The Second Barons' War (1264–1267) was a civil war in England between the forces of a number of rebellious barons lead by Simon de Montfort, against the Royalist forces led by Prince Edward (later Edward I of England). Events May 12 - The Battle of Lewes begins (ends May 14). ... For broader historical context, see 1260s and 13th century. ... A civil war is a war in which the competing parties are segments of the same country or empire. ... Royal motto (French): Dieu et mon droit (Translated: God and my right) Englands location within the UK Official language English de facto Capital London de facto Largest city London Area - Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population - Total (mid-2004) - Density Ranked 1st UK 50. ... Baron is a specific title of nobility or a more generic feudal qualification. ... Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester (1208 – August 4, 1265) was the principal leader of the baronial opposition to king Henry III of England. ... King Edward I of England (June 17, 1239 – July 7, 1307), popularly known as Longshanks because of his 6 foot 2 inch frame and the Hammer of the Scots (his tombstone, in Latin, read, Hic est Edwardvs Primus Scottorum Malleus, Here lies Edward I, Hammer of the Scots), achieved fame...

The reign of Henry III is most remembered for this period of civil strife which was provoked ostensibly by Henry III's demands for extra finances, but marked a more general dissatisfaction with Henry's methods of government on the part of the English barons, discontent which was exacerbated by widespread famine. Henry III (October 1, 1207 – November 16, 1272) is one of the least-known British monarchs, considering the great length of his reign. ... A famine is a phenomenon in which a large percentage of the population of a region or country are undernourished that death by starvation becomes increasingly common. ...

French-born Simon de Montfort had originally been one of the foreign upstarts so loathed by many as Henry's foreign councillors, but after he married Henry’s sister Eleanor without consulting Henry, a feud developed between the two. Their relationship reached a crisis in the 1250s when de Montfort was put on trial for actions he took as lieutenant of Gascony, the last remaining Plantagenet lands across the English Channel. Two notable men bore the name of Simon de Montfort or Simon de Montford in the middle ages: Simon de Montfort, 5th Earl of Leicester (1160 - 1218), a French nobleman, achieved prominence in the Fourth Crusade and in the Albigensian Crusade. ... Gascony (French: Gascogne, pronounced  ; Gascon: Gasconha, pronounced ) is an area of southwest France that constituted a royal province prior to the French Revolution. ... The English Channel, also for some time known as the British Sea (French: La Manche, the sleeve) is the part of the Atlantic Ocean that separates the island of Great Britain from northern France, and joins the North Sea to the Atlantic Ocean. ...

Henry also became embroiled in funding a war in Sicily on behalf of the Pope in return for a title for his second son Edmund, a state of affairs which made many barons fearful that Henry was following in the footsteps of his father and needed to be kept in check, just as King John had. De Montfort became leader of those who wanted to reassert Magna Carta and force the king to surrender more power to the baronial council. In 1258 seven leading barons forced Henry to agree to the Provisions of Oxford which effectively abolished the absolutist Anglo-Norman monarchy, giving power to a council of fifteen barons to deal with the business of government and providing for a three yearly meeting of parliament to monitor their performance. Sicily (Sicilia in Italian) is an autonomous region of Italy and the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, with an area of 25,700 sq. ... The Pope is the Catholic Bishop and patriarch of Rome, and head of the Catholic Church. ... Edmund Crouchback (January 16, 1245 - June 5, 1296) was the second surviving son of Eleanor of Provence and King Henry III of England. ... John (December 24, 1166–October 18/19, 1216) reigned as King of England from April 6, 1199, until his death. ... Magna Carta placed certain checks on the absolute power of the English Monarchs. ... Events= February 10 - Mongols overrun Baghdad, burning it to the ground and killing 800,000 citizens Llywelyn the Last declares himself Prince of Wales. ... In 1258 a group of barons, led by Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester, forced King Henry III of England to accept a new form of government in which power was placed in the hands of a council of 15 members who were to supervise ministerial appointments, local administration... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... An aerial view of Parliament of India at New Delhi. ...

