Rzeczpospolita Polska
Republic of Poland

← ← 1918 – 1939 → →
Flag Coat of arms
Anthem: Mazurek Dąbrowskiego
Capital	Warsaw
Language(s)	Polish
Government	Republic
President	List
Prime minister	List
Legislature	Sejm
Historical era	Interwar period
- World War I	November 11, 1918
- Invasion	November 2, 1939
Area
- 1939	388,600 km2 150,039 sq mi
Population
- 1939 est.	35,100,000
Density	90.3 /km²  233.9 /sq mi
Currency	Marka (until 1924) Złoty (after 1924)

The Second Polish Republic is the name applied to the Republic of Poland between World War I and World War II. The Republic had borders with Germany, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Soviet Union, Latvia and Lithuania. Rzeczpospolita (pronounced: , zhech-poss-POH-lee-tah) is a Polish calque translation of the Latin expression res publica (public affair). It has been used in Poland since at least 16th century, originally to denote any democratic state. ... Austria-Hungary, also known as the Dual monarchy (or: the k. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1000x630, 220 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Austria-Hungary Coat of arms Portal:Austria-Hungary Portal:Austria-Hungary/Intro ... The Kingdom of Poland, also informally called Regency Kingdom of Poland (Polish: ), was the state proclaimed by the Act of November 5 issued by Imperial Germany and Austria-Hungary. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Poland_(bordered). ... Year 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Germany_1933. ... Nazi Germany, or the Third Reich, commonly refers to Germany in the years 1933–1945, when it was under the firm control of the totalitarian and fascist ideology of the Nazi Party, with the Führer Adolf Hitler as dictator. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union. ... Motto: Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь! (Transliterated: Proletarii vsekh stran, soedinyaytes!) Translation: Workers of the world, unite!) Anthem: The Internationale (1922-1944) Hymn of the Soviet Union (1944-1991) Capital (and largest city) Moscow Official languages None; Russian de facto Government Socialist Republic/Federation of Soviet Republics  - Last President Mikhail Gorbachev  - Last Premier Ivan Silayev... Image File history File links Flag_of_Poland. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Civil flag of the Republic of Poland State flag with coat of arms of the Republic of Poland. ... Flag of Poland with the coat of arms The coat of arms of Poland consists of a white eagle on a red shield. ... A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that is evoking and eulogizing the history, traditions and struggles of its people, recognized either by a nations government as the official national song, or by convention through use by the people. ... Mazurek DÄ…browskiego (DÄ…browskis Mazurka) is the Polish national anthem written by Józef Wybicki in 1797. ... Image File history File links LocationIIPoland. ... This is a list of national capitals of the world in alphabetical order. ... Warsaw (Polish: , , in full The Capital City of Warsaw, Polish: Miasto StoÅ‚eczne Warszawa) is the capital of Poland, its largest city, and a gamma world city. ... For other uses, see Republic (disambiguation). ... This is a list of Polish presidents. ... This is a list of Polish presidents. ... The Prime Minister of the Republic of Poland represents the Council of Ministers (the Cabinet) and directs their work, supervises territorial self-government within the guidelines and in ways described in the Constitution and other legislation, and acts as the superior for all government administration workers (heading the public service... The Prime Minister of the Republic of Poland represents the Council of Ministers (the Cabinet) and directs their work, supervises territorial self-government within the guidelines and in ways described in the Constitution and other legislation, and acts as the superior for all government administration workers (heading the public service... A legislature is a type of representative deliberative assembly with the power to adopt laws. ... The Sejm building in Warsaw. ... Europe between 1929 and 1938 The Interwar period (also interbellum) is understood within Western culture to be the period between the end of the First World War and the beginning of the Second World War in Europe, specifically 11 November 1918 to 1 September 1939. ... Combatants Allied Powers: Russian Empire France British Empire Italy United States Central Powers: Austria-Hungary German Empire Ottoman Empire Bulgaria Commanders Nicholas II Aleksei Brusilov Georges Clemenceau Joseph Joffre Ferdinand Foch Herbert Henry Asquith Douglas Haig John Jellicoe Victor Emmanuel III Luigi Cadorna Armando Diaz Woodrow Wilson John Pershing Franz... November 11 is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 50 days remaining. ... Year 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... Combatants Poland Germany, Soviet Union, Slovakia Commanders Edward Rydz-ÅšmigÅ‚y Fedor von Bock (Army Group North), Gerd von Rundstedt (Army Group South), Mikhail Kovalov (Belorussian Front), Semyon Timoshenko (Ukrainian Front), Ferdinand ÄŒatloÅ¡ (Field Army Bernolak) Strength 39 divisions, 16 brigades, 4,300 guns, 880 tanks, 400 aircraft, Total: 950... November 2 is the 306th day of the year (307th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 59 days remaining. ... 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... This is a list of the countries of the world sorted by area. ... Population density by country, 2006 Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. ... The marka (Marka polska, abbreviated mp, plural marek) was the currency of the [[Regency Kingdom of Poland (1916-1918)|Regency Kingdom of Poland]] and of the Second Polish Republic between 1917 and 1924. ... ISO 4217 Code PLN User(s) Poland Inflation 2. ... Combatants Allied Powers: Russian Empire France British Empire Italy United States Central Powers: Austria-Hungary German Empire Ottoman Empire Bulgaria Commanders Nicholas II Aleksei Brusilov Georges Clemenceau Joseph Joffre Ferdinand Foch Herbert Henry Asquith Douglas Haig John Jellicoe Victor Emmanuel III Luigi Cadorna Armando Diaz Woodrow Wilson John Pershing Franz... Combatants Major Allied powers: United Kingdom France Soviet Union United States Republic of China and others Major Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Winston Churchill Charles de Gaulle Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Chiang Kai-Shek Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tojo Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian...

