Secobarbital
Systematic (IUPAC) name
5-(1-methylbutyl)-5-prop-2-enyl- hexahydropyrimidine-2,4,6-trione
Identifiers
CAS number	76-73-3
ATC code	N05CA06
PubChem	5193
DrugBank	APRD00497
Chemical data
Formula	C12H18N2O3
Mol. mass	238.283
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	?
Metabolism	Hepatic
Half life	?
Excretion	Renal
Therapeutic considerations
Pregnancy cat.	D (USA) Image File history File links Secobarbital. ... IUPAC nomenclature is a system of naming chemical compounds and of describing the science of chemistry in general. ... CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for chemical compounds, polymers, biological sequences, mixtures and alloys. ... The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System is used for the classification of drugs. ... A section of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System. ... PubChem is a database of chemical molecules. ... The DrugBank database available at the University of Alberta is a unique bioinformatics and cheminformatics resource that combines detailed drug (i. ... A chemical formula is a concise way of expressing information about the atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound. ... For other uses, see Carbon (disambiguation). ... General Name, Symbol, Number hydrogen, H, 1 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 1, 1, s Appearance colorless Atomic mass 1. ... General Name, symbol, number nitrogen, N, 7 Chemical series nonmetals Group, period, block 15, 2, p Appearance colorless gas Standard atomic weight 14. ... General Name, symbol, number oxygen, O, 8 Chemical series nonmetals, chalcogens Group, period, block 16, 2, p Appearance colorless (gas) very pale blue (liquid) Standard atomic weight 15. ... The molecular mass (abbreviated Mr) of a substance, formerly also called molecular weight and abbreviated as MW, is the mass of one molecule of that substance, relative to the unified atomic mass unit u (equal to 1/12 the mass of one atom of carbon-12). ... In pharmacology, bioavailability is used to describe the fraction of an administered dose of unchanged drug that reaches the systemic circulation, one of the principal pharmacokinetic properties of drugs. ... Drug metabolism is the metabolism of drugs, their biochemical modification or degradation, usually through specialized enzymatic systems. ... The liver is an organ in vertebrates including humans. ... It has been suggested that Effective half-life be merged into this article or section. ... The kidneys are important excretory organs in vertebrates. ... Kidneys viewed from behind with spine removed The kidneys are bean-shaped excretory organs in vertebrates. ... The pregnancy category of a pharmaceutical agent is an assessment of the risk of fetal injury due to the pharmaceutical, if it is used as directed by the mother during pregnancy. ...
Legal status	Schedule II(US) The regulation of therapeutic goods, that is drugs and therapeutic devices, varies by jurisdiction. ... The Controlled Substances Act (CSA) was enacted into law by the Congress of the United States as Title II of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970. ... Motto: (Out Of Many, One) (traditional) In God We Trust (1956 to date) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington D.C. Largest city New York City None at federal level (English de facto) Government Federal constitutional republic  - President George Walker Bush (R)  - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence from...
Routes	Oral

Secobarbital (marketed by Eli Lilly and Company under the brand names Seconal® and Tuinal) is a barbiturate derivative drug. It possesses anaesthetic, anticonvulsant, sedative and hypnotic properties. In the United Kingdom, it was known as Quinalbarbitone. In pharmacology and toxicology, a route of administration is the path by which a drug, fluid, poison or other substance is brought into contact with the body. ... Eli Lilly and Company (NYSE: LLY) is a global pharmaceutical company and one of the worlds largest corporations. ... Barbituric acid, the basic structure of all barbiturates Barbiturates are drugs that act as central nervous system depressants, and by virtue of this they produce a wide spectrum of effects, from mild sedation to anesthesia. ... Anesthesia (AE), also anaesthesia (BE), is the process of blocking the perception of pain and other sensations. ... The anticonvulsants, sometimes also called antiepileptics, belong to a diverse group of pharmaceuticals used in prevention of the occurrence of epileptic seizures. ... A sedative is a substance that depresses the central nervous system (CNS), resulting in calmness, relaxation, reduction of anxiety, sleepiness, and slowed breathing, as well as slurred speech, staggering gait, poor judgment, and slow, uncertain reflexes. ... Hypnotic drugs are a class of drugs that induce sleep, used in the treatment of severe insomnia. ...

Indications

Secobarbital is indicated for:

• Treatment of epilepsy
• Temporary treatment of insomnia in patients resistant to mainstream hypnotics
• Use as a preoperative medication to produce anaesthesia and anxiolysis in short surgical, diagnostic, or therapeutic procedures which are minimally painful.

