NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Second Life

Second Life (abbreviated as SL) is an Internet-based virtual world launched in 2003, developed by Linden Research, Inc (commonly referred to as Linden Lab), which came to international attention via mainstream news media in late 2006 and early 2007.^[4]^[5] A downloadable client program called the Second Life Viewer enables its users, called "Residents", to interact with each other through motional avatars, providing an advanced level of a social network service combined with general aspects of a metaverse. Residents can explore, meet other Residents, socialize, participate in individual and group activities, and create and trade items (virtual property) and services with one another. A 104-key PC US English QWERTY keyboard layout The Dvorak Simplified Keyboard layout A standard Hebrew keyboard showing both Hebrew and QWERTY. A computer keyboard is a peripheral partially modelled after the typewriter keyboard. ... A contemporary computer mouse, with the most common standard features: two buttons and a scroll wheel. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... SpaceNavigator 3Dconnexion, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Logitech International S.A., manufacturers a line of human interface devices for manipulating and navigating computer generated 3D imagery. ... An abbreviation (from Latin brevis short) is a shortened form of a word or phrase. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... It has been suggested that Second Life issues and criticisms#Customer Security be merged into this article or section. ... In computing, a client is a system that accesses a (remote) service on another computer by some kind of network. ... In computing, in the context of Second Life, the term Resident is applied to people who have a stake in the world:[1] The term is not generally applied under the following conditions: People who have only created an account, but never logged in People who have had accounts created... A social network service focuses on the building and verifying of online social networks for communities of people who share interests and activities, or who are interested in exploring the interests and activities of others, and which necessitates the use of software. ... The term metaverse comes from Neal Stephensonâ€™s 1992 novel Snow Crash, and is now widely used to describe the vision behind current work on fully immersive 3D virtual spaces. ... A virtual economy (or sometimes synthetic economy) is an emergent economy existing in a virtual persistent world, usually in the context of an Internet game. ...

Second Life is one of several virtual worlds that have been inspired by the cyberpunk literary movement, and particularly by Neal Stephenson's novel Snow Crash. The stated goal of Linden Lab is to create a world like the Metaverse described by Stephenson, a user-defined world in which people can interact, play, do business, and otherwise communicate.^[6] Second Life's virtual currency is the Linden Dollar (Linden, or L$) and is exchangeable for real world currencies in a resident to resident marketplace facilitated by Linden Lab.^[7] There is no fee for registering an account or participating in Second Life, however registration of "payment information" (i.e. a credit card) is mandatory in order to participate in some functions, such as owning land or islands, as well as to access certain support features such as Second Life's support portal and online forums. Berlins Sony Center reflects the global reach of a Japanese corporation. ... Neal Town Stephenson (born October 31, 1959) is an American writer, known primarily for his science fiction works in the postcyberpunk genre with a penchant for explorations of society, mathematics, currency, and the history of science. ... Snow Crash is Neal Stephensons third science fiction novel, published in 1992. ... The term metaverse comes from Neal Stephensonâ€™s 1992 novel Snow Crash, and is now widely used to describe the vision behind current work on fully immersive 3D virtual spaces. ... Second Life has its own economy and a currency referred to as Linden Dollars (L$). This economy is independent of the Pricing, where users pay Linden Lab. ...

While Second Life is sometimes referred to as a game, this description does not fit the standard definition. It does not have points, scores, winners or losers, levels, an end-strategy, or most of the other characteristics of games. However, there are a variety of games which have been created within the Second Life environment. For other uses, see Game (disambiguation). ... A tennis scoreboard. ... In computer and video games, a level (sometimes called a stage, course, episode, round, world, map, wave, board, phase, or landscape) is a separate area in a games virtual world, in modern games typically representing a specific location such as a building or a city. ... For other uses, see Game Over (disambiguation). ... Gameplay includes all player experiences during the interaction with game systems, especially formal games. ...

At the end of March 2008, approximately 13 million accounts were registered, although a large percentage of these are inactive, some Residents have multiple accounts, and there are no reliable figures for actual long term consistent usage. In January 2008, residents spent 28,274,505 hours there, so on average about 38,000 residents were logged on at any particular moment.^[8]. Despite its prominence, Second Life has notable competitors, including IMVU, There, Active Worlds, Kaneva, and the erotic-oriented Red Light Center. IMVU is a graphical instant messaging client with more than 1 million users. ... There is a 3-D online virtual world created by Will Harvey and Jeffrey Ventrella. ... Active Worlds (AW) is a 3D virtual reality platform. ... Kaneva is a social entertainment network website that allows its members to create interactive Profiles and web Channels featuring a wide range of media powered by underlying social networking functionality. ... Red Light Center (RLC) is a privately owned Massively Multi-User Reality (sm) site that was made available to the public early in 2006 by Utherverse, Inc. ...

Features

Residents and avatars

In computing, in the context of Second Life, the term Resident is applied to "people who have a stake in the world":^[9] In computing, in the context of Second Life, the term Resident is applied to people who have a stake in the world:[1] The term is not generally applied under the following conditions: People who have only created an account, but never logged in People who have had accounts created...

A slight exception to the application of the term would be when referring to a person who holds multiple accounts. In this case, their primary account is referred to normally with the others interchangeably referred to as Resident or Alt. No exceptions are made for those with Basic or Premium accounts, however Residents who have held active accounts since the beta or periods and have purchased Lifetime subscriptions for US$225 are referred to as Premium Members.

Appearance and identity

Residents are the users of Second Life, and their appearance is their avatar (often abbreviated to av, avi or ava). The basic avatar is human in appearance, but may be of either gender, have a wide range of physical attributes, and may be clothed or otherwise customized to produce a wide variety of humanoid and other forms.

Avatars may be creative or can be made to resemble the person whom they represent.^[10] A single person may have multiple accounts, and thus appear to be multiple Residents (a person's multiple accounts are referred to as alts). However, the use of additional accounts requires the Resident to register them and pay a small fee, although after May 2006, there is no verification process preventing users from creating multiple "first" accounts using false information.^[11] Avatars can be designed to match or copy the appearances of real-world users, thus avatars can very much resemble the person who creates it. Avatars can also be modified to make a person taller, more attractive, or more muscular. Second Life provides residents the creative capacity to design his/her virtual-world person. A single Resident's appearance in Second Life can vary dramatically at will, as avatars are easily modified. Alternate character, often referred to in slang as alt or alt char, is a term primarily used in MUDs and MMORPGs. ...

While in-world appearance may bear no resemblance to the player's real-world looks, a player's identity is generally less anonymous in Second Life than in other virtual worlds. Any avatar and any object in the world can establish whether or not real payment info is on file for his or her avatar,^[12] although they cannot access any personal details from this payment information (This was implemented to provide age verification and also to enable users to distinguish between established paid-for accounts and free alts which can be thrown away at any moment). Some in-world services also require the resident to disclose his or her real name or other personal data to different source, although this is voluntary and hence the resident can choose not to use the services which require such disclosures.

A resident's creations are likewise far less anonymous in this virtual world. The Linden servers register your avatar as the content creator of the design. Thus, anything one creates hold explicit virtual copyright notices.^[13] Linden also provides the flexibility to enable the creator of in-world creations to allow any recipient of them to modify, copy, or transfer the creation. A creator can allow any or none of those privileges to be extended to their fellow users. Not to be confused with copywriting. ...

Chat

Within Second Life, there are two main methods of text-based communication: local chat, and global "instant messaging" (known as IM). Chatting is used for public localized conversations between two or more avatars, and can be heard (seen messages) within 20 m. Objects can also use the chat channels. Chatting usually takes place on the "open chat channel" (channel 0) although there are billions of other channels available. A scripted listening device is needed to hear traffic on the other channels. Avatars and objects can also 'shout' and 'whisper' (audible within 100 m and 10 m respectively). IM is used for private conversations, either between two avatars, or among the members of a group, or even between objects and avatars. Unlike chatting, IM communication does not depend on the participants being within a certain distance of each other. As of version 1.18.1.2, voice chat, both local and IM, is also available on the main grid^[14] and teen grid using technology licensed by Vivox,^[15] a provider of similar services to other MMO worlds. Only avatars can use voice chat. Vivox, Inc. ...

Avatars and objects can send and receive email as well, although this functionality is rather limited and not widely used. [21] Instant Messages roll over to an avatar's "real life" email when he or she is logged off (if the avatar has opted into this service and has provided a valid email address.) E-mail, or email, is short for electronic mail and is a method of composing, sending, and receiving messages over electronic communication systems. ...

There are some external websites that allow Residents to locate each other from outside of the virtual world, and SLurl.com allows external links through the Second Life World Map to locations in-world.

Common Terms and Abbreviations

It has been suggested that Second Life issues and criticisms#Customer Security be merged into this article or section. ... TRON may refer to: TRON (film), a 1982 Disney science fiction film starring Jeff Bridges, Bruce Boxleitner, and Cindy Morgan TRON (arcade game), an arcade game based on the TRON film Tron (character), the titular character of the above two Tron 2. ... Teen Second Life is a version of Second Life reserved for teenagers, running on the so-called Teen Grid. ...