When the borders of the state were fixed in 1921, it had an area of 388.6 thousand km² (sixth largest in Europe), and 27.2 million inhabitants according to the census of that year. In 1939, just before the outbreak of World War II, it had an estimated 35.1 million inhabitants. A third of these were national minorities (17% Ukrainians and Belarusians, 10% Jews, 5% Germans, and 1% percent Lithuanians, Russians and Czechs). Year 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for full calendar). ... 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... Combatants Major Allied powers: United Kingdom France Soviet Union United States Republic of China and others Major Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Winston Churchill Charles de Gaulle Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Chiang Kai-Shek Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tojo Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian...

The Second Republic is often associated with times of great adversity, of troubles and of triumph. Having to deal with the economic difficulties and destruction of World War I, followed by the Soviet invasion during the Polish Soviet War, and then increasingly hostile neighbors such as Nazi Germany, the Republic managed to endure. Lacking an overseas empire, Poland nevertheless maintained a level of economic development and prosperity comparable to that of the West. The cultural hubs of Warsaw, Kraków and Lwów raised themselves to the level of major European cities. They were also the sites of internationally renowned universities and places of higher learning. By 1939 the Republic was becoming a major world player in politics and economics. Combatants Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic Second Polish Republic Commanders Mikhail Tukhachevsky Semyon Budyonny Joseph Stalin Józef PiÅ‚sudski Edward Rydz-ÅšmigÅ‚y Strength 950,000 combatants 5,000,000 reserves 360,000 combatants 738,000 reserves Casualties Unknown, dead estimated at 100,000–150,000 Unknown, dead estimated... Nazi Germany, or the Third Reich, commonly refers to Germany in the years 1933–1945, when it was under the firm control of the totalitarian and fascist ideology of the Nazi Party, with the Führer Adolf Hitler as dictator. ... Warsaw (Polish: , , in full The Capital City of Warsaw, Polish: Miasto StoÅ‚eczne Warszawa) is the capital of Poland, its largest city, and a gamma world city. ... Wawel Hill. ... Motto: Semper fidelis Location Map of Ukraine with Lviv. ...

History

Timeline (1918-1939)

Polish armoured car Korfanty in 1920 in the Silesian Uprisings

Roman Dmowski

Edward Rydz-Śmigły receiving the Marshal buława from president of Poland Ignacy Mościcki. November 10, 1936, Warsaw.