This article is about the sleeping disorder. ... Anesthesia (AE), also anaesthesia (BE), is the process of blocking the perception of pain and other sensations. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

Availability

It is available as either a free acid or a sodium salt. The free acid is a white amorphous powder that is slightly soluble in water and very soluble in ethanol. The salt is a white hygroscopic powder that is soluble in water and ethanol. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... For other uses, see acid (disambiguation). ... For sodium in the diet, see Edible salt. ... For other uses, see Salt (disambiguation). ... An amorphous solid is a solid in which there is no long-range order of the positions of the atoms. ... A hygroscopic substance is a substance that absorbs water readily from its surroundings. ...

Secobarbital sodium

The sodium salt of secobarbital is classified separately from the free acid, as follows:

• CAS number: 309-43-3
• Chemical formula: C₁₂H₁₈N₂NaO₃
• Molecular weight: 260.265

Side effects

Side effects of secobarbital include:

• Somnolence
• Impaired motor functions
  • Impaired coordination
  • Impaired balance
  • Dizziness
• Anxiety
• Confusion
• Agitation, irritability, or excitability
• Headache
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Nightmares
• Increased sensitivity to pain
• Allergic reactions
  • Difficulty breathing
  • Edema
  • Urticaria

Somnolence (or drowsiness) is a state of near-sleep, a strong desire for sleep, or sleeping for unusually long periods. ... // Pre-syncope is a sensation of feeling faint. ... Anxiety is a physiological state characterized by cognitive, somatic, emotional, and behavioral components (Seligman, Walker & Rosenhan, 2001). ... For other uses, see Nausea (disambiguation). ... This page is about a type of dream. ... This article needs cleanup. ... This page is about the condition called edema. ...

Withdrawal

Secobarbital is a fairly addictive drug, and withdrawal symptoms can occur if long-term usage is abruptly ended. Withdrawal symptoms can include: For other uses, see addicted. ... Withdrawal, also known as withdrawal syndrome, refers to the characteristic signs and symptoms that appear when a drug that causes physical dependence is regularly used for a long time and then suddenly discontinued or decreased in dosage. ...

• Insomnia
• REM rebound
• Anxiety
• Tremors
• Seizures
• Lack of appetite
• Death

Recreational Use

Secobarbital began to be widely abused in the 1960s and 1970s, although with the advent of benzodiazepines, they have become less commonly used. The 1960s decade refers to the years from 1960 to 1969, inclusive. ... The 1970s decade refers to the years from 1970 to 1979, also called The Seventies. ... Benzodiazepine tablets The benzodiazepines are a class of drugs with hypnotic, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, amnestic and muscle relaxant properties. ...

Secobarbital has acquired many nicknames, the most common being "reds", or "red dillies" (it was originally packaged in red capsules). Another common nickname is "seccies". A less common nickname is "dolls"; this was partly responsible for the title of Jacqueline Susann's novel Valley of the Dolls, whose main characters use secobarbital and other such drugs. Jacqueline Susann (August 20, 1918 – September 21, 1974 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) was a Jewish-American author known for her mass-appeal novels. ... Valley of the Dolls is the title of a best selling novel by Jacqueline Susann, published in 1966, the Hollywood film which followed it in 1967, and the 1994 late-night, syndicated television soap opera. ...

Another popular brand of barbiturate pill Tuinal contained a combination of secobarbital and amobarbital but is now rarely prescribed due to problems with abuse and overdose. Tuinal is the brand name of a drug that combines two barbiturates — secobarbital and amobarbital — in equal proportions. ... Amobarbital (formerly known as amylobarbitone) is a drug that is a barbiturate derivative. ... A drug overdose occurs when a chemical substance (i. ...

Cause of Death of Charles Boyer

Two days after his wife died from cancer in 1978, Charles Boyer committed suicide with an overdose of Seconal. Charles Boyer (August 28, 1899 – August 26, 1978) was a French-American actor who starred in several classic Hollywood films, TV director and TV producer. ...

Cause of Death of Bartley Crum

Bartley Crum was the attorney for some of the so-called "Hollywood Ten" who were subpoenaed to appear before the House Un-American Activities Committee in 1947. The FBI tapped Crum's phones, opened his mail, and shadowed him constantly. Labeled as subversive, he ended up losing most of his clients and, unable to cope with stress from the harassment, committed suicide in 1959 by washing down an entire bottle of Seconal with whisky. Bartley Cavanaugh Crum (1900-1959) was a prominent American lawyer. ...