Motion

The most basic method of moving around is by foot (also running and jumping). To travel more rapidly, avatars can also fly up to about 170 m above the terrain (meaning 270 m if ground level is 100 m, 180 m if ground level is set to 10 m) without requiring any special equipment, and with scripted attachments there is currently no limit to how high an avatar can fly (although once past 300,000 meters or so, the rendering of the avatar mesh starts to be affected, and above around 1 million meters the avatar simply isn't rendered).^[17]^[18] Unassisted flight speed seems to be about 26 mph or 34 kph. Miles per hour is a unit of speed, expressing the number of international miles covered per hour. ... KPH may refer to: Kilometres per hour - a physical unit of speed and velocity, or Campaign Against Homophobia (Polish: Kampania Przeciw Homofobii) - Polish non-governmental LGBT organisation Keystrokes per hour - a term used in reference to data entry Category: ...

Avatars can also ride in vehicles; many vehicles are available—there is a basic go-kart contained in the object library and there are many Resident-made vehicles available freely and for purchase including helicopters, submarines and hot-air balloons. Airborne vehicles can fly up to 4096 m high (the maximum altitude allowed for any object). A kart racer takes a turn on an indoor track Kart racing (as the word is so spelled by enthusiasts) or karting is a variant of open-wheeler motor sport with simple, small four-wheeled vehicles called karts, go-karts, or gearbox/shifter karts depending on the design. ...

There is now a large and growing market for vehicles in Second Life; particularly for cars. Most are developed as transport or for status, but there is also a small group of residents who build their cars to race. This has led to the creation of tracks like the Mooz Speedway and MyControl Speedway.

For instantaneous travel, avatars can teleport (commonly abbreviated to "TP") directly to a specific location. An avatar can create a personal landmark (often called an LM) at their current location, and then teleport back to that location at any time, or give a copy of the landmark to another avatar. There's also a map window that allows direct teleportation anywhere.

Input Methods

Basic Input Methods

Second Life's input methods for motion and manipulation use the same basic principles of most computer games and 3D creation software. Movement input method is split into two groups. In Third Person Perspective view movement is controlled by the arrow keys, up arrow moves the avatar forward, down arrow backwards, Left and right arrows turn the AV in the corresponding directions. Manipulation is controlled by the mouse. In the mouselook view, movement will be controlled by the W, A, S and D characters on the keyboard, the only exception to the first input method being that the A and D characters are used for strafing either left or right since turning is controlled by the mouse. This input method is favored by people who favor combat simulation allowing for a more 'First Person Shooter' experience within Second Life. Both input methods use the Page Up (Pgup) key to fly or jump and Page Down (PgDn) to crouch or land (also accessible through a stop flying button on the User Interface. Look up 3D in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Free look (also known as mouselook) is a term that describes the ability to move the mouse to rotate the player characters view in first-person shooter games or flight simulators. ... The user interface is the part of a system exposed to users. ...

Advanced Input Methods

Second Life's latest clients allow for joystick support, allowing control of an avatar using your joystick. Recently, the Logitech franchise 3Dconnexion launched their latest innovation the Space Navigator. This input method allows control of Avatars in new ways across all Three Dimensions as well as controls to manipulate items using the Build Engine, allowing for a more fluid manipulation of objects and movement. This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... SpaceNavigator 3Dconnexion, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Logitech International S.A., manufacturers a line of human interface devices for manipulating and navigating computer generated 3D imagery. ...

Economy and real estate

Second Life has its own economy and a currency referred to as Linden Dollars (L$). Residents regularly create new goods and services, and buy and sell them in the Second Life virtual world. There are also currency exchanges where Residents can exchange real world currencies for L$. Though the exchange rate fluctuates, as of February 2007 it is reasonably stable at around L$ 266 to one US dollar.^[19] These exchanges are open markets, except that Linden Lab sometimes changes in world Linden Dollar "sinks" or sells Linden dollars to attempt to keep the exchange rate relatively stable. A small percentage of Residents derive net incomes from this economy, ranging from a few hundred to several thousand US$ per month, while a larger percentage derive a gross income large enough to offset most of their expenditures in L$. The currency has become the subject of concern in economic circles in regard to possible taxation.^[20] Second Life has its own economy and a currency referred to as Linden Dollars (L$). This economy is independent of the Pricing, where users pay Linden Lab. ... Second Life, an online world owned by Linden Lab has been operating since 2003. ... USD redirects here. ... A tax is an involuntary fee paid by individuals or businesses to a state, or to functional equivalents of a state, including tribes, secessionist movements or revolutionary movements. ...

Premium members can own land (up to 512 m² without additional fees). Owning larger areas of land incurs an additional fee (which Linden Lab calls "Land Use Fee", but most users refer to as "Tier", because it is charged in tiers) ranging from US$5 a month up to US$195 a month for "an entire region", but in reality it is actually charged for owning up to 65536 m² regardless of how many regions this land is based in. This pricing refers to "mainland", i.e., land that is on an Estate owned by Linden Lab. There are also Private Estates, see below. Some residents own more than 65536 m² of mainland, for which they pay $97.50 per month for each additional 32768 m² increment.^[21] Linden Lab used to sell land at a reduced rate to new Residents in small 512 m² lots (e.g., 16 by 32 meters) through its First Land program, but this program ended on 20 February 2007 as the land was often being quickly resold at a profit rather than kept by the Resident.^[22] It also sells 16 acre (65536 m²) regions. Once a Resident buys land he or she may resell it freely and use it for any purpose within the Second Life Terms of Service, provided that it is not used for a Mature purpose in a PG (Parental Guidance) sim. is the 51st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...

There is a separate type of land known as Private Estate, consisting of one or more Private Islands or Regions, which has a completely separate set of regulations and pricing. The initial purchase of each private region can only be made by one Resident and not jointly by a group of Residents, and that Resident is termed the Estate Owner. The Owner may in turn appoint Estate or Region Managers, which may even be a Resident without a Premium Account. Individual regions may be joined together into a single Estate to ease the process of land management. Land purchased in Private Estates actually remains in the ownership of the Estate Owner as far as Linden Lab is concerned and so they will not involve themselves in disputes between Estate Owners and other Residents. This means, for example, that an Estate Owner can take back land that has been paid for and Linden Lab will not arbitrate in the dispute. As Linden lab only acknowledges the Estate Owner as a land owner, no other Resident pays Linden Lab for the use of land on a Private Estate, although the Owner will usually charge a Land Use Fee. As a consequence, land may be owned by a Resident without a Premium Account and without impacting on the tier level of their Linden Lab Land Use Fee. Each Private Region costs US$1000 to purchase, followed by US$295 maintenance fee for each subsequent month.^[23]

Users can also bid on pieces of land, known as 'parcels'. These auctions take place in many different locations and at varying times. All a user has to do is scroll through the various parcels which are listed for sale, choose the appropriate one and commence bidding. As with a conventional auction, the highest bid wins. If a user is successful, their credit card will have the necessary funds deducted subsequent to the sale of the parcel, and will also be automatically charged an appropriately increased Land Use Fee.^[24]

Creation and copyright

One of the distinguishing characteristics of Second Life is that the Residents, not Linden Lab, create most of the content of the world. The Resident avatars are one example of such user-generated content. User-generated content (UGC), also known as Consumer Generated Media or User-created Content (UCC) [1], refers to various kinds of media content that are produced by end-users, (as opposed to traditional media producers such as professional writers, publishers, journalists, licensed broadcasters and production companies). ...

There is a 3D modeling tool in Second Life that allows any Resident with the right skills to build virtual objects: buildings, landscape, vehicles, furniture, and machines to use, trade, or sell. This is a primary source of activity in the economy. Any Resident can also make gestures from small animations and sounds from the standard library. Outside Second Life, Residents can use various graphics, animation, and sound tools to create more elaborate objects, and upload them into the world. This article is about computer modeling within an artistic medium. ...

Second Life also includes a scripting language called Linden Scripting Language, or LSL. LSL is used to add autonomous behavior to many of the objects in Second Life, such as doors that open when approached. Residents are able to script their creation themselves. LSL has been used to create relatively advanced systems, such as the artificial life experiment on the island of Svarga, where a complete ecology runs autonomously (including clouds, rain, sunshine, bees, birds, trees and flowers).^[25] A scripting language, script language or extension language, is a programming language that controls software application. ... Linden Scripting Language, or LSL, is the programming language used by residents of Second Life, a virtual world by Linden Lab. ... This article is about a field of research. ...

When objects are created (or instantiated) in-world and then transferred to the Resident's computer, they are said to rez^[26]—a reference to the Disney movie Tron. The slang "rez" also appears in the LSL language, where the command to create an object is llRezObject().^[27] Tron is a 1982 science fiction film starring Jeff Bridges as Kevin Flynn (and his counterpart inside the electronic world, Clu), Bruce Boxleitner as Alan Bradley (and Tron), Cindy Morgan as Lora Baines (and Yori) and Dan Shor as Ram. ...