• Independence; Warsaw was free: November 11, 1918.
• Elections to the Sejm: January 26, 1919.
• Treaty of Versailles
• War against the Ukrainians: Polish-Ukrainian War.
• War against the Soviets: Polish-Soviet War. Miracle of the Vistula. Treaty of Riga.
• War against the Lithuanians: Polish-Lithuanian War.
• Border conflicts between Poland and Czechoslovakia.
• Uprisings in Wielkopolska and Silesia. Great Poland Uprising, Silesian Uprisings.
• July 15, 1920 - Agrarian Reform.
• March 17, 1921 - March Constitution.
• 1921 - alliances with France, Romania.
• Election to the Sejm (1922-11-05)and to the Senat - 1922-11-12.
• President Gabriel Narutowicz, and his assassination (December 16, 1922).
• 1924 - Wladyslaw Grabski Government. Bank Polski. Monetary reform.
• President Wojciechowski - December 20, 1922, to Zamach majowy.
• Coup of May - Zamach majowy, 1926, May, Józef Piłsudski coup d'etat (May Coup). beginning of Sanacja government.
• Roman Dmowski, Obóz Wielkiej Polski (4 December 1926), Endecja.
• 16 November 1930 - wybory brzeskie (elections
• 25 July 1932 - non-aggression pact with Soviet Union
• 26 January 1934 - non-aggression pact with Germany
• 14 April 1934 - Obóz Narodowo-Radykalny
• 23 April 1935 - April Constitution
• 12 May 1935 - death of Józef Piłsudski
• Gdynia, Centralny Okreg Przemyslowy (1936), Eugeniusz Kwiatkowski
• 2 February 1937 - Obóz Zjednoczenia Narodowego
• October 1938 - annexation of Zaolzie, Górna Orawa, Jaworzyna from Czechoslovakia
• 2 January 1939 - death of Roman Dmowski
• 31 March 1939 - military guarantees from United Kingdom and France
• 23 August 1939 - non-aggression pact between Soviet Union and Germany: Ribbentrop-Molotow Pact with a secret military alliance protocol targeting Poland (among several other countries)
• 25 August 1939 - alliance between Poland and United Kingdom

Polish Statehood

Kingdom of the first Piasts Fragmentation Kingdom of the later Piasts Kingdom of the Jagiellons Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Partitions Kingdom of Galicia Duchy of Warsaw Congress Kingdom Free City of Kraków Grand Duchy of Poznań Regency Kingdom Second Polish Republic Polish Secret State People's Republic of Poland Third Polish Republic

Main article: History of Poland (1918-1939)

Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Military armored cars A French VBL reconnaissance vehicle. ... Roman Dmowski This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Roman Dmowski This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Download high resolution version (700x922, 372 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: Second Polish Republic Edward Rydz-Smigly List of Marshals of Poland Bulawa Categories: Pre-1994 Poland images ... Download high resolution version (700x922, 372 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: Second Polish Republic Edward Rydz-Smigly List of Marshals of Poland Bulawa Categories: Pre-1994 Poland images ... Edward Rydz-Śmigły. ... Marshal (also sometimes spelled marshall in American English, but not in British English) is a word used in several official titles of various branches of society. ... The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ... Following are the successive heads of state of Poland. ... Ignacy Mościcki. ... November 10 is the 314th day of the year (315th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 51 days remaining. ... 1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Warsaw (Polish: , , in full The Capital City of Warsaw, Polish: Miasto StoÅ‚eczne Warszawa) is the capital of Poland, its largest city, and a gamma world city. ... November 11 is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 50 days remaining. ... Year 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... January 26 is the 26th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... The Treaty of Versailles (1919) was the peace treaty which officially ended World War I between the Allied and Central Powers and the German Empire. ... Orlęta, a 1926 painting by Wojciech Kossak The Polish-Ukrainian War of 1918 and 1919 was a conflict between the forces of Poland and Western-Ukrainian Peoples Republic for the control over the Eastern Galicia after the dissolution of Austria-Hungary. ... Combatants Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic Second Polish Republic Commanders Mikhail Tukhachevsky Semyon Budyonny Joseph Stalin Józef PiÅ‚sudski Edward Rydz-ÅšmigÅ‚y Strength 950,000 including reserves 5 million 360,000 including reserves 738,000 Casualties Unknown, dead estimated at 100,000 - 150,000 Unknown, dead estimated at... The Battle of Warsaw (sometimes referred to as the Miracle at the Vistula, Polish Cud nad WisÅ‚Ä…) was the decisive battle of the Polish-Bolshevik War (also known as the Polish-Soviet War), the war that began soon after the end of World War I in 1918 and lasted until... The Peace of Riga (also known as the Treaty of Riga, Polish: Traktat Ryski) signed on 18th March 1921 between Poland and Soviet Russia ended the Polish-Bolshevik War. ... Combatants Poland Lithuania Commanders Adam Nieniewski Silvestras Žukauskas Strength  ? ca. ... Border conflicts between Poland and Czechoslovakia started in 1918 between the two newly independent countries of Poland (Second Polish Republic) and Czechoslovakia. ... Soldiers of Greatpolish Army Greater Poland Uprising of 1918- 1919 (Polish: powstanie wielkopolskie 1918-19 roku) was a military insurrection of the Polish people in the Greater Poland region (also called the Grand Duchy of Poznań) against the German/Prussian forces. ... The Silesian Uprisings (Polish: Powstania Å›lÄ…skie) was a series of three military insurections (1919-1921) of the Polish people in the Upper Silesia region against the German/Prussian forces in order to force them out the region and join it with Poland, that regained her independence after the World... July 15 is the 196th day (197th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 169 days remaining. ... Year 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday. ... March 17 is the 76th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (77th in leap years). ... Year 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for full calendar). ... The Second Polish Republic adopted the March Constitution of Poland on March 17, 1921, after ousting the occupation of the German/ Prussian forces in the 1918 Greater Poland Uprising, and avoiding conquest by the Soviets in the 1920 Polish-Soviet War . ... Year 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar). ... November 5 is the 309th day of the year (310th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 56 days remaining. ... Year 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar). ... November 12 is the 316th day of the year (317th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 49 days remaining. ... Term of office from December 9, 1922, until December 16, 1922 Profession Engineer, university professor Political party nonpartisan Spouse Date of birth March 17, 1865 Place of birth Telsze (in todays Lithuania) Date of death December 16, 1922 Place of death Warsaw, Poland Gabriel Narutowicz, born on March 17... December 16 is the 350th day of the year (351st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Year 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar). ... Categories: People stubs | Prime Ministers of Poland | 1874 births | 1938 deaths ... The National Bank of Poland (Polish: , NBP), is the central bank of Poland. ... December 20 is the 354th day of the year (355th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar). ... May Coup (Polish: Przewrót majowy or zamach majowy) was a coup detat successfully carried out in Poland by Józef PiÅ‚sudski between May 12 and May 14, 1926. ... May Coup (Polish: Przewrót majowy or zamach majowy) was a coup detat successfully carried out in Poland by Józef PiÅ‚sudski between May 12 and May 14, 1926. ... A coup détat, or simply a coup, is the sudden overthrow of a government, usually done by a small group that just replaces the top power figures. ... May Coup (Polish: Przewrót majowy or zamach majowy) was a coup detat successfully carried out in Poland by Józef PiÅ‚sudski between May 12 and May 14, 1926. ... Flag of the Chief of State (1919-1927) Sanacja was a coalition political movement of the Second Polish Republic in the inter war years. ... Roman Dmowski Roman Dmowski (b. ... December 4 is the 338th day of the year (339th on leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Endecja (from abbreviaton (ND) of its Polish name, Narodowa Demokracja (National Democrats), also known as National Movement (Ruch Narodowy)) was a Polish right-wing political movement most active from middle of the 19th century to the end of the Second Polish Republic in 1939. ... November 16 is the 320th day of the year (321st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 45 days remaining. ... Year 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link is to a full 1930 calendar). ... July 25 is the 206th day (207th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 159 days remaining. ... 