-style lettering, a dramatic, angular, block hand, has become common in various media since the 1970s. Graffiti is especially associated with hip-hop, being one of its "four elements". Image File history File links Schriftzug_Rotunda. ... Image File history File links Schriftzug_Rotunda. ... Arthur Baker was the creator of a distinctive and dramatic style of brush and pen calligraphy. ... Hermann Zapf (born in Nuremberg, Germany on November 8, 1918) is a prolific German typeface designer. ... Jump to: navigation, search Graffiti on the banks of the Tiber river in Rome, Italy. ... Jump to: navigation, search The 1970s in its most obvious sense refers to the decade between 1970 and 1979. ... Hip hop is a cultural movement that began amongst urban African American youth in New York and has since spread around the world. ...

In the United Kingdom many calligraphers belong to the Society of Scribes and Illuminators, which provides training and development to members.

There are many calligraphic typefaces such as Fraktur, Lombardis, Uncial, Italic, Roundhand, and Blackletter. Fig. ... The Book of Kells, c. ... Old Italic refers to a number of related historical alphabets used on the Italian peninsula which were used for some non-Indo-European languages (Etruscan and probably North Picene), various Indo-European languages belonging to the Italic branch (Faliscan and members of the Sabellian group, including Oscan, Umbrian, and South... Blackletter in a Latin Bible of AD 1407, on display in Malmesbury Abbey, Wiltshire, England. ...

Copperplate is name of a style of calligraphic writing, using a sharp pointed nib instead of the flat nib used in most calligraphic writing. Its name comes from the sharp lines of the writing style resembling the etches of engraved copper. The Copperplate typeface attempts to emulate copper engraved letters. Copperplate refers to the use of inscribed sheets of copper in printing. ...

See also:

• List of typographic features
• Typographic Emphasis
• Typography
• Typographic units

OpenType Typographic Features All Alternates [aalt] Alternate Annotation [nalt] Alternative Fractions [afrc] Capitals to Petite Caps [c2pc] Capitals to Small Caps [c2sc] Case Sensive Forms [case+cpsp] Contextual Alternates [calt] Contextual Ligatures [clig] Contextual Swash [cswh] Denominator [dnom] Discretionary Ligatures [dlig] Expert Forms (Asian) [expt] Fractions [frac] Full Widths (Asian... Bold Bold, see Bold (disambiguation). ... Typographic work Typography (from the Greek words typos = form and grapho = write) is the art and technique of selecting and arranging type styles, point sizes, line lengths, line leading, character spacing, and word spacing for typeset applications. ... Typographic units are different from common metric units, as they were established earlier. ...

External links

• A Gallery of Arabic Calligraphy
• Chinese Calligraphy with tutorials
• Islamic Calligraphy & Calligraphers
• www.japan-guide.com
• http://www.osmanlimedeniyeti.com Ottoman Turkish Calligraphy (in Turkish)
• Islamic Calligraphy