Once the creation is in the world of Second Life, the system makes efforts to help protect the exclusive rights of the content creator. A Resident who creates an object and the Resident that owns an object may retain certain rights, rather like copyright in the real world. The creator can mark an object as "no copy," which means that no copies of it may be made by others, "no mod," which means that others may not modify the object's characteristics, and "no trans," which means that the current owner may not give the object to another.^[28] The SL client chooses the copy restrictions "no copy, no mod, yes trans" for every newly created object and then allows the creator to override that choice.^[29] Not to be confused with copywriting. ...

These rights and restrictions exist in world only by courtesy and law. The servers keep an explicit copyright notice together with every object, identifying the content creator who designed the object. The SL client then refuses to copy, modify, give away, or resell the object unless the creator has included those digital rights in the copyright notice. Linden Lab has said that the Second Life terms of service and the controversial US DMCA law may discourage unfair use of client programs such as CopyBot.^[30] Terms of Service (often abbreviated as ToS) are rules by which one must agree to abide by in order to use a service. ... The Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) is a controversial United States copyright law which criminalizes production and dissemination of technology that can circumvent measures taken to protect copyright, not merely infringement of copyright itself, and heightens the penalties for copyright infringement on the Internet. ... For fair use in trademark law, see Fair use (US trademark law). ... CopyBot is a controversial debugging tool used to access the virtual world Second Life. ...

Arts and creativity

The virtual creations from the metaverse are disclosed in real life by initiatives such as Fabjectory (statuettes)^[31] and Secondlife-Art.com (oil paintings).^[32] The modeling tools from Second Life allow the artists also to create new forms of art, that in many ways are not possible in real life due to physical constraints or high associated costs. The virtual arts are visible in over 2050 "museums" (according to SL's own search engine). ^[33] The term metaverse comes from Neal Stephensonâ€™s 1992 novel Snow Crash, and is now widely used to describe the vision behind current work on fully immersive 3D virtual spaces. ...

Live music performances take place in Second Life, in the sense that vocal and instrumental music by Second Life Residents can be provided from their homes and studios. This is input, via microphones, instruments or other audio sources, into computer audio interfaces and streamed live to audio servers. Similar to webcast radio, the audio stream from the live performance can be received in Second Life for the enjoyment of other Residents. This started with performances by Astrin Few in May 2004 and began to gain popularity mid 2005. For example the UK band Passenger performed on the Menorca Island in mid-2006. Another UK band, Redzone, toured in Second Life in February 2007. Linden Lab added an Event Category "Live Music" in March 2006 to accommodate the increasing number of scheduled events. An editor has expressed a concern that the subject of the article does not satisfy the notability guideline or one of the following guidelines for inclusion on Wikipedia: Biographies, Books, Companies, Fiction, Music, Neologisms, Numbers, Web content, or several proposals for new guidelines. ...

By the beginning of 2008, scheduled live music performance events in Second Life spanned every musical genre, and included hundreds of live musicians and DJs who perform on a regular basis. A typical day in Second Life will feature dozens of live music performances.

Live theater is is also being presented in Second Life. The SL Shakespeare Company ^[34] will be performing Hamlet live at the end of 2008. The first scene of Hamlet was produced as a kind of trailer in February, 2008.

In 2008 the UK act Redzone announced they would release their new live album only via Second Life^[35]. An editor has expressed a concern that the subject of the article does not satisfy the notability guideline or one of the following guidelines for inclusion on Wikipedia: Biographies, Books, Companies, Fiction, Music, Neologisms, Numbers, Web content, or several proposals for new guidelines. ...

Businesses and organizations in Second Life

A combination of Linden Lab granting Second Life Residents the copyright over their content,^[36] and legal trading of the in-world currency "Linden Dollars" (L$)^[37] has encouraged the creation of solely in-world businesses, the creation of legally registered companies that were previously solely in-world, and the in-world participation of previously unrelated companies and organizations. // In the virtual world of Second Life, there are a number of in-world business and user-groups founded specifically for the game, some of which have become legal entities in their own right, as well as preexisting companies and organizations that have involved themselves in the world. ... It has been suggested that Second Life issues and criticisms#Customer Security be merged into this article or section. ... In computing, in the context of Second Life, the term Resident is applied to people who have a stake in the world:[1] The term is not generally applied under the following conditions: People who have only created an account, but never logged in People who have had accounts created... Second Life has its own economy and a currency referred to as Linden Dollars (L$). This economy is independent of the Pricing, where users pay Linden Lab. ...

Hosting

Many companies have been formed to assist and advise real-life businesses on presenting themselves in Second Life. These fill a need, as there have been widely varying levels of success by enterprises seeking to create a presence on this relatively new and in many ways complex platform.

Banks

All banks (except those that could prove they have Real World Licensing) were shut down on 22 January 2008.^[38] is the 22nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ...

International diplomacy

The Maldives was the first country to open an embassy in Second Life.^[39]^[40] The Maldives’ embassy is located on Second Life’s “Diplomacy Island”, where visitors will be able to talk face-to-face with a computer-generated ambassador about visas, trade and other issues. "Diplomacy Island" also hosts Diplomatic Museum and Diplomatic Academy. The Island is established by DiploFoundation as part of the Virtual Diplomacy Project.^[41]

In May 2007, SecondLife Insider confirmed that Sweden had become the second country to open an embassy in Second Life. Run by the Swedish Institute, the embassy serves to promote Sweden's image and culture, rather than providing any real or virtual services.^[42] The Swedish Minister for Foreign Affairs, Carl Bildt, stated on his blog that he hoped he would get an invitation to the grand opening.^[43] Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... The Swedish Institute (Svenska Institutet, SI) is a Swedish government agency with the responsibility to spread information about Sweden abroad, to promote Swedish interests, and to organise exchanges with other countries in different areas of public life, in particular in the spheres of culture, education, and research. ... (born July 15, 1949) is a Swedish politician and diplomat, currently serving as Minister for Foreign Affairs in the cabinet of Fredrik Reinfeldt. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

On Tuesday December 4, 2007, Estonia became the third country to open an embassy in Second Life. [22][23] Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...

SL Israel, was inaugurated in January 2008 in an effort to showcase Israel to a global audience, though without any connection to official Israeli diplomatic channels.^[44]

Malta, Macedonia and the Philippines are also planning to open virtual missions in Second Life.^[45]

Religion

Religious organizations have also begun to open virtual meeting places within Second Life. In early 2007, LifeChurch.tv, a Christian church headquartered in Edmond, Oklahoma, and with 11 real world campuses in the USA, created "Experience Island" and opened its 12th campus in Second Life.^[46] The church reported "We find that this creates a less-threatening environment where people are much more willing to explore and discuss spiritual things."^[47] LifeChurch. ...

Egyptian-owned Islam Online has purchased land in Second Life to allow Muslims and Non-Muslims alike to perform the ritual of Hajj in virtual reality form, obtaining experience before actually making the pilgrimage themselves in person.^[48] Islamonline. ... A Muslim is a believer in or follower of Islam. ... A supplicating pilgrim at Masjid Al Haram, the mosque which was built around the Kaaba (the cubical building at center). ...

Education

Second Life has recently begun offering virtual classrooms for major colleges and universities, including the University of Florida, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University[24], University of Louisville, Princeton, Rice University, Babson College, University of Derby (UK), Vassar College, the Open University (UK),^[49] Harvard, INSEAD, Pepperdine, Saint Joseph's University, Praxis Business School [25], , Drexel, Ball State, University College Dublin, Edinburgh University,^[50] Elon, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Bowling Green State University, Ohio University, New York City College of Technology (CUNY), New York University, Ithaca College, University of Houston, University of Colorado at Boulder, Central Michigan University, Michigan Technological University, Case Western Reserve University, Australian Film Television and Radio School, Stanford, Delft University of Technology,^[51] AFEKA Tel-Aviv Academic College of Engineering, and Purchase College (SUNY).^[52] Second Life fosters a welcoming atmosphere for administrators to host lectures and projects online, selling more than 100 islands for educational purposes, according to a New York Times article.^[53] The article quoted Rebecca Nesson, an instructor at Harvard who brought her Legal Studies class to Second Life in the second half of 2006. "Normally, no matter how good a distance-learning class is, an inherent distance does still exist between you and your students," she says. "Second Life has really bridged that gap. There is just more unofficial time that we spend together outside of the typical class session." Joe Sanchez, a researcher at the University of Texas at Austin evaluated the use of Second Life in education in an interactive qualitative analysis, finding that once students overcome the technical and interface difficulties with Second Life, they "indicate a preference to social learning activities and find it enjoyable to interact with other avatars while learning in this space".^[54] INSEAD is a graduate business school and research institution with campuses in Fontainebleau (near Paris), France and in Singapore. ... The Australian Film Television and Radio School (AFTRS) is the Australian national centre for professional education and advanced training in film, television, radio and digital media. ... Harvard redirects here. ...

Among the more active educators in Second Life are librarians. The Illinois' Alliance Library System and OPAL have teamed up to extend the programs currently offered online to librarians and library users within Second Life. There are numerous libraries within what is referred to as the Info Islands. A virtual reference desk in SL is staffed by real life volunteer librarians for many hours every week. They also teach workshops there to help librarians and educators learn more about Second Life.