1932 (MCMXXXII) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link will take you to a full 1932 calendar). ... The Soviet-Polish Non-Aggression Pact (Polish: , Russian: ) was an international treaty of non-aggression signed in 1932 by representatives of Poland and the USSR. The pact was unilaterally broken by the Soviet Union on September 17, 1939, during the Nazi and Soviet invasion of Poland. ... January 26 is the 26th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... The German-Polish Non-Aggression Pact (German: , Polish: ) was an international treaty between Nazi Germany and the Second Polish Republic signed on January 26, 1934. ... April 14 is the 104th day of the year (105 in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 261 days remaining. ... 1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... Obóz Narodowo-Radykalny (National Radical Camp, ONR) was a Polish nationalist nazis political party, formed on May 14, 1934 mostly by the youth radicals who left the Narodowa Demokracja movement. ... April 23 is the 113th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (114th in leap years). ... 1935 (MCMXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... The April Constitution of Poland ( Polish Ustawa konstytucyjna 23 IV 1935) was the general law passed by the act of the Polish Sejm on April 23, 1935. ... May 12 is the 132nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (133rd in leap years). ... 1935 (MCMXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Gdynia (IPA: , German: (until 1939 and after 1945) / Gotenhafen (1939-1945); Kashubian: ) is a city in the Pomeranian Voivodeship of Poland and an important seaport at GdaÅ„sk Bay on the south coast of the Baltic Sea. ... Centralny Okręg Przemysłowy (Polish for Central Industrial Region, abbreviated COP) was one of the biggest economic projects of the Second Polish Republic. ... Eugeniusz Kwiatkowski (30 December 1888 - 22 August 1974), was a Polish politician and economist. ... February 2 is the 33rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Year 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... Year 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... Zaolzie (Czech Záolší (Zaolží), Slezsko zaolÅ¡anské, Polish Zaolzie, ÅšlÄ…sk zaolziaÅ„ski meaning Trans-Olza river) was the area disputed between Poland and Czechoslovakia West of Cieszyn with approximately 906 km² and 258,000 inhabitants. ... January 2 is the second day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... March 31 is the 90th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (91st in Leap years), with 275 days remaining. ... 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... August 23 is the 235th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (236th in leap years), with 130 days remaining. ... 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... A non-aggression pact is an international treaty between two or more states, agreeing to avoid war or armed conflict between them even if they find themselves fighting third countries, or even if one is fighting allies of the other. ... Molotov (lower left), Ribbentrop (in black) and Stalin (far right) The Molotov-Ribbentrop pact, also known as the Hitler-Stalin pact or Ribbentrop-Molotov pact or Nazi-Soviet pact and formally known as the Treaty of Nonaggression between Germany and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, was in theory a... A military alliance is an agreement between two, or more, countries; related to wartime planning, commitments, or contingencies; such agreements can be both defensive and offensive. ... August 25 is the 237th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (238th in leap years), with 128 days remaining. ... 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (730x810, 414 KB) Coat of Arms of Piast dynasty The eagle was cropped from some {{Polishsymbol}} coat of arms made by Halibutt in Blender and GIMP Based on the excellent French Wikipédia:Projet/Blasons and help from w:User:Snargle... The Kingdom of Poland of the first Piasts was the Polish state in the years between the coronation of BolesÅ‚aw I the Brave in 1025 and the death of BolesÅ‚aw III the Wrymouth in 1138. ... The Kingdom of Poland during period of fragmentation was the Polish state in the years between the death of BolesÅ‚aw III the Wrymouth in 1138 and the coronation of WÅ‚adysÅ‚aw I the Elbow-high in 1320. ... The Kingdom of Poland of the later Piasts was the Polish state in the years between the coronation of WÅ‚adysÅ‚aw I the Elbow-high in 1320 and the death of Kazimierz III the Great in 1370. ... The Kingdom of Poland of the Jagiellons was the Polish state in the years between the death of Casimir III in 1370 and the Union of Lublin in 1569. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Galicia (Ukrainian: Галичина (Halychyna), Polish: Galicja, German: Galizien, Slovak: Halič, Romanian: Galiţia, Hungarian: Gácsország) is the name of a region of Central Europe. ... Location Official languages Polish Established church Roman Catholic Capital Warsaw Largest City Warsaw Head of state Duke of Warsaw Area about 155,000 km² Population about 4. ... Kingdom of Poland 1815-31 The Congress Poland is an unofficial term for the Kingdom of Poland (1815-1831), a political entity that was created out of the Duchy of Warsaw at the Congress of Vienna in 1815, when European powers reorganised Europe following the Napoleonic wars. ... The Free City of Kraków (Polish: Wolne Miasto Kraków), also known as Republic of Kraków (Rzeczpospolita Krakowska), was a city-state created by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 and controlled by its three neighbors, Russia, Prussia and Austria until 1846. ... Grand Duchy of PoznaÅ„ (Polish: Wielkie KsiÄ™stwo PoznaÅ„skie, German: Großherzogtum Posen) was an autonomous province of the Kingdom of Prussia in the Polish lands commonly known as Great Poland between the years 1815-1848. ... The Kingdom of Poland, also informally called Regency Kingdom of Poland (Polish: ), was the state proclaimed by the Act of November 5 issued by Imperial Germany and Austria-Hungary. ... Polish Secret State (also known as Polish Underground State; Polish Polskie Państwo Podziemne) is a term coined by Jan Karski in his book Story of a Secret State; it is used to refer to all underground resistance organizations in Poland during World War II, both military and civilian. ... The Peoples Republic of Poland or Polish Peoples Republic (Polish: Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa, PRL) was the official name of Poland from 1952 to 1989, during its period of rule by the Communist party, officially called the Polish United Workers Party (Polska Zjednoczona Partia Robotnicza, or PZPR). ... Motto: none1 Anthem: DÄ…browskis Mazurka (Polish: ) Map showing the location of Poland (dark orange) within the EU ( legend). ... // Interwar Poland Poland in the interbellum PiÅ‚sudskis first task was to reunite the Polish regions that had assumed various economic and political identities since the partition in the late eighteenth century, and especially since the advent of political parties. ...