Cause of Death of Judy Garland

Judy Garland, of "The Wizard of Oz" fame, was found dead in her bathroom by her husband Mickey Deans on June 22, 1969. The stated exact cause of death by coroner Gavin Thursdon was accidental overdose of barbiturates; her blood contained the equivalent of 10 1.5-grain Seconal capsules.^[1] Judy Garland (born Frances Ethel Gumm; June 10, 1922 – June 22, 1969) was an Academy Award-nominated American film actress and singer, best known for her role as Dorothy Gale in The Wizard of Oz (1939). ... The Wizard of Oz (film) redirects here. ... Mickey Deans, born Michael DeVinko on September 24, 1934 in Garfield, New Jersey - died July 11, 2003 in Cleveland, Ohio, was a discotheque manager and the fifth and last husband of Judy Garland. ...

Role in Death of Jimi Hendrix

Secobarbital played a role in the September 18, 1970 death of legendary rock guitarist Jimi Hendrix, who purportedly took nine Secobarbital tablets after a night of drinking wine and was later found dead in his London apartment. Hendrix' death was caused by asphyxiation, after Hendrix presumably vomited in his sleep as a result of the mixture of the excessive Secobarbital dose and alcohol. Jimi Hendrix (November 27, 1942 – September 18, 1970) was an American guitar virtuoso, singer and songwriter. ... For other uses, see Wine (disambiguation). ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... Asphyxia is a condition of severely deficient supply of oxygen to the body. ...

Role in Death of Anissa Jones

Anissa Jones' fatal overdose was of a combination of cocaine, PCP, Methaqualone, and Seconal. The San Diego County coroner said it was one of the most severe cases of drug overdose ever seen in San Diego County. Mary Anissa Jones (March 11, 1958 – August 28, 1976) was an American child actress, born in West Lafayette, Indiana. ... Cocaine is a crystalline tropane alkaloid that is obtained from the leaves of the coca plant. ... PCP may refer to: In politics: Partido Comunista del Peru, also known as Shining Path Partido Comunista Paraguayo, Paraguayan Communist Party Partido Comunista Peruano, Peruvian Communist Party Partido Comunista Português, Portuguese Communist Party Partido Comunista Puertorriqueño, Puerto Rican Communist Party Partit Català Proletari, Proletarian Catalan Party In science... Methaqualone tablets and capsules. ... San Diego County is a county located on the Pacific Ocean in the far southwest of California, along the border with Mexico. ...

Cause of Death of Carol Landis

On July 5, 1948, Carole Landis committed suicide by taking an overdose of Seconal in her Brentwood Heights, California home. Carole Landis (January 1, 1919 – July 5, 1948) was an American film actress. ...

Cause of Death of Marilyn Monroe

In March 2007, an LA-based Australian writer and director named Philippe Mora uncovered previously-classified government documents regarding Marilyn Monroe's death. These documents, in turn, cited Seconal as Monroe's barbiturate of choice for her alleged suicide. Marilyn Monroe (born Norma Jeane Mortenson on June 1, 1926 – August 5, 1962), was a Golden Globe Award-winning American actress, singer, model and pop icon. ...

Cause of Death of Alejandra Pizarnik

Alejandra Pizarnik, an Argentine poetess, reportedly died, in 1972 at the age of 36, from a self-induced overdose of seconal. Alejandra Pizarnik was an Argentine poet. ...

Use as a lethal injection

Secobarbital overdose was the most common method of implementing physician-assisted suicide (PAS) in Oregon until Eli Lilly and Company discontinued manufacturing it in May 2001, leading to a shortage of the drug. Since then, pentobarbital has dominated in Oregon PAS. Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited have experienced approval issues in their attempts to produce 100 mg secobarbital capsules, but there is no longer a shortage as of October 2006. This article is about the execution and euthanasia method. ... Euthanasia (Greek, good death) is the practice of killing a person or animal, in a painless or minimally painful way, for merciful reasons, usually to end their suffering. ... Eli Lilly and Company (NYSE: LLY) is a global pharmaceutical company and one of the worlds largest corporations. ... Pentobarbital is a short acting barbiturate that is available as both a free acid and a sodium salt, the former of which is only slightly soluble in water and ethanol. ... Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited is an Indian company incorporated in 1961. ...

It is a component in the veterinary drug Somulose, used for euthanasia of horses and cattle. Veterinary medicine is the application of medical diagnostic and therapeutic principles to companion, domestic, exotic, wildlife, and production animals. ... Put down redirects here you may be looking for Insult This article is about euthanasia of animals. ... Who ever deleted my page is a prat and i wil hunt them down on lucy and shout at them loudly! RAAAAARRR! connie sansom ... For general information about the genus, including other species of cattle, see Bos. ...

References

1. ^ Thomson, David,Film Studies: She couldn't act for toffee - until she burst into song; The Independent; 2004-06-27; Retrieved on 2007-01-26

For other uses, see The Independent (disambiguation). ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 178th day of the year (179th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st Century. ... is the 26th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

• Drugs.com - Secobarbital
• RxList.com - Secobarbital Consumer information.