Late in 2006, a trend emerged whereby large consortia purchased several islands comprising an archipelago of education-focused land. The land is then subdivided into smaller parcels and rented to colleges, universities, and educational projects. Typically, land is rented for as little as $200 per year and comes with permission to use some common space for larger events. Two prime examples are the Info Islands, which includes EduIsland I and II, and the New Media Consortium's NMC Campus which includes many Teaching Islands and a wide range of educational tools, services, and meeting spaces, a museum and library, and a planetarium. The consortial model has allowed for many more institutions to offer participation to students and faculty within a learning-centered environment. As a result, there are now hundreds of educational institutions and organizations experimenting with Second Life, some hosting advertisements for real life teaching facilities / jobs.^[55] The New Media Consortium (NMC) is an international 501(c)3 not-for-profit consortium of more than 200 colleges, universities, museums, corporations, and other learning-focused organizations dedicated to the exploration and use of new media and new technologies. ...

In 2007, another virtual continent formed devoted exclusively to science and technology education called "SciLands." Initially, this continent centered around the International Spaceflight Museum. However, since its establishment SciLands has experienced rapid growth and now hosts a number of organizations including NASA, NOAA, NIH, JPL, NPR, NPL, and a host of other government agencies, universities, and museums. A full list of the organizations can be found here. For other uses, see NASA (disambiguation). ... The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is a scientific agency of the United States Department of Commerce focused on the conditions of the oceans and the atmosphere. ... NIH can refer to: National Institutes of Health Norwegian School of Sports Sciences: (Norges idrettshÃ¸gskole - NIH) Not Invented Here This is a disambiguation page â€” a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... The JPL complex in Pasadena, Ca. ... NPR logo For other meanings of NPR see NPR (disambiguation) National Public Radio (NPR) is a private, not-for-profit corporation that sells programming to member radio stations; together they are a loosely organized public radio network in the United States. ... NPL can stand for: the National Physical Laboratory in the UK; the Netscape Public License; the National Puzzlers League; the Nauru Pacific Line, located in Nauru; a Non Performing Loan (Financial Theory) the Northern Premier League (in English soccer); the Norwegian Premier League (in Norwegian soccer); any of the programming...

Also in 2007, the International Society for Technology in Education ISTE became the first non-profit educational organization to purchase and build on its own virtual island. Since that time, ISTE has hosted educational webinar events, presentations, social events, book talks and more. Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... A Webinar is a seminar which is conducted over the World Wide Web. ...

There are now many universities, colleges, schools and other educational institutions researching the use of Second Life as an environment for teaching and learning which offers a community of practice and situated constructivist learning. Among the institutions bringing the use of Second Life into the provision for distance learners is the Open Universityin the UK which already offers a range of teaching and learning provision on two islands in the metaverse (CETLment and SchomeBase) and is gradually developing a range of tools and resources which support learners and offer a sense of presence and engagement to distance learners who can otherwise feel isolated and alone.

In 2007 Second Life started to be used for foreign language tuition.^[56] Both Second Life and real life language educators have begun to use the virtual world for language tuition. English (as a foreign language) has gained a presence through several schools, including the British Council, which has focused on the Teen Grid. Spain’s language and cultural institute “Instituto Cervantes” has an island on Second Life. A list of educational projects (including some language schools) in Second Life can be found on the SimTeach site. SLanguages 2008 is the 2nd annual conference of language education using virtual worlds such as Second Life. SLanguages.net is the conferences's website.

Second Life's usefulness as a platform for prek-12 education is limited due to the age restrictions on the main grid and the difficulties of collaborating among various educational projects on the teen grid. New approaches to fostering collaboration on the teen grid, such as the Virtual World Campus, offer some hope of overcoming some of these obstacles. For now, however, the primary utility of Second Life for prek-12 education is in the education and professional development of teachers and school librarians.

Punishment

Aside from the usual banning and suspensions, Second Life administrators may also choose to temporarily exile an errant account to "The Cornfield", a self-contained sim consisting of seemingly endless rows of corn, a slow-moving tractor that can be ridden, and some TV sets playing a 1940s movie. The idea seems to be inspired by a concept used in a Twilight Zone episode, "It's a Good Life", in which the main character possessed a supernatural power allowing him to exile anyone he wishes to a cornfield. The existence of the Cornfield was rumored by users until screen captures from a user's visit there, plus a confirmation by Linden Lab, appeared on the Internet. [26] â€œItâ€™s a Good Lifeâ€ is an episode of the television series The Twilight Zone. ...

Pricing

Second Life was originally launched with a traditional subscription fee model of $14.95 per month for an account,^[57] but Linden Lab abandoned that model later in the year when fewer than 2,000 subscribers had signed up. Pricing has changed a few times since then. As of February 2007, there are two types of accounts: basic and premium. Basic accounts have no recurring fee, but do not include the right to own land on the Second Life mainland, though ownership of land on private resident-run islands is possible. Pricing on private islands varies depending on the owner of that island. Premium accounts pay $9.95 USD per month, which includes the monthly tier fee of a small amount (512 square meters) of land (worth $5 a month). The land itself must be purchased either from another player or from Linden Lab by land auction method.^[58]

Premium accounts receive a weekly stipend (paid in Linden dollars) of L$300 per week.^[59]^[60] Basic accounts registered before 29 May 2006 receive a stipend of L$50 for every week in which they log into Second Life, but no stipend is provided to basic accounts registered after that time.^[61] Originally, and prior to the creation of the Second Life Teen Grid, accounts were separated by land allowances. The prices varied by amount of land allowed, starting with 512 m², with each new allowance double the previous. Extra fees would be added for owning more land than your account supplied. The purchase of contintents included a basic cost, along with maintenance fees and other such including costs. A stipend is a form of payment or salary, such as for an internship or apprenticeship. ... is the 149th day of the year (150th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Teen Second Life is a version of Second Life reserved for teenagers, running on the so-called Teen Grid. ...

Additional playing expenses for Second Life depend on how much land is owned. The land may be purchased from other players or through the Linden Lab auction website. Linden Labs uses a tiered fee price structure for mainland ownership - when more land is owned, a higher-tier fee applies per month. The tier is determined from the total area of all owned land from any number of parcels anywhere on the mainland continents. Monthly fees of land provided by private island (a.k.a. private estates) is controlled by the owner of those islands (a.k.a. Simulators or "Sims"). Linden Labs is now selling only upgraded class 5 server sims (~65,500 m2), which cost $295 USD per month. Lower level technology class 4 sims (also ~65,500 m2) are priced at "grandfathered tier pricing" and cost $195 USD per month. Second Life offers a 50% discount to verified real world educators and academic institutions (e.g., universities/schools) or 501(c)3 non-profit organizations that will be using the regions to support their organization's official work.^[62]

Inventory purchases 'in-world' also cost money. Most members believe that in order to fit in with society, one must upgrade their avatar using in-world merchandise such as hair, clothes, shoes and jewelry. Although free merchandise can readily be found, the merchandise considered to be highest quality is usually purchased from brand name designers.

In 2007 Linden Lab has decided to apply VAT to European residents, as requested by the European Union for all services and products sold in EU. Tax rates around the world Tax revenue as % of GDP Economic policy Monetary policy Central bank Money supply Gold standard Fiscal policy Spending Deficit Debt Policy-mix Trade policy Tariff Trade agreement Finance Financial market Financial market participants Corporate Personal Public Regulation Banking Fractional-reserve Full-reserve Free banking Islamic...

Teen Second Life

Teen Second Life was developed in early 2005 to enable people aged 13–17 to play Second Life without entering false information to participate in the Main Grid. Both Grids at that time required the entry of credit card details, but the Main Grid made it mandatory that the credit card be the Resident's own, whereas the Teen Grid made it mandatory that it belonged to a parent. (Since then, the requirement for a credit card to register on the Main Grid has been removed. Also, for players in some but not all countries, a parent's credit card is no longer required to register on the Teen Grid, only a valid cell phone with SMS enabled.) Teen Second Life is a version of Second Life reserved for teenagers, running on the so-called Teen Grid. ... This article is about the payment system. ... Motorola T2288 mobile phone A mobile phone is a portable electronic device which behaves as a normal telephone whilst being able to move over a wide area (compare cordless phone which acts as a telephone only within a limited range). ... SMS may refer to: Short message service, a form of text messaging on cell phones Sega Master System â€“ an 8-bit video game console from the 1980s Seiner MajestÃ¤t Schiff, His Majestys Ship in the German Kaiserliche Marine and the Austro-Hungarian Navy SMS (comics), a British comic...

New (voluntary) identity/age validation measures are also being proposed to further secure the distinctions between "PG" and "mature" regions on the main grid, ensuring that only validated adults can enter areas marked as containing adult material.

Criticism

Because it is under constant development, and is an open environment that can be used by almost anyone with broadband internet access,^[63] Second Life has encountered a number of challenges. These range from the technical (budgeting of server resources) and moral (pornography) to legal (legal position of the Linden Dollar, Linden Lab lawsuit). Image File history File links Unbalanced_scales. ... Second Life, an online world owned by Linden Lab has been operating since 2003. ... Due to constant development, and as an open environment accessible by almost anyone with access to the internet,[1] a number of difficult issues have arisen around Second Life. ... Second Life has its own economy and a currency referred to as Linden Dollars (L$). This economy is independent of the Pricing, where users pay Linden Lab. ... It has been suggested that Second Life issues and criticisms#Customer Security be merged into this article or section. ...