The beginnings

Occupied by German and Austro-Hungarian armies in the summer of 1915, the formerly Russian-ruled part of what was considered Poland was proclaimed an independent kingdom by the occupying powers on November 5, 1916, with a governing Council of State and (from October 15, 1917) a Regency Council (Rada Regencyjna Królestwa Polskiego) to administer the country under German auspices pending the election of a king. Austria-Hungary, also known as the Dual monarchy (or: the k. ... 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... November 5 is the 309th day of the year (310th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 56 days remaining. ... Year 1916 (MCMXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ... October 15 is the 288th day of the year (289th in leap years). ... Year 1917 (MCMXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar (see: 1917 Julian calendar). ...

Shortly before the end of World War I, on October 7, 1918, the Regency Council dissolved the Council of State and announced its intention to restore Polish independence. With the notable exception of the Marxist-oriented Social Democratic Party of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania (SDKPiL), most political parties supported this move. On October 23 the Council appointed a new government under Józef Swierzynski and began conscription into the Polish Army. Combatants Allied Powers: Russian Empire France British Empire Italy United States Central Powers: Austria-Hungary German Empire Ottoman Empire Bulgaria Commanders Nicholas II Aleksei Brusilov Georges Clemenceau Joseph Joffre Ferdinand Foch Herbert Henry Asquith Douglas Haig John Jellicoe Victor Emmanuel III Luigi Cadorna Armando Diaz Woodrow Wilson John Pershing Franz... October 7 is the 280th day of the year (281st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... Marxism refers to the philosophy and social theory based on Karl Marxs work on one hand, and to the political practice based on Marxist theory on the other hand (namely, parts of the First International during Marxs time, communist parties and later states). ... October 23 is the 296th day of the year (297th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Polish Army (Polish Wojsko Polskie) is the name applied to the military forces of Poland. ...

Second Polish Republic 1921-1939

On November 5, in Lublin, the first Soviet of Delegates was created. On November 6 the Communists announced the creation of a Republic of Tarnobrzeg. The same day, a Provisional People's Government of the Republic of Poland was created under the Socialist, Ignacy Daszynski. Download high resolution version (2000x1534, 341 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (2000x1534, 341 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... November 5 is the 309th day of the year (310th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 56 days remaining. ... For other uses, see Lublin (disambiguation). ... A soviet (Russian: сове́т) originally was a workers local council in late Imperial Russia. ... November 6 is the 310th day of the year (311th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 55 days remaining. ... Communism is an ideology that seeks to establish a classless, stateless social organization, based upon common ownership of the means of production. ... Ignacy Daszynski (1866-1936) was a Polish politician. ...

On November 10, Józef Piłsudski, newly freed from imprisonment by the German authorities at Magdeburg, returned to Warsaw. Next day, due to his popularity and support from most political parties, the Regency Council appointed Piłsudski Commander in Chief of the Polish Armed Forces. On November 14 the Council dissolved itself and transferred all its authority to Piłsudski as Chief of State (Naczelnik Państwa). November 10 is the 314th day of the year (315th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 51 days remaining. ... Office Chief of State, Marshal of Poland Term of office from November 14, 1918 until December 9, 1922 Profession Polish Leader Political party none, see Sanacja for details Spouse Maria PiÅ‚sudska Aleksandra PiÅ‚sudska Date of birth December 5, 1867 Place of birth Zułów, in todays Lithuania... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Warsaw (Polish: , , in full The Capital City of Warsaw, Polish: Miasto StoÅ‚eczne Warszawa) is the capital of Poland, its largest city, and a gamma world city. ... Regency Council: Ostrowski, Kakowski, Lubomirski The Regency Council of the Kingdom of Poland (Polish: Rada Regencyjna Królestwa Polskiego) was highest authority (king) in Kingdom of Poland during World War I, formed in September 1917. ... November 14 is the 318th day of the year (319th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 47 days remaining until the end of the year. ...