Henry was forced to take part in the swearing of a collective oath to the Provisions of Oxford. In the following years, those supporting de Montfort and those loyal to the king grew more and more polarised; Henry obtained a papal bull in 1261 exempting him from his oath and both sides began to raise armies, the Royalists under Edward Longshanks, Henry's eldest son. Civil War followed. In 1258 a group of barons, led by Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester, forced King Henry III of England to accept a new form of government in which power was placed in the hands of a council of 15 members who were to supervise ministerial appointments, local administration... Papal bull of Pope Urban VIII, 1637, sealed with a leaden bulla. ... Events July 25 - Constantinople re-captured by Nicaean forces under the command of Michael VIII Palaeologus, Byzantine Empire re-formed August 29 - Urban IV becomes Pope, the last man to do so without being a Cardinal first Bela IV of Hungary repels Tatar invasion Charles of Anjou given rule of... A civil war is a war in which the competing parties are segments of the same country or empire. ...

The charismatic de Montfort and his forces had captured most of southeastern England by 1263 and at the Battle of Lewes in 1264, Henry was defeated and taken prisoner by de Montfort's army. While Henry was reduced to a figurehead king, de Montfort broadened representation to include each county of England and many important towns – i.e. to groups beyond the nobility. Henry and Edward continued under house arrest. The short period which followed was the closest England was to come to complete abolition of the monarchy until the Commonwealth period of 1649–1660, and many of the barons who had initially supported de Montfort began to suspect that he had gone too far with his reforming zeal. Events Detmold, Germany was founded. ... The Battle of Lewes was a battle fought at Lewes in Sussex, from May 12 to May 14, 1264. ... Events May 12 - The Battle of Lewes begins (ends May 14). ... Originally, in continental Europe, a county was the land under the jurisdiction of a count. ... // Definition and linguistics The original phrase common wealth or the common weal is a calque translation of the Latin term res publica (public matters), from which the word republic comes, which was itself used as a synonym for the greek politeia as well as for the republican (i. ...

Only fifteen months later de Montfort's gains were reversed when Edward Longshanks escaped captivity to lead the royalists into battle again, defeating and killing de Montfort at the Battle of Evesham in 1265. Following this victory savage retribution was exacted on the rebels and authority was restored to King Henry. Edward I; illustration from Cassells History of England circa 1902. ... The Battle of Evesham was an important battle in the history of England which took place on August 4, 1265. ... Events January 20 - In Westminster, the first English parliament conducts its first meeting. ...

Timeline

• 1261 - King Henry III of England obtains a papal bull releasing him from the Provisions of Oxford
• 1264 - Before May - The war officially begins.
• 1264 - May 12 to May 14 - The Battle of Lewes is fought between Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester and King Henry III of England in Sussex. By the end of the battle, de Montfort's forces capture both King Henry and his son, future King Edward I, making de Montfort the "uncrowned king of England".
• 1265 - January 20 - In Westminster, the first English parliament conducts its first meeting in the Palace of Westminster, now also known as the Houses of Parliament.
• 1265 - Before August - Future King Edward I of England escapes captivity in the hands of Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester.
• 1265 - August 4 - The Battle of Evesham is fought in Worcestershire, with the army of Edward defeating the forces of rebellious barons led by Simon de Montfort and killing de Montfort and many of his allies. (This is sometimes considered the death of chivalry in England.)
• 1266 - October - The war winds down as supporters of the slain rebel leader Simon de Montfort make an offer of peace to the king in the Dictum of Kenilworth.
• 1267 - The war ends, as the rebels and King Henry III of England agree to peace terms as laid out in the Dictum of Kenilworth.