Identity Verification

Prior to June 6, 2006, all Residents were required to verify their identities by providing Linden Lab with a valid credit card or PayPal account number, or by responding to a cell phone SMS text message.^[64] (Residents providing information were not charged if their account type cost nothing to create.) After that date, it became possible to create an account with only an e-mail address; even standard verification methods such as e-mail reply verification are not used.^[65] Access to Teen Second Life still requires credit card details. Linden Lab has the ability to ban Residents from Second Life based on a hardware hash of their local PC,^[66] preventing them from returning with other accounts. However, this was made meaningless by the Open Sourcing of the Second Life client code; a publicly available alternative Second Life client, known as Shooped Life, now exists which sends a random hardware ID, making this banning method ineffective also. is the 157th day of the year (158th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... eBays North First Street satellite office campus (home to PayPals corporate headquarters) PayPal is an e-commerce business allowing payments and money transfers to be made through the Internet. ... For other uses, see SMS (disambiguation). ...

The policy change to email-address-based membership brought about harsh criticism, including allegations of degraded system performance, and increased incidence of griefing. Individual users are unable to make use of the hardware hash banning system, meaning that a person banned from a private land parcel can create a new account and immediately return. In addition, several users argued that the ability for single real individual to create an unlimited number of accounts for free had the effect of highly exaggerating the "residence" figures, pointing out that the actual activity of the board was roughly nine percent of the claimed residency figures, with paying membership below two percent. Blogs and forum posts regularly allege exaggerated membership and performance claims.^[67] A griefer is a slang term used to describe a player in an online video game who plays the game simply to cause grief to other players through harassment. ...

Age Verification

In addition to the identity verification provisions, Second Life has also considered the implementation of an age verification system ^[68]. Although the Terms of Service for Second Life ban any users under 18 from accessing the world at all ^[69], they also state that Linden Labs make no legal guarantee that all users of the world are over 18. Stronger age verification was requested by some operators of adult businesses ^[70] to prevent them facing lawsuits as a result of underage users accessing their material, since such a lawsuit would remove their anonymity and potentially damage their reputation in the real world, even if they eventually won the lawsuit. However concern was raised at Linden Labs' choice to demand sensitive information to perform the verification, such as an SSN, passport number, or driving license ID, with the argument that supplying such information to any party increased a user's risk of being the victim of identity theft ^[71]. In addition, the age verification process was outsourced to Integrity Services ^[72], creating concern about potential leaks in the communication between the two companies. In addition, Integrity Services is operated by a parent company, Aristotle, which is known to compile lists of US voters for sale to political lobbyists ^[73].

Negative feedback

In January 2007, two articles were published on the Internet which compared the economy of Second Life to a pyramid scheme.^[74]^[75] In the same month, a "virtual riot" erupted between members of the French party Front National who had established a virtual HQ on Second Life, and opponents, including Second Life Left Unity, a socialist and anti-capitalist user-group.^[76]^[77]^[78]^[79] Since then, several small Internet-based organizations have claimed some responsibility for instigating the riots.^[80] The unsustainable geometric progression of a classic pyramid scheme A pyramid scheme is a non-sustainable business model that involves the exchange of money primarily for enrolling other people into the scheme, usually without any product or service being delivered. ... This article is about the French political party, not the WWII French resistance movement Front national. ... // In the virtual world of Second Life, there are a number of in-world business and user-groups founded specifically for the game, some of which have become legal entities in their own right, as well as preexisting companies and organizations that have involved themselves in the world. ...

There are also issues with Second Life support being under-resourced, with support tickets and billing issues going unresolved. Residents have complained of having money stolen from their accounts, having credit withdrawals fail and other related billing issues.

During 2006 several established members of Second Life ceased support of the system. Live musician Astrin Few publicly posted a stern warning of intent to leave the system if host company Linden Lab did not pay more attention to customer needs. Criticisms against host company Linden Lab involve continuing system technical issues such as lag, repetitious bugs, customer inventory loss and excessive downtimes. Also cited were issues regarding "self-serving" company policies, failure to police the system (including lack of protection of members from alleged unethical/criminal activities), and criticism of host company Linden Lab for gross misrepresentation of membership figures. The late 2006 exit of the Elven Lord Wayfinder Wishbringer and the subsequent decision of the Elf Clan Counsel to shut down lands and cease financial support of the Second Life platform was a negative milestone that created significant ripples (see [27]). Cited by the group was theft of thousands of dollars worth of group-funded lands by a renegade officer, a deed that went totally unmoderated by Linden Lab. Elf Clan is not the only group to complain about theft of group-funded lands. Linden Lab has held that land and other disputes should be resolved via normal legal venues (ie, breach of contract lawsuits or arbitration), yet logistics (Second Life is a multi-national platform) and the high cost of such actions makes such options unfeasible. To this date, Linden Lab has offered no solution to land thefts, and has not made provision for groups to own land. While Elf Clan returned to Second Life several months later, the founders state this was in support of group members and not in support of the Second Life platform.

The same time period brought strong criticism against Linden Lab for their allegedly catering to big business and ignoring the people and groups who had helped them build the system. Such criticism increased dramatically when Linden Lab, in anticipation of corporate investments, increased first year costs of private virtual islands by some 32% and monthly land rentals by 50%, making it difficult for hobbyist users to afford such fees (total first year cost for a "16 acre" piece of virtual ground is US$1,650 setup fee and US$295 a month server fees... a total first year cost of $4,895).

System instability

Due to Second Life's rapid growth rate, it has suffered from difficulties related to system instability. These include system lag, and intermittent client crashes. However, more disturbing faults are caused by the system's use of an "asset server" (actually a cluster), on which the actual data governing objects is stored separately from the areas of the world and the avatars that use those objects. The communication between the main servers and the asset cluster appears to constitute a bottleneck which frequently causes problems ^[81] ^[82] ^[83]. Typically, when asset server downtime is announced, users are advised not to build, manipulate objects, or engage in business, leaving them with little to do but chat and generally reducing confidence in all businesses on the grid. In engineering, bottleneck is a phenomenon where the performance or capacity of an entire system is severely limited by a single component. ...

A more disturbing fault, believed to be caused by the same issue, is "inventory loss" ^[84] ^[85] ^[86] in which items in a user's inventory, including those which have been paid for, can disappear without warning or permanently enter a state where they will fail to appear in world when requested (giving an "object missing from database" error). Linden Labs offers no compensation for items that are lost in this way, and will not even record the data for debugging purposes if the user is not a Premium subscriber ^[87]; although many in-world businesses will attempt to compensate for this or restore items, they are under no obligation to do so and not all are able to do so. This fault alone has caused some users to abandon the world.^{[citation needed]}

In April 2008, Linden Lab aimed to increase system stability by introducing a new physics engine to the server. Havok 4 was set to solve a number of problems within Second Life that impacted on the servers. Havok 4 was introduced with version 1.20 of their server software, however its initial impact was lessened by a number of overseen bugs that required Linden Lab to issue a patch to their servers bringing the server software version to 1.21. The release of Havok 4 and the new Server versions were aligned closely with the release of their latest client in the belief that between both client and server, the stability of a grid originally intended for a number of users much smaller than 13 million would improve. Havok may refer to the following: A misspelling of the word Havoc Comic Books: Havok (X-Men), a fictional Marvel Comics superhero Lord Havok, a fictional DC comics supervillain Computing: Havok (company), an Irish sofware company Havok Physics, a software physics engine Logan Sheppard, a fictional character in the computer...

Child pornography

There have been a handful of cases in which users in Second Life were found to have been creating or exchanging child pornography, which has led it to be a common target for tabloid media outlets.^[88] This includes both real-life photographs and virtual recreations of pornographic scenes involving children, which are illegal in many countries.

Although this problem could occur on any internet site which allowed material to be freely uploaded, it is notable on Second Life because of its substantial size, centralized hosting model, opportunities for private transactions, and strong support for content crossover. Second Life is quite deliberately designed to ensure that content, especially avatar-related content, can be mixed and matched: almost any content can be combined with any other, and restrictions cannot be easily imposed on this, not even by the content creators. Thus there is no way to prevent a pedophile purchasing a child avatar and having it run a sexual animation, other than removing child avatars and/or sexual animations from the world entirely and denying them to players who wish to play sexual activity with adult avatars, or who wish to innocently role-play children or child-like characters (such as fairies or anime characters). The problem is compounded by the full customizability of Second Life avatars; it is easy to create an avatar which has the height and stature of an adult but appears child-like with regard to body development, or vice versa, and a person's belief regarding the age their avatar appears to be may not match the belief of other people. by Sophie Anderson For other uses, see Fairy (disambiguation). ... AnimÃ© redirects here. ...

Linden Lab has taken action by disallowing sexual ageplay activities between avatars, amongst other rule changes to police the issue.^[89] This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...