Centers of government that were created in Galicia (formerly Austrian-ruled southern Poland) included a National Council of the Principality of Cieszyn (created on November 19??) and a Polish Liquidation Committee (created on October 28). Soon afterward, conflict broke out in Lviv (Polish Lwów) between forces of the Military Committee of Ukrainians and the Polish "Eagles" of Lwów. Coat-of-arms of Galicia or Galicja Galicia (Ukrainian: , Polish: , German: , Hungarian: , Czech: , Turkish: ) is an historical region in East Central Europe, currently divided between Poland and Ukraine. ... Polish Liquidation Committee (full name in Polish: ) was a temporary Polish government body in Galicia after the end of World War I. Created on October 28, 1918 with seat in Kraków, the Committee was headed by Wincenty Witos and Ignacy DaszyÅ„ski. ... October 28 is the 301st day of the year (302nd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 64 days remaining. ... Motto: Semper fidelis Location Map of Ukraine with Lviv. ... Lwów Eagles - Defenders of the Cemetery, oil on canvas, 1926, 90 x 120 cm, Polish Military Museum in Warsaw, painted by Wojciech Kossak. ...

After consultation with Pilsudski, Daszynski's government dissolved itself and a new government was created under Jedrzej Moraczewski. Jedrzej Moraczewski (1879-1944) was a Polish politician who served as second Prime Minister of Poland, from November 1918 to January 1919. ...

Soldiers of the Army of Greater Poland, 1919

Polish soldiers displaying captured Soviet battle flags after the Battle of Warsaw.

Polish Soliders of Great Polands Army. ... Polish Soliders of Great Polands Army. ... Voivodship wielkopolskie since 1999 Coat of Arms for voivodship wielkopolskie Greater Poland (also Great Poland; Polish: , German: Großpolen, Latin: Polonia Maior) is a historical region of west-central Poland. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... The Battle of Warsaw (sometimes referred to as the Miracle at the Vistula, Polish Cud nad Wisłą) was the decisive battle of the Polish-Soviet War, the war that began soon after the end of World War I in 1918 and lasted until the Treaty of Riga in 1921. ...

World War II

German soldiers destroying Polish border checkpoint on 1 September

The beginning of the Second World War put an end to the Second Polish Republic. The "Invasion of Poland" campaign began 1 September 1939, one week after the signing of the secret Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, and ended 6 October 1939, with Germany and the Soviet Union occupying the entirety of Poland. Poland did not surrender, but continued as Polish Government in Exile and the Polish Secret State. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ... Combatants Poland Germany, Soviet Union, Slovakia Commanders Edward Rydz-ÅšmigÅ‚y Fedor von Bock (Army Group North), Gerd von Rundstedt (Army Group South), Mikhail Kovalov (Belorussian Front), Semyon Timoshenko (Ukrainian Front), Ferdinand ÄŒatloÅ¡ (Field Army Bernolak) Strength 39 divisions, 16 brigades, 4,300 guns, 880 tanks, 400 aircraft, Total: 950... The Government of the Polish Republic in Exile was the government of Poland after the country had been occupied by Germany and the Soviet Union during September-October 1939. ... Polish Secret State (also known as Polish Underground State; Polish Polskie Państwo Podziemne) is a term coined by Jan Karski in his book Story of a Secret State; it is used to refer to all underground resistance organizations in Poland during World War II, both military and civilian. ...

Politics and government

Chief of State

• Józef Piłsudski – 22 November 1918 - 9 December 1922

Office Chief of State, Marshal of Poland Term of office from November 14, 1918 until December 9, 1922 Profession Polish Leader Political party none, see Sanacja for details Spouse Maria Piłsudska Aleksandra Piłsudska Date of birth December 5, 1867 Place of birth Zułów, in todays Lithuania... November 22 is the 326th day (327th on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... December 9 is the 343rd day (344th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar). ...

Presidents

• Gabriel Narutowicz – 9 December 1922 - 16 December 1922
• Stanisław Wojciechowski – 20 December 1922 - 14 May 1926
• Ignacy Mościcki – 1 June 1926 - 30 September 1939
• Bolesław Wieniawa-Długoszowski - 1 October 1939

