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In France of the ancien régime and the age of the French Revolution, the term Second Estate (Fr. second état) indicated the nobility and (technically, though not in common use) royalty, the First Estate were the clergy, and the rest of the population constituted the Third Estate. From these terms came the name of the medieval French national assembly: the Estates-General (Fr. Etats-Généraux), the analogue to the British Parliament but with no constitutional tradition of vested powers: the French monarchy remained absolute. Ancien Régime means Old Rule or Old Order in French; in English, the term refers primarily to the social and political system established in France under the Valois and Bourbon dynasties. ...
In France under the ancien régime, the Estates of the realm were the three divisions of the Estates-General. ...
In France of the ancien régime and the age of the French Revolution, the term First Estate (Fr. ...
In France of the ancien régime and the age of the French Revolution, the term Third Estate (tiers état) indicated the generality of people which were not part of the clergy (the First Estate) nor of the nobility (the Second Estate). ...
Parlements (pronounced in French) in ancien régime France — contrary to what their name would suggest to the modern reader — were not democratic or political institutions, but law courts . ...
The taille was a direct land tax on the French peasantry in ancien régime France (since the nobles refused to pay taxes). ...
The gabelle was a very unpopular tax on salt in France before 1790. ...
The seigneurial system was the semi-feudal system of noble privilege in France and its colonies. ...
France under the Ancien Régime, the socio-political system which persisted throughout the rule of the Valois and Bourbon dynasties, was a nation half-way between feudalism and modernity, ruled over by a powerful absolute monarchy which relied on the doctrine of the Divine Right of Kings and the...
The direct Capetian Dynasty followed the Carolingian rulers of France from 987 to 1328. ...
The Valois Dynasty succeeded the Capetian Dynasty as rulers of France from 1328-1589. ...
This article or section should include material from France: Wars of Religion - Bourbon Dynasty. ...
In France under the ancien gime, the States-General or Estates-General (in French: tats-G raux), was an assembly of the different classes of French citizenry. ...
Ancien Régime means Old Rule or Old Order in French; in English, the term refers primarily to the social and political system established in France under the Valois and Bourbon dynasties. ...
The period of the French Revolution in the history of France covers the years between 1789 and 1799, in which democrats and republicans overthrew the absolute monarchy and the Roman Catholic Church was forced to undergo radical restructuring. ...
The Lords and Barons prove their Nobility by hanging their Banners and exposing their Coats-of-arms at the Windows of the Lodge of the Heralds. ...
A royal family is the extended family of a monarch. ...
In France of the ancien régime and the age of the French Revolution, the term First Estate (Fr. ...
Clergy is the generic term used to describe the formal religious leadership within a given religion. ...
In France of the ancien régime and the age of the French Revolution, the term Third Estate (tiers état) indicated the generality of people which were not part of the clergy (the First Estate) nor of the nobility (the Second Estate). ...
In France under the ancien gime, the States-General or Estates-General (in French: tats-G raux), was an assembly of the different classes of French citizenry. ...
The debating chamber or hemicycle of the European Parliament in Brussels. ...
For related meanings see also Monarch (disambiguation) A monarchy, (from the Greek monos, one, and archein, to rule) is a form of government that has a monarch as Head of State. ...
Absolute monarchy is an idealized form of government, a monarchy where the ruler has the power to rule his or her country and citizens freely with no laws or legally-organized direct opposition telling him or her what to do, although some religious authority may be able to discourage the...
The Second Estate is traditionally divided into "noblesse d'epee" ("nobility of the sword") and "noblesse de la robe" ("nobility of the gown"), the magisterial class that administered royal justice and civil government.
The French inheritance system of primogeniture meant that nearly all French fortunes would pass largely in a single line, through the eldest son. Primogeniture is inheritance by the first-born of the entirety of a parents wealth, estate or office, or in the absence of children, by collateral relatives in order of seniority of the collateral line. ...
Under the ancien régime, the Second Estate were exempt from most forms of taxation.
Use of this term outside of France
The notion of Estates of the realm also exists in Britain, where a close analogue to the French Second Estate would be the Lords Temporal. The picture is somewhat complicated by the British concept of gentry who are not nobility. In France under the ancien régime, the Estates of the realm were the three divisions of the Estates-General. ...
This article is about the British House of Lords. ...
The gentry refers to a social class of landowners. ...
The Estates General See main article French States-General. In France under the ancien gime, the States-General or Estates-General (in French: tats-G raux), was an assembly of the different classes of French citizenry. ...