Gambling ban

On July 26, 2007, Linden Lab announced a ban on in-world gambling. The new policy bans wagering on games of chance or games that rely on the outcome of real-life organized sporting events if they provide a payout in Linden Dollars, Second Life's currency, or any real-world currency or thing of value. Earlier in the year, Linden Lab invited law enforcement officials to visit casinos in Second Life in the hope of receiving some guidance from authorities about the legality of virtual gambling. A company spokesperson couldn't immediately say whether those visits played a role in shaping the new gambling policy. The ban was immediately met with in-world protests.^[90] Recently, Linden Lab's lawyers have come to the conclusion that popular games within Second Life that are similar to Bingo are skill games, and are allowed within the world (ie: Zyngo, Devil May Care, Quince, etc.) These types of games are not, however, legal in all 50 states (US) or all countries, and they are urging players and owners to check their local laws for the legality of the games. This has not been publicly announced by Linden Lab, but has been confirmed through Robin Linden (Robin Harper, who is Senior Vice President of Marketing and Business Development.) is the 207th day of the year (208th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

In-world bank ban

On Tuesday, January 8th, 2008 at 10:43 AM PST, Ken D Linden announced the upcoming prohibition of unregulated banking activities in-world.

This came in response to a $75,000 ponzi scheme perpetrated on Second Life users.^[92] A Ponzi scheme is a fraudulent investment operation that involves paying abnormally high returns (profits) to investors out of the money paid in by subsequent investors, rather than from net revenues generated by any real business. ...

After the ban, a few companies continue to offer non-interest bearing deposit accounts to residents, e.g., the e-commerce site OnRez. Electronic commerce, EC, e-commerce or ecommerce consists primarily of the distributing, buying, selling, marketing, and servicing of products or services over electronic systems such as the Internet and other computer networks. ...

Virtual land lawsuit

In 2006, attorney Marc Bragg initiated a lawsuit against Linden Labs, claiming that they had illegally deprived him of access to his account ^[93] after he discovered a loophole in the online land auction system which allowed regions to be purchased at prices below reserve. Although most users and commentators believed that Bragg would have no chance of winning, a number of legal developments occurred as a result of the case, including a court ruling that parts of the Second Life Terms of Service were unenforceable, due to being a contract of adhesion ^[94]. The case eventually ended with Bragg's land and account being restored to him in a confidential out-of-court settlement ^[95]. As such, a settlement created no precedent and thus left users with confusion as to what legal rights they truly had with respect to their virtual land, items, and account. Many of Bragg's legal arguments rested on the claim - advertised on Linden Labs' web site - that virtual land within Second Life could be "owned" by the purchasing user, which was removed shortly after the settlement ^[96], leading to speculation that this was part of the reason for the settlement ^[97]. Reserve can mean several things; 1. ... ...

Parody

Second Life is parodied by the website Get a First Life by Darren Barefoot, extolling the virtues of meatspace/real life.^[98] Material from the site includes false links to such topics as "Go Outside - Membership is Free" and "Fornicate Using Your Actual Genitals." Linden Lab proved that they had a sense of humor when Darren received, instead of a cease and desist, a Proceed and Permit letter.^[99] Darren Barefoot is a marketing executive based in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. ... Meatspace is synonymous with the physical world and conceived as the opposite of cyberspace or virtual reality. ... For other meanings of this phrase (book and album titles etc. ... Cease-and-desist is a legal term meaning essentially stop: It is used in demands for a person or organization to stop doing something (to cease and desist from doing it). ...

Second Life is also parodied in the webcomic Kevin and Kell, in the form of an MMORPG called 9th Life. This article or section contains a plot summary that is overly long. ... An image from World of Warcraft, one of the largest commercial MMORPGs as of 2004, based on active subscriptions. ...

In the American version of The Office, Dwight's in-game personality/avatar creates a similar game within Second Life called "Second Second Life, for those people who want to be removed even further from reality." The episode featured the character of Jim Halpert making a resident to harass Dwight's resident. This all took place in the episode "Local Ad".^[100] This article is about the USA version of The Office. ... James Jim Halpert is a fictional character in the United States version of the television sitcom The Office, played by John Krasinski. ... Dwight Kurt Schrute II is a fictional character on NBCs The Office portrayed by Rainn Wilson. ... Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: The Office (US) Local Ad is an upcoming episode of The Office (U.S. version). ...

Technical information

The flat, Earth-like world of Second Life is simulated on a large array of Debian servers, referred to as the Grid.^[101] The world is divided into 256x256 m areas of land, called Regions. Each Region is simulated by a single named server instance, and is given a unique name and content rating (either PG or Mature). Multiple server instances can be run on a single physical server, but generally each instance is given a dedicated CPU core of its own. Modern servers with two dual-core processors usually support four separate server instances. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Debian, created by the Debian Project, is a widely used distribution of free software developed through the collaboration of volunteers from around the world. ...

The Second Life world runs on Linden Time, which is identical to the Pacific Time Zone. The virtual world follows the North American Daylight Saving Time convention. Hence it runs 7 hours behind UTC most of the year, and 8 hours behind when Standard Time is in effect during the winter. The servers' log files actually record events in UTC, however. PST is UTC-8, highlighted in red. ... Although DST is common in Europe and North America, most of the worlds people do not use it. ... ... âˆ’12 | âˆ’11 | âˆ’10 | âˆ’9:30 | âˆ’9 | âˆ’8 | âˆ’7 | âˆ’6 | âˆ’5 | âˆ’4 | âˆ’3:30 | âˆ’3 | âˆ’2:30 | âˆ’2 | âˆ’1 | âˆ’0:25 | UTC (0) | +0:20 | +0:30 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +3:30 | +4 | +4:30 | +4:51 | +5 | +5:30 | +5:40 | +5:45 | +6 | +6:30 | +7 | +7:20 | +7... ...

Physics simulation

Each server instance runs a physics simulation to manage the collisions and interactions of all objects in that region. Objects can be nonphysical and nonmoving, or actively physical and movable. Complex shapes may be linked together in groups of up to 31 separate primitives. Additionally, each player's avatar is treated as a physical object so that it may interact with physical objects in the world.^[102]

As of April 1 2008, Second Life simulators use the Havok 4 physics engine for all in-game dynamics. This new engine is capable of simulating thousands of physical objects at once. ^[103]. However, more than 500 constantly interacting collisions have noticeable impact on simulator performance.^[104] The previous Havok 1 installment of the physics engine caused what is known as the Deep Think condition; processing overlapping object collisions endlessly. It has been alleviated through the introduction of an overlap ejection capability. This allows overlapped objects to separate and propel apart as if compressing two springs against each other.^[105] This article is about the physics engine. ...

Asset storage

Every item in the Second Life universe is referred to as an asset. This includes the shapes of the 3D objects known as primitives, the digital images referred to as textures that decorate primitives, digitized audio clips, avatar shape and appearance, avatar skin textures, LSL scripts, information written on notecards, and so on. Each asset is referenced with a universally unique identifier or UUID.^[106] A Universally Unique Identifier is an identifier standard used in software construction, standardized by the Open Software Foundation (OSF) as part of the Distributed Computing Environment (DCE). ...

Assets are stored in their own dedicated MySQL server farm, comprising all data that has ever been created by anyone who has been in the SL world. As of December 2007, the total storage was estimated to consume 100 terabytes of server capacity.^[107] The asset servers function independently of the region simulators, though the region simulators request object data from the asset servers when a new object loads into the simulator.^{[citation needed]} MySQL (pronounced (IPA) , my S-Q-L[1]) is a multithreaded, multi-user SQL database management system (DBMS)[2] which has, according to MySQL AB, more than 10 million installations. ... A typical server farm. ... This article is about a measurement term for data storage capacity. ...

As the popularity of Second Life has increased, the strain on the database engine to quickly and efficiently store and retrieve data has also continued to increase, frequently outpacing the ability of the Linden staff to keep their asset farm equipped to handle the number of users logged into the world at the same time.^{[citation needed]} This article is about computing. ...

Under severe load conditions it is common for the database engine to simply not reply to requests in a timely fashion, causing objects to not rez or delete as expected, or for the client inventory to not load, or the currency balance to not appear in the client program. Searching for locations, people, or classifieds may also fail under heavy load conditions. The database load is typically the most severe on weekends, particularly Sunday afternoons (Second Life Time), while the system can function just fine when accessed during low-load times such as at night or in the middle of the week during the day.^{[citation needed]}

Software

The Second Life software comprises the viewer (also known as the client) executing on the Resident's computer, and several thousand servers operated by Linden Lab. There is an active beta-grid that has its own special client, which is updated very regularly, and is used for constant software testing by volunteers. This testing software was introduced to eliminate the short amounts of time between real updates, and increase its overall quality. The beta-grid reflects the standard main-grid, except that the actions taken within it are not stored by the servers; it is for testing purposes only. Every few months, the standard software is replaced by the beta-grid software, intended as a big upgrade. The Second Life user-base is growing rapidly, and this has stimulated both social and technological changes to the world; the addition of new features also provides periodic boosts to the growth of the economy.