Term of office from December 9, 1922, until December 16, 1922 Profession Engineer, university professor Political party nonpartisan Spouse Date of birth March 17, 1865 Place of birth Telsze (in todays Lithuania) Date of death December 16, 1922 Place of death Warsaw, Poland Gabriel Narutowicz, born on March 17... December 9 is the 343rd day (344th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar). ... December 16 is the 350th day of the year (351st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Year 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar). ... Term of office from December 20, 1922 until May 14, 1926 Profession university professor Political party PSL Piast Date of birth March 15, 1869 Place of birth Kalisz, Poland Date of death April 9, 1953 Place of death Gołąbki near Warsaw, Poland Stanislaw Wojciechowski was born on March 15... December 20 is the 354th day of the year (355th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar). ... May 14 is the 134th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (135th in leap years). ... Year 1926 (MCMXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar). ... Office Term of office from June 1, 1926, until September 30, 1939 Profession Professor of chemistry Political party none (until 1892, Proletariat) Spouse Maria, née Dobrzańska Date of birth December 1, 1867 Place of birth Mierzanów, Poland Date of death October 2, 1946 Place of death Versoix... June 1 is the 152nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (153rd in leap years), with 213 days remaining. ... Year 1926 (MCMXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar). ... September 30 is the 273rd day of the year (274th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... Bolesław Wieniawa-Długoszowski (1881 - 1942) was a Polish General and man of letters. ... October 1 is the 274th day of the year (275th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Prime ministers

• Jędrzej Moraczewski – 18 November 1918 - 16 January 1919
• Ignacy Jan Paderewski – 18 January 1919 - 27 November 1919
• Leopold Skulski – 13 December 1919 - 9 June 1920
• Władysław Grabski – 27 June 1920 - 24 July 1920
• Wincenty Witos – 24 July 1920 - 13 September 1921
• Antoni Ponikowski – 19 September 1921 - 5 March 1922
• Antoni Ponikowski – 10 March 1922 - 6 June 1922
• Artur Śliwiński – 28 June 1922 - 7 July 1922
• Wojciech Korfanty – 14 July 1922 - 31 July 1922
• Julian Nowak – 31 July 1922 - 14 December 1922
• Władysław Sikorski – 16 December 1922 - 26 May 1923
• Wincenty Witos – 28 May 1923 - 14 December 1923
• Władysław Grabski – 19 December 1923 - 14 November 1925
• Aleksander Skrzyński – 20 November 1925 - 5 May 1926
• Wincenty Witos – 10 May 1926 - 14 May 1926
• Kazimierz Bartel – 15 May 1926 - 4 June 1926
• Kazimierz Bartel – 8 June 1926 - 24 September 1926
• Kazimierz Bartel – 27 September 1926 - 30 September 1926
• Józef Piłsudski – 2 October 1926 - 27 June 1928
• Kazimierz Bartel – 27 June 1928 - 13 April 1929
• Kazimierz Świtalski – 14 April 1929 - 7 December 1929
• Kazimierz Bartel – 29 December 1929 - 15 March 1930
• Walery Sławek – 29 March 1930 - 23 August 1930
• Józef Piłsudski – 25 August 1930 - 4 December 1930
• Walery Sławek – 4 December 1930 - 26 May 1931
• Aleksander Prystor – 27 May 1931 - 9 May 1933
• Janusz Jędrzejewicz – 10 May 1933 - 13 May 1934
• Leon Kozłowski – 15 May 1934 - 28 March 1935
• Walery Sławek – 28 March 1935 - 12 October 1935
• Marian Zyndram-Kościałkowski – 13 October 1935 - 15 May 1936
• Felicjan Sławoj Składkowski – 15 May 1936 - 30 September 1939

Jędrzej Moraczewski (1879-1944) was a Polish politician who served as second Prime Minister of Poland, from November 1918 to January 1919. ... November 18 is the 322nd day of the year (323rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Year 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... January 16 is the 16th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... Ignacy Jan Paderewski Ignacy Jan Paderewski (November 6, 1860 – June 29, 1941) was a Polish pianist, composer, diplomat and politician, the third Prime Minister of Poland. ... January 18 is the 18th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... November 27 is the 331st day (332nd on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... Leopold Skulski (1878-after 1939) was prime minister of Poland from 1919 to 1920. ... December 13 is the 347th day of the year (348th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... June 9 is the 160th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (161st in leap years), with 205 days remaining. ... Year 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday. ... Władysław Grabski Władysław Grabski (July 7, 1874 - March 3, 1938) was a Polish politician, economist and Prime Minister of Poland. ... June 27 is the 178th day of the year (179th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 187 days remaining. ... Year 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday. ... July 24 is the 205th day (206th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 160 days remaining. ... Year 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday. ... Wincenty Witos Wincenty Witos (1874 - 1945) was an actvist of the Polish Peasant Party (PSL) from 1895 and leader of Piast faction from 1913. ... July 24 is the 205th day (206th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 160 days remaining. ... Year 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday. ... September 13 is the 256th day of the year (257th in leap years). ... Year 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for full calendar). ... Antoni Ponikowski (1