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In library and information science, historiography and some other areas of scholarship, a secondary source is a document or recording that relates or discusses information originally presented elsewhere. A secondary source contrasts with a primary source, which is an original source of the information being discussed. Secondary sources often involve generalization, analysis, synthesis, interpretation, or evaluation of the original information. Primary and secondary are relative terms, and some sources may be classified as primary or secondary, depending on how it is used.[1] Library and information science (LIS) is the study of issues related to libraries and the information fields. ...
Historiography studies the processes by which historical knowledge is obtained and transmitted. ...
This article is about scholarship (noun) and scholarship as a form of financial aid. ...
For the similarly-named Surrealist journal, see Documents (journal). ...
Historical records of events have been made for thousands of years in one form or another. ...
The ASCII codes for the word Wikipedia represented in binary, the numeral system most commonly used for encoding computer information. ...
In historical scholarship, a primary source is a document, or other source of information that was created at or near the time being studied, by an authoritative source, usually one with direct personal knowledge of the events being described. ...
Library and information science In library and information sciences, secondary sources are generally regarded as those sources that summarize or add commentary to primary sources in the context of the particular information or idea under study.[2][3] Library and information science (LIS) is the study of issues related to libraries and the information fields. ...
A primary source is any piece of information that is used for constructing history as an artifact of its times. ...
Historiography and historical scholarship In scholarly writing, an important objective of classifying sources is to determine the independence and reliability of sources.[4] In contexts such as historical writing, it is almost always advisable to use primary sources if possible, and that "if none are available, it is only with great caution that [the author] may proceed to make use of secondary sources."[5] Many scholars have commented on the difficulty in producing secondary source narratives from the "raw data" which makes up the past. Historian/philosopher Hayden White has written extensively on the ways in which the rhetorical strategies by which historians construct narratives about the past, and what sorts of assumptions about time, history, and events are embedded in the very structure of the historical narrative. In any case, the question of the exact relation between "historical facts" and the content of "written history" has been a topic of discussion among historians since at least the nineteenth century, when much of the modern profession of history came into being.[citation needed] Insert non-formatted text hereHayden White(1928-3012) is an historian in the tradition of literary criticism, perhaps most famous for his work Metahistory: The Historical Imagination in Nineteenth-Century Europe (1973). ...
As a general rule, modern historians prefer to go back to primary sources, if available, as well as seeking new ones, because primary sources, whether accurate or not, offer new input into historical questions, and most modern history revolves around heavy use of archives for the purpose of finding useful primary sources. On the other hand, most undergraduate research projects are limited to secondary source material.[citation needed] Archive of the AMVC An archive refers to a collection of historical records, and also refers to the location in which these records are kept. ...
Secondary sources of family history "A secondary source is a record or statement of an event or circumstance made by a non-eyewitness or by someone not closely connected with the event or circumstances, recorded or stated verbally either at or sometime after the event, or by an eye-witness at a time after the event when the fallibility of memory is an important factor."[6] Consequently, an autobiography written after the event is a secondary source, even though it may be the first published description of an event. For example, many first hand accounts of events in the 1st world war that were written in the post war years were influenced by the then prevailing perception of the war which was significantly different from contemporary opinion.[7]
Secondary legal sources Secondary sources are often used in common law, to allow judges to determine what is actually meant by the language of a particular statute. See legislative intent. This article concerns the common-law legal system, as contrasted with the civil law legal system; for other meanings of the term, within the field of law, see common law (disambiguation). ...
The Statute of Grand Duchy of Lithuania A statute is a formal, written law of a country or state, written and enacted by its legislative authority, perhaps to then be ratified by the highest executive in the government, and finally published. ...
In law, legislative intent is a factor used to interpret statutes. ...
See also A source text is text (usually written but sometimes oral) from which information or ideas are derived. ...
In historical scholarship, a primary source is a document, or other source of information that was created at or near the time being studied, by an authoritative source, usually one with direct personal knowledge of the events being described. ...
Where a primary source presents material from a first-hand witness to a phenomenon, and a secondary source provides commentary, analysis and criticism of primary sources, a tertiary source is a selection and compilation of primary and secondary sources. ...
References - Jules R. Benjamin. A Student's Guide to History (2003)
- Edward H. Carr, What is History? (New York: Vintage Books, 1961).
- Wood Gray, Historian's handbook, a key to the study and writing of history (Houghton Mifflin, 1964).
- Derek Harland, A Basic Course in Genealogy: Volume two, Research Procedure and Evaluation of Evidence, (Bookcraft Inc, 1958)
- Richard Holmes. Tommy (HarperCollins, 2004)
- Martha C. Howell and Walter Prevenier. From Reliable Sources: An Introduction to Historical Methods (2001)
- Richard A. Marius and Melvin E. Page. A Short Guide to Writing About History (5th Edition) (2004)
- Hayden White, Metahistory: the historical imagination in nineteenth-century Europe (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1973).
Notes - ^ Kragh, Helge (1989), An Introduction to the Historiography of Science, Cambridge University Press, p. 121, ISBN 0521389216, <http://books.google.com/books?id=d2zy_QSq2b0C&pg=PA121&lpg=PA121&dq=%22secondary+source%22+historiography&source=web&ots=9v7A99Rzbf&sig=jNrIeEdaovpKIuX_jD9KlrGO2-4> ("[T]he distinction is not a sharp one. Since a source is only a source in a specific historical context, the same source object can be both a primary or secondary source according to what it is used for."); Delgadillo, Roberto & Lynch, Beverly (1999), "Future Historians: Their Quest for Information", College & Research Libraries: 245–259, at 253, <http://www.ala.org/ala/acrl/acrlpubs/crljournal/backissues1999b/may99/delgadillo.pdf> ("[T]he same document can be a primary or a secondary source depending on the particular analysis the historian is doing"); Monagahn, E.J. & Hartman, D.K. (2001), "Historical research in literacy", Reading Online 4 (11), <http://www.readingonline.org/articles/art_index.asp?HREF=/articles/handbook/monaghan/index.html> ("[A] source may be primary or secondary, depending on what the researcher is looking for.").
- ^ "Primary, secondary and tertiary sources"
- ^ "Library Guides: Primary, secondary and tertiary sources"
- ^ Helge (1989), p. 121.
- ^ Cipolla, Carlo M. (1992), Between Two Cultures:An Introduction to Economic History, W.W. Norton & Co., p. 27, <http://books.google.com/books?id=GIqRTlepwmoC&printsec=frontcover&dq=cipolla&sig=JzRVCCjEZperMP0D1yyRewHRMUU#PPA27,M1>.
- ^ Harland
- ^ Holmes, particularly the introduction
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