Linden Lab pursues the use of open standards technologies, and uses free and open source software such as Apache, MySQL and Squid.^[108] The plan is to move everything to open standards by standardizing the Second Life protocol. Cory Ondrejka, former CTO^[109] of Second Life, has stated that a while after everything has been standardized, both the client and the server will be released as free and open source software.^[110] This article or section cites very few or no references or sources. ... Free software is software that can be used, studied, and modified without restriction, and which can be copied and redistributed in modified or unmodified form either without restriction, or with minimal restrictions only to ensure that further recipients can also do these things. ... ... The Apache HTTP Server, commonly referred to simply as Apache, is a web server notable for playing a key role in the initial growth of the World Wide Web. ... MySQL (pronounced (IPA) , my S-Q-L[1]) is a multithreaded, multi-user SQL database management system (DBMS)[2] which has, according to MySQL AB, more than 10 million installations. ... Squid is a proxy server and web cache daemon. ... â€œStandardâ€ redirects here. ...

Linden Lab provides viewers for Microsoft Windows 2000/XP, Mac OS X, and most distributions of Linux. As of mid-2007, Microsoft Windows Vista is not yet officially supported although the viewer will generally run on Vista systems.^[113] In the past, viewer upgrades were usually mandatory; the old viewer would not work with the new version of the server software. However, Linden Lab is working on a more flexible protocol that will allow clients and servers to send and take whatever data they may require, hence differing versions would nonetheless be able to work together. The project is known as Het-Grid or heterogeneous grid and the first iteration of the server software was deployed to the Main Grid over a few weeks in August 2007.^[114] Mono is a project led by Novell (formerly by Ximian) to create an Ecma standard compliant . ... OpenGL (Open Graphics Library) is a standard specification defining a cross-language cross-platform API for writing applications that produce 2D and 3D computer graphics. ... Epiphany using Gecko to render the Wikipedia main page Gecko is the open source, free software web browser layout engine used in all Mozilla-branded software and its derivatives, including later Netscape releases. ...

As of January 8, 2007, the Viewer is distributed under version 2 of the GNU General Public License,^[1]^[2] with an additional clause allowing combination with certain other free software packages which have otherwise-incompatible licenses. Currently not all of the required dependencies have been released.^[115] is the 8th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... GPL redirects here. ... Free software is software that can be used, studied, and modified without restriction, and which can be copied and redistributed in modified or unmodified form either without restriction, or with minimal restrictions only to ensure that further recipients can also do these things. ... Free software is software which grants recipients the freedom to modify and redistribute the software. ...

Modified viewer software is available from third parties. The most popular is the Nicholaz Edition;^[116] this viewer, produced by Nicholaz Beresford, includes bug fixes developed outside Linden Lab that are not yet included in the Linden Lab code. The Electric Sheep Company has introduced the OnRez Viewer,^[117] which makes substantial changes to the design of the user interface. ShoopedLife is a commonly used Second Life client that generates randomized hardware details and sends them to the Second Life server as part of the login, rendering the user anonymous, save for their IP address.^[118]

An independent project, libsecondlife,^[119] offers a function library for interacting with Second Life servers. libsecondlife has been used to create non-graphic third party viewers, including SLEEK,^[120] a text browser using .NET, and Ajaxlife,^[121] a text viewer that runs in a web browser.

The OS X viewer is a universal binary and is about twice the size of the Windows and Linux binaries.^[122] Universal Binary Logo A Universal binary is â€” in Apple Computers parlance â€” an application bundle that runs natively on both PowerPC- and x86 (Intel)-based Macintosh computers. ...

Animation editors using BVH such as Poser, and Avimator are compatible with SL. Category: ... Look up Poser in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Avimator is a basic BVH (biovision hierachy) editor, originally written for use with Second Life, as a simple inexpensive alternative to eg Poser. ...

Further Development

In 2007, Linden Lab began work on improving the User Experience of second life. On December 6th 2007, a new download client (commonly known as a viewer) was announced. 'Windlight', so it was codenamed came with many improvements to system stability as well as having a completely new rendering engine to include the use of Atmospheric Shaders, a new Sky, New water as well as hundreds of other improvements to improve the quality of second life. Currently the Download client known as Windlight is available as the main client download from the Second Life website. However on February 19th, 2008, Linden Lab announced the release of yet another client codenamed 'Dazzle'. Dazzle came with changes to the stability of the client itself as well as an overhauled User Interface which was given mixed feedback by users who chose to download the client. As well as many fixes to the client, usability is also being improved. While the 'First Look' Dazzle client no longer exists, the further developed version of the client formerly known as dazzle currently exists as a 'release candidate' from the Second Life test software page on their website, however development on this client is not yet complete but is set to become the main download client later this year. It has been suggested that Second Life issues and criticisms#Customer Security be merged into this article or section. ... The user interface is the part of a system exposed to users. ...

Protocol

In May 2006 it was announced that the Second Life protocol had been reverse-engineered. A wiki was set up to further the effort.^[123] A screenshot of the Second Life virtual world through an early stage open source rendering engine using libsecondlife libsecondlife is a software library that can be used in a third party application to communicate with the servers that control the virtual world of Second Life. ... Reverse engineering (RE) is the process of taking something (a device, an electrical component, a software program, etc. ... Wiki wiki redirects here. ...

Since this project produced some useful software, Linden Lab modified the TOS to allow third-party programs to access Second Life,^[124] enabling the project to be formalized under the name libsecondlife. Among functions developed are a map API, the ability to create objects larger than normally allowed (recently disabled), and other unforeseen capabilities such as CopyBot. Terms of Service (often abbreviated as ToS) are rules by which one must agree to abide by in order to use a service. ... A screenshot of the Second Life virtual world through an early stage open source rendering engine using libsecondlife libsecondlife is a software library that can be used in a third party application to communicate with the servers that control the virtual world of Second Life. ... API redirects here. ... CopyBot is a controversial debugging tool used to access the virtual world Second Life. ...

OpenSimulator

In January 2007 OpenSimulator was founded as an open source simulator project. The aim of this project is to deveop a full open source server software for Second Life clients. OpenSIM is BSD Licensed and it is written in C# and can run under Mono environment. The community is fastly growing and there are some existing alternative Second Life grids ^[125] which are using OpenSimulator . Open source refers to projects that are open to the public and which draw on other projects that are freely available to the general public. ... Open source refers to projects that are open to the public and which draw on other projects that are freely available to the general public. ... BSD redirects here; for other uses see BSD (disambiguation). ... Look up C, c in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up mono, mono- in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Second Life in popular culture

Sam Bourne is the nom de plume of the British journalist Jonathan Freedland intended to distinguish his work in fiction from his journalism. ... Former lead vocalist for Adlers Appetite who joined in the spring of 2005 and played till they disbanded in January 2006. ... James Anthony Patrick Carr (born September 15, 1972 in Limerick, Ireland [1]) is an Irish comedian known for his deadpan, satirical and often dark humour. ... is the 34th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... Irene Grandi (born December 6, 1969 in Florence) is an Italian singer. ... Maxim is an international English language lad mag (mens magazine) based in the United Kingdom and known for its revealing pictorials featuring popular actresses, singers, and female models, of which none are nudes. ... The Colbert Report (IPA ) is an American satirical television program that airs from 11:30 p. ... Dr. Stephen T. Colbert, D.F.A. (pronounced ) is the fictional persona of political satirist Stephen Colbert, portrayed most notably on The Colbert Report. ... Wikipedia (IPA: , or ( ) is a multilingual, web-based, free content encyclopedia project, operated by the Wikimedia Foundation, a non-profit organization. ... This article is about the American attorney and politician. ... Law & Order: Special Victims Unit - Season 5 DVD Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (also known as Law & Order: SVU) is the first of three spin-offs of Law & Order (the other two being Law & Order: Criminal Intent and Law & Order: Trial by Jury; all series are presented on the NBC... James Christian Jimmy Kimmel (born November 13, 1967) is an American comedian, writer, talk show host, game show host, and producer. ... Shawn Corey Carter (born December 4, 1969), better known as Jay-Z, is an American rapper and current president and CEO of Def Jam and Roc-A-Fella Records. ... ... CSI: NY (working title CSI: New York) is an American police procedural television series which premiered on September 22, 2004. ... is the 297th day of the year (298th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... Dwight Kurt Schrute II is a fictional character on NBCs The Office portrayed by Rainn Wilson. ... This article is about the USA version of The Office. ... is the 298th day of the year (299th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: The Office (US) Local Ad is an episode of The Office (U.S. version). ... James Jim Halpert is a fictional character in the United States version of the television sitcom The Office, played by John Krasinski. ... Pamela Beesly is a fictional character on the U.S. television sitcom The Office, played by Jenna Fischer. ... Another Life is a BBC Books original novel written by Peter Anghelides and based on the British science fiction television, Doctor Who spin-off series Torchwood. ... Peter Anghelides is an author and dramatist most well known for his work on various spin-offs related to the BBC Television series Doctor Who. ... For plants known as torchwood, see Burseraceae. ... The Darkest Evening of the Year is a novel by the bestselling author Dean Koontz, to be released on November 27, 2007. ... Dean Ray Koontz (born July 9, 1945 in Everett, Pennsylvania) is an American writer. ... CSI: NY (working title CSI: New York) is an American police procedural television series which premiered on September 22, 2004. ... Mac Taylor is a fictional character featured in the TV series CSI: NY. He is played by Gary Sinise. ...