The first Estates-General was called by Philip IV in 1302, in order to obtain national approval for his anticlerical policy. Philip organized the assembly into three divisions, and every following Estates-General up to 1789 maintained the division. Philippe IV, recumbent statue on his tomb, Royal Necropolis, Saint Denis Basilica Philip IV (French: Philippe IV; 1268–November 29, 1314) was King of France from 1285 until his death. ...
Anti-clericalism is a movement that opposes religious interference into public and political life and more generally the encroachment of religion in the citizens lives. ...
The Estates-General of France dwindled in importance, and after 1614 it was not called again for 175 years. Events April 5 - In Virginia, Native American Pocahontas marries English colonist John Rolfe. ...
1789: End of The Estates General See main article Estates-General of 1789. The Estates-General of 1789 was the first meeting of the French Estates-General, a general assembly consisting of representatives from all but the poorest segment of the French citizenry, since 1614. ...
In May 1789, Louis XVI convened the Estates-General in order to address the financial crisis of the kingdom, which was effectively bankrupt. By this point, however, the French aristocracy has declined in power and influence, while the bourgeoisie had become much more important and conscious of itself as a class. The Third Estate, containing representatives of the bourgeois, asked for greater share of representation than it had possessed in earlier centuries; they were given twice as many representatives, but since voting was to be by the three Estates rather then by individual representatives, this gave them no immediately meanigful advantage. The Third Estate then asked for all estates to meet together as a single body. 1789 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...
Louis XVI Louis XVI (August 23, 1754 - January 21, 1793), was King of France and Navarre from 1774 until 1791, and then King of the French in 1791-1792. ...
On June 12, 1789 the Communes, the representatives of the Third Estate, invited the other orders to join them. (Some nobles, notably Mirabeau, were already present, having been elected to represent the Third Estate.) On June 17, 1789 the Communes declared themselves the National Assembly and (June 20, 1789) signed the Tennis Court Oath demanding a constitution for France. Portrait of Mirabeau Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, Comte de Mirabeau, (often referred to simply as Mirabeau) ( March 9, 1749 - April 2, 1791) was a French writer, popular orator and statesman. ...
June 17 is the 168th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (169th in leap years), with 197 days remaining. ...
The National Assembly is the name of either a legislature, or the lower house of a bicameral legislature in some countries. ...
June 20 is the 171st day of the year (172nd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 194 days remaining. ...
1789 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...
Sketch by Jacques-Louis David of the Tennis Court Oath. ...
Over the next week, most of the First Estate (and some of the Second) joined the National Assembly; on June 27 the king ordered the rest to follow. This was the end of the formal system of Estates of the Realm. June 27 is the 178th day of the year (179th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 187 days remaining. ...
End of Nobility in France On August 4, 1789, seigneurial dues were abolished, along with religious tithes. The nobility were subjected to the same taxation as their co-nationals, but for the moment they retained their titles. However the notions of equality and fraternity would soon triumph over official recognition of a noble class. Some nobles such as the Marquis de Lafayette supported the abolition of legal recognition of nobility, but even some other liberal nobles who had happily sacrificed their fiscal privileges saw this as an attack on the culture of honor. Nonetheless, the French Nobility was disbanded outright by the National Constituent Assembly on June 19, 1790, during the same period in which the were debating the Civil Constitution of the Clergy. August 4 is the 216th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (217th in leap years), with 149 days remaining. ...
A tithe is a one-tenth part of something, paid as a voluntary contribution or as a tax or levy, usually to support a religious organization. ...
Marie-Joseph-Paul-Roch-Yves-Gilbert du Motier, marquis de La Fayette (September 6, 1757–May 20, 1834), was a French aristocrat most famous for his participation in the American Revolutionary War and early French Revolution. ...
The National Constituent Assembly (French: Assemblée nationale constituante) was formed from the National Assembly on July 9, 1789, during the first stages of the French Revolution. ...
June 19 is the 170th day of the year (171st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 195 days remaining. ...
1790 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...
The law of the Civil Constitution of the Clergy (Fr. ...
See also In France under the ancien régime, the Estates of the realm were the three divisions of the Estates-General. ...
In France of the ancien régime and the age of the French Revolution, the term Third Estate (tiers état) indicated the generality of people which were not part of the clergy (the First Estate) nor of the nobility (the Second Estate). ...
The term Fourth Estate refers to the press, both in its explicit capacity of advocacy and in its implicit ability to frame political issues. ...
A social class is, at its most basic, a group of people that have similar social status. ...
Class Warfare is a book of interviews with Noam Chomsky conducted by David Barsamian. ...
External link
References - Michael P. Fitzsimmons, The Night the Old Regime Ended: August 4, 1789 and the French Revolution, Pennsylvania State University Press, 2003. ISBN 0271022337, quoted and paraphrased at http://www3.uakron.edu/hfrance/reviews/crubaugh.html.
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