A Genus with about 200 species of the family Scrophulariaceae, mostly subshrubs and herbaceous perennials. About 12 are native to North America and the rest Eurasian. The name is derived from the Latin word scrofula, and given this name because it was thought they were useful in curing Scrofula which is the term used for tuberculosis of the neck. Most are upright growing with square stems and oppositely paired leaves. The flowers are small, brownish or greenish colored and 2-lipped in panicle-like cymes which terminate the stems.
Under cultivation most plants are large and unshowy, best suited for wildflower gardens. Some species in this genus are known to contain potentially useful substances, such as iridoids, and several Scrophularia species have been used in various traditional medicines around the world, such as the Ningpo figwort (Chinese figwort).
The showiest species in the trade right now is S. auriculata FORM 'Variegata' with boldly market leaves of white and lime green. The leaves are thick and textured with wrinkles and pronounced veins. Grows 3 feet tall and about the same in width. It’s grown in and around water. Genera Agalinis Raf. ... The term traditional medicine is used with two main meanings. ... Binomial name Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl. ...
Species
S. aequilabris
S. alaschanica
S. amana
S. amplexicaulis
S. aquatica
S. atrata -- Black figwort, Bumblebee plant
S. atropatana
S. auriculata (varieties include: variegata)
S. balbisii
S. bitlisica
S. buergeriana (varieties include: tsinglingensis)
S. californica (varieties include: floribunda) -- California figwort, California bee plant
S. candelabrum
S. canina -- Dog figwort (varieties include: hoppii)
S. capillaris
S. carduchorum
S. catariifolia
S. chasmophila
S. chlorantha
S. chrysantha
S. cinerascens
S. crenophila
S. cryptophila
S. delavayi
S. dentata
S. depauperata
S. deserti
S. diplodonta
S. divaricata
S. elatior
S. erzincanica
S. fargesii
S. floribunda
S. formosana
S. frigida
S. frutescens
S. glabrata
S. grandiflora
S. gypsicola
S. henryi
S. herminii
S. heucheriiflora
S. hopii
S. hypericifolia
S. hypsophila
S. hyssopifolia
S. ilwensis
S. incisa
S. juratensis
S. kansuensis
S. kakudensis
S. kiriloviana
S. kotschyana
S. kurdica
S. laevigata
S. laevis -- Smooth figwort
S. lanceolata -- Lanceleaf figwort
S. lepidota
S. lhasaensis
S. libanotica. There are 2 subspecies: armena and libanotica. The latter has numerous varieties: libanotica, australis, nevshehirensis, cappadocica, oligantha, antalyensis, pontica, sivasica, urartuensis and mesogitana.
S. lijiangensis
S. lucida
S. luridiflora
S. macrantha (syn. S. coccinea, S. neomexicana) -- Mimbres figwort
The genus Scrophularia of the family Scrophulariaceae comprises about 200 species of herbaceous flowering plants commonly known as figworts (but this name also applies for the whole Scrophulariaceae family).
Members of Scrophularia all share square stems, opposite leaves and open two-lipped flowers forming clusters at the end of their stems.
Scrophularia species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Phymatopus hectoides.
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