Outside the United States

Although Second Life has a large American customer base (approximately 30% of total users as of September 2007), it also has a wide variety of non-U.S. and non-English-speaking customers, and localized versions of the Second Life viewer are available for several languages. 70% of Second Life's active users (as measured by avatar count or active hours) are thus from outside the USA, with Germany, Japan, the UK, France, and Italy (and also Brazil when measured by avatar count only) being the origins of the next band of most active users with between 5% and 10% of total users and activity each.^[130] In 2007, Brazil became the first country to have its own independently run portal to Second Life, operated by an intermediary—although the actual Second Life grid accessed through the Brazilian portal is the same as that used by the rest of the worldwide customer base. The portal, called "Mainland Brazil", is run by Kaizen Games, making Kaizen the first partner in Linden's "Global Provider Program".^[131] In October 2007, Linden Lab signed second "Global Provider Program" with T-Entertainment Co., LTD., Seoul, Korea and T-Entertainment's potal called "SERA Korea" serves as gateway to Second Life Grid. Previously, starting in late 2005, Linden Lab had opened and run their own welcome area portals and regions for German, Korean and Japanese language speakers.^[132] Motto: (traditional) In God We Trust (official, 1956â€“present) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington, D.C. Largest city New York City Official language(s) None at the federal level; English de facto Government Federal Republic - President George W. Bush (R) - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence - Declared - Recognized... The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a country in western Europe, and member of the Commonwealth of Nations, the G8, the European Union, and NATO. Usually known simply as the United Kingdom, the UK, or (inaccurately) as Great Britain or Britain, the UK has four constituent... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... Kaizen Games is the company owner of Priston Brazil. ...

Management changes

Cory Ondrejka, who helped to program Second Life, resigned as chief technology officer on December 11, 2007. Ondrejka used the Flying Spaghetti Monster as his avatar. Previously, Ondrejka was a video game developer, worked with computers at the United States Department of Defense, served as an officer in the United States Navy, and was employed by the National Security Agency.^[133] Computer programming (often simply programming) is the craft of implementing one or more interrelated abstract algorithms using a particular programming language to produce a concrete computer program. ... Chief Technical Officer or Chief Technology Officer, usually seen as CTO, is a business executive position whose holder is focussed on technical issues in a company. ... is the 345th day of the year (346th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... Bobby Henderson redirects here. ... Computer and video games redirects here. ... The United States Department of Defense (DOD or DoD) is the federal department charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government relating directly to national security and the military. ... USN redirects here. ... For other uses of NSA, see NSA (disambiguation). ...

CEO steps down

Philip Rosedale officially announced plans to step down from his position as Linden Lab CEO on March 14, 2008. However, he is to become Chairman of the Linden Lab Board of Directors. ^[134]. Philip Rosedale at the Web 2. ... It has been suggested that Second Life issues and criticisms#Customer Security be merged into this article or section. ...

New CEO Announced

After the announcement that Philip Rosedale would step down as CEO of Linden Lab on March 14, 2008, Rosedale announced on April 22nd, 2008 that he had found a new CEO in Mark Kingdon. The announcement claims that Kingdon will take over as CEO from Rosedale on May 15th, 2008. Philip Rosedale at the Web 2. ... It has been suggested that Second Life issues and criticisms#Customer Security be merged into this article or section. ... Mark E. Kingdon Mark E. Kingdon is a hedge fund manager and President of the 5 billion USD Kingdon Capital Management, an investment management company which he founded in 1983. ...

See also

Simulated reality is the idea that reality could be simulated â€” often computer-simulated â€” to a degree indistinguishable from true reality. ... Emerging Virtual Institutions collectively include the future economic and community-based growth of virtual reality worlds such as Second Life and World of Warcraft, the point where these spaces are no longer just a place for individuals to interact through computer-mediated reality, but instead become significant structures and mechanisms...

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Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 46th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... USA Today is a national American daily newspaper published by the Gannett Company. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 51st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 19th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 54th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... It has been suggested that Second Life issues and criticisms#Customer Security be merged into this article or section. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 54th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 252nd day of the year (253rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 252nd day of the year (253rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 214th day of the year (215th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 58th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 279th day of the year (280th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 211th day of the year (212th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... It has been suggested that Second Life issues and criticisms#Customer Security be merged into this article or section. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 53rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 53rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 352nd day of the year (353rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 7th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... It has been suggested that Second Life issues and criticisms#Customer Security be merged into this article or section. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 212th day of the year (213th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 51st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... It has been suggested that Second Life issues and criticisms#Customer Security be merged into this article or section. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 52nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 212th day of the year (213th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 62nd day of the year (63rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 329th day of the year (330th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 329th day of the year (330th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 280th day of the year (281st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... It has been suggested that Second Life issues and criticisms#Customer Security be merged into this article or section. ... is the 318th day of the year (319th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 252nd day of the year (253rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 126th day of the year (127th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 61st day of the year (62nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... This article is about the day of the year. ... It has been suggested that Second Life issues and criticisms#Customer Security be merged into this article or section. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 322nd day of the year (323rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... It has been suggested that Second Life issues and criticisms#Customer Security be merged into this article or section. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 342nd day of the year (343rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 23rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Times is a national newspaper published daily in the United Kingdom (and the Kingdom of Great Britain before the United Kingdom existed) since 1788 when it was known as The Daily Universal Register. ... AFP logo Paris headquarters of AFP Charles Havas Agence France-Presse (AFP) is the oldest news agency in the world, and one of the three largest with Associated Press and Reuters. ... is the 26th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 26th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... (born July 15, 1949) is a Swedish politician and diplomat, currently serving as Minister for Foreign Affairs in the cabinet of Fredrik Reinfeldt. ... is the 30th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 44th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 96th day of the year (97th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 167th day of the year (168th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 342nd day of the year (343rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 342nd day of the year (343rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 53rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 55th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 96th day of the year (97th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 167th day of the year (168th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The New York Times is an internationally known daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed in the United States and many other nations worldwide. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 7th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 45th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 66th day of the year (67th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 66th day of the year (67th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 196th day of the year (197th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 196th day of the year (197th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Todays San Francisco Chronicle was founded in 1865 as The Daily Dramatic Chronicle by teenage brothers Charles de Young and Michael H. de Young. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 174th day of the year (175th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... It has been suggested that Second Life issues and criticisms#Customer Security be merged into this article or section. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 328th day of the year (329th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Philip Rosedale at the Web 2. ... is the 198th day of the year (199th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 328th day of the year (329th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 288th day of the year (289th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 328th day of the year (329th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 146th day of the year (147th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 328th day of the year (329th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... It has been suggested that Second Life issues and criticisms#Customer Security be merged into this article or section. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 329th day of the year (330th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 136th day of the year (137th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 166th day of the year (167th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 348th day of the year (349th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 178th day of the year (179th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 348th day of the year (349th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 23rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 45th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Valleywag is a Gawker Media blog with gossip and news about Silicon Valley personalities. ... is the 23rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 47th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 15th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 45th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 17th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... Slashdot, often abbreviated as /.[1], is a science, science fiction, and technology-related news website owned by SourceForge, Inc. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 45th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 25th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 45th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Guardian. ... is the 20th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 45th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 47th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 47th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 207th day of the year (208th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 32nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 359th day of the year (360th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... InformationWeek is a weekly technology magazine published by CMP Media. ... This article is about the day. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 76th day of the year (77th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... It has been suggested that Second Life issues and criticisms#Customer Security be merged into this article or section. ... is the 237th day of the year (238th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 274th day of the year (275th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 347th day of the year (348th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 352nd day of the year (353rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 290th day of the year (291st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... InformationWeek is a weekly technology magazine published by CMP Media. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 318th day of the year (319th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... LugRadio is a UK-based podcast aimed at fans of Linux and open source software. ... is the 16th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 328th day of the year (329th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 213th day of the year (214th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... It has been suggested that Second Life issues and criticisms#Customer Security be merged into this article or section. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 328th day of the year (329th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 328th day of the year (329th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 322nd day of the year (323rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... A screenshot of the Second Life virtual world through an early stage open source rendering engine using libsecondlife libsecondlife is a software library that can be used in a third party application to communicate with the servers that control the virtual world of Second Life. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 328th day of the year (329th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... A screenshot of the Second Life virtual world through an early stage open source rendering engine using libsecondlife libsecondlife is a software library that can be used in a third party application to communicate with the servers that control the virtual world of Second Life. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 330th day of the year (331st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 233rd day of the year (234th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 234th day of the year (235th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 299th day of the year (300th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 276th day of the year (277th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 318th day of the year (319th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 247th day of the year (248th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 250th day of the year (251st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 167th day of the year (168th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 347th day of the year (348th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 241st day of the year (242nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 347th day of the year (348th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

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