Events July 25 - Constantinople re-captured by Nicaean forces under the command of Michael VIII Palaeologus, Byzantine Empire re-formed August 29 - Urban IV becomes Pope, the last man to do so without being a Cardinal first Bela IV of Hungary repels Tatar invasion Charles of Anjou given rule of... Henry III (October 1, 1207 – November 16, 1272) is one of the least-known British monarchs, considering the great length of his reign. ... Papal bull of Pope Urban VIII, 1637, sealed with a leaden bulla. ... In 1258 a group of barons, led by Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester, forced King Henry III of England to accept a new form of government in which power was placed in the hands of a council of 15 members who were to supervise ministerial appointments, local administration... Events May 12 - The Battle of Lewes begins (ends May 14). ... May 12 is the 132nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (133rd in leap years). ... May 14 is the 134th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (135th in leap years). ... The Battle of Lewes was a battle fought at Lewes in Sussex, from May 12 to May 14, 1264. ... Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester (1208 – August 4, 1265) was the principal leader of the baronial opposition to king Henry III of England. ... Henry III (October 1, 1207 – November 16, 1272) is one of the least-known British monarchs, considering the great length of his reign. ... Sussex is a traditional county in southern England, divided for administrative purposes into West Sussex and East Sussex and the city of Brighton and Hove. ... King Edward I of England (June 17, 1239 – July 7, 1307), popularly known as Longshanks because of his 6 foot 2 inch frame and the Hammer of the Scots (his tombstone, in Latin, read, Hic est Edwardvs Primus Scottorum Malleus, Here lies Edward I, Hammer of the Scots), achieved fame... Royal motto (French): Dieu et mon droit (Translated: God and my right) Englands location within the UK Official language English de facto Capital London de facto Largest city London Area - Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population - Total (mid-2004) - Density Ranked 1st UK 50. ... Events January 20 - In Westminster, the first English parliament conducts its first meeting. ... January 20 is the 20th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Westminster is the area located immediately to the west of the ancient City of London, in the centre of the wider conurbation of London. ... Royal motto (French): Dieu et mon droit (Translated: God and my right) Englands location within the UK Official language English de facto Capital London de facto Largest city London Area - Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population - Total (mid-2004) - Density Ranked 1st UK 50. ... An aerial view of Parliament of India at New Delhi. ... The Palace of Westminster, known also as the Houses of Parliament, is where the two Houses of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (the House of Lords and the House of Commons) conduct their sittings. ... This may refer to the: British Houses of Parliament. ... King Edward I of England (June 17, 1239 – July 7, 1307), popularly known as Longshanks because of his 6 foot 2 inch frame and the Hammer of the Scots (his tombstone, in Latin, read, Hic est Edwardvs Primus Scottorum Malleus, Here lies Edward I, Hammer of the Scots), achieved fame... Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester (1208 – August 4, 1265) was the principal leader of the baronial opposition to king Henry III of England. ... August 4 is the 216th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (217th in leap years), with 149 days remaining. ... The Battle of Evesham was an important battle in the history of England which took place on August 4, 1265. ... Worcestershire (pronounced /ˈwʊstə.təʃə/ or /ˈwʊstə.təʃiːɜː/ or /ˈwʊstə.təʃaɪə/; abbreviated Worcs) is a county, located in the West Midlands region of central England. ... See also order of chivalry Woman under the Safeguard of Knighthood, allegorical Scene. ... Royal motto (French): Dieu et mon droit (Translated: God and my right) Englands location within the UK Official language English de facto Capital London de facto Largest city London Area - Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population - Total (mid-2004) - Density Ranked 1st UK 50. ... Events February 26 - French defeat Germans and Sicilians at Battle of Benevento. ... October is the tenth month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of seven Gregorian months with the length of 31 days. ... Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester (1208 – August 4, 1265) was the principal leader of the baronial opposition to king Henry III of England. ... The Dictum of Kenilworth issued in October 1266, was the terms of the supporters of Simon de Montfort for ending their resistance to Henry III of England. ... For broader historical context, see 1260s and 13th century. ... Henry III (October 1, 1207 – November 16, 1272) is one of the least-known British monarchs, considering the great length of his reign. ... The Dictum of Kenilworth issued in October 1266, was the terms of the supporters of Simon de Montfort for ending their resistance to Henry III of England. ...

See also

• Henry III of England
• Simon de Montfort
• First